Prior reports of healthcare-associated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have been limited to cases diagnosed after the third day of hospitalization. The omission of other healthcare settings where RSV transmission may occur underestimates the true incidence of healthcare-associated RSV.

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

United States RSV Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RSV-NET) during 2016–2017 through 2018–2019 seasons.

Laboratory-confirmed RSV-related hospitalizations in an eight-county catchment area in Tennessee.

Surveillance data from RSV-NET were used to evaluate the population-level burden of healthcare-associated RSV. The incidence of healthcare-associated RSV was determined using the traditional definition (i.e., positive RSV test after hospital day 3) in addition to often under-recognized cases associated with recent post-acute care facility admission or a recent acute care hospitalization for a non-RSV illness in the preceding 7 days.

Among the 900 laboratory-confirmed RSV-related hospitalizations, 41 (4.6%) had traditionally defined healthcare-associated RSV. Including patients with a positive RSV test obtained in the first 3 days of hospitalization and who were either transferred to the hospital directly from a post-acute care facility or who were recently discharged from an acute care facility for a non-RSV illness in the preceding 7 days identified an additional 95 cases (10.6% of all RSV-related hospitalizations).

RSV is an often under-recognized healthcare-associated infection. Capturing other healthcare exposures that may serve as the initial site of viral transmission may provide more comprehensive estimates of the burden of healthcare-associated RSV and inform improved infection prevention strategies and vaccination efforts.

Understanding characteristics of healthcare personnel (HCP) with SARS-CoV-2 infection supports the development and prioritization of interventions to protect this important workforce. We report detailed characteristics of HCP who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from April 20, 2020 through December 31, 2021.

CDC collaborated with Emerging Infections Program sites in 10 states to interview HCP with SARS-CoV-2 infection (case-HCP) about their demographics, underlying medical conditions, healthcare roles, exposures, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, and COVID-19 vaccination status. We grouped case-HCP by healthcare role. To describe residential social vulnerability, we merged geocoded HCP residential addresses with CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) values at the census tract level. We defined highest and lowest SVI quartiles as high and low social vulnerability, respectively.

Our analysis included 7,531 case-HCP. Most case-HCP with roles as certified nursing assistant (CNA) (444, 61.3%), medical assistant (252, 65.3%), or home healthcare worker (HHW) (225, 59.5%) reported their race and ethnicity as either non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic. More than one third of HHWs (166, 45.2%), CNAs (283, 41.7%), and medical assistants (138, 37.9%) reported a residential address in the high social vulnerability category. The proportion of case-HCP who reported using recommended PPE at all times when caring for patients with COVID-19 was lowest among HHWs compared with other roles.

To mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in healthcare settings, infection prevention, and control interventions should be specific to HCP roles and educational backgrounds. Additional interventions are needed to address high social vulnerability among HHWs, CNAs, and medical assistants.

To provide comprehensive population-level estimates of the burden of healthcare-associated influenza.

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

US Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET) during 2012–2013 through 2018–2019 influenza seasons.

Laboratory-confirmed influenza-related hospitalizations in an 8-county catchment area in Tennessee.

The incidence of healthcare-associated influenza was determined using the traditional definition (ie, positive influenza test after hospital day 3) in addition to often underrecognized cases associated with recent post-acute care facility admission or a recent acute care hospitalization for a noninfluenza illness in the preceding 7 days.

Among the 5,904 laboratory-confirmed influenza-related hospitalizations, 147 (2.5%) had traditionally defined healthcare-associated influenza. When we included patients with a positive influenza test obtained in the first 3 days of hospitalization and who were either transferred to the hospital directly from a post-acute care facility or who were recently discharged from an acute care facility for a noninfluenza illness in the preceding 7 days, we identified an additional 1,031 cases (17.5% of all influenza-related hospitalizations).

Including influenza cases associated with preadmission healthcare exposures with traditionally defined cases resulted in an 8-fold higher incidence of healthcare-associated influenza. These results emphasize the importance of capturing other healthcare exposures that may serve as the initial site of viral transmission to provide more comprehensive estimates of the burden of healthcare-associated influenza and to inform improved infection prevention strategies.