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20 results

  • 14 - Property/Personhood and AI

  • from Part II - Property
  • Edited by Ernest Lim, National University of Singapore, Phillip Morgan, University of York
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Private Law and Artificial Intelligence
    Published online:
    21 March 2024
    Print publication:
    28 March 2024, pp 307-331

  • Summary

    The conferral of personhood is a choice made by legal systems, but just because it can be done, does not mean that it should. Analogies made between AI systems and corporations are superficial and flawed. For instance, the demand for asset partitioning does not apply to AI systems in the same way that it does with corporations and may lead to moral hazards. Conferring personhood on AI systems would also need to be accompanied with governance structures equivalent to those that accompany corporate legal personhood. Further, the metaphorical ghost of data as property needs to be exorcised.

  • 7 - Shareholder Engagement and Voting in Singapore

  • from Part I - Asia
  • Edited by Harpreet Kaur, Chao Xi, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Christoph Van der Elst, Tilburg University, The Netherlands, Anne Lafarre, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Shareholder Engagement and Voting
    Published online:
    10 September 2022
    Print publication:
    15 September 2022, pp 126-144

  • Summary

    This chapter focuses on shareholder voting and engagement of Singapore-incorporated companies and companies that are listed on Singapore Exchange. It explains the relationship between directors and shareholders, the formal and informal means of shareholder engagement, and shareholder rights relating to voting, asking questions and receiving information. Quite apart from the ‘law in the books’, the practice of shareholder engagement is illustrated with contentious and challenging examples, including related-party transactions, the delisting of proposals amounting to the expropriation of minority shareholders, dual-class structures and ‘say on pay’.

  • Association of genetic variants related to combined exposure to higher BMI and waist-to-hip ratio on lifelong cardiovascular risk in UK Biobank

  • Eric Yuk Fai Wan, Wing Tung Fung, Esther Yee Tak Yu, Will Ho Gi Cheng, Kam Suen Chan, Yuan Wang, Esther Wai Yin Chan, Ian Chi Kei Wong, Cindy Lo Kuen Lam
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 26 / Issue 2 / February 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    27 May 2022, pp. 416-424
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • Objective:

    This study examines the individual and combined association of BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with CVD risk using genetic scores of the obesity measurements as proxies.

    Design:

    A 2 × 2 factorial analysis approach was applied, with participants divided into four groups of lifetime exposure to low BMI and WHR, high BMI, high WHR, and high BMI and WHR based on weighted genetic risk scores. The difference in CVD risk across groups was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.

    Setting:

    Cohort study.

    Participants:

    A total of 408 003 participants were included from the prospective observational UK Biobank study.

    Results:

    A total of 58 429 CVD events were recorded. Compared to the low BMI and WHR genetic scores group, higher BMI or higher WHR genetic scores were associated with an increase in CVD risk (high WHR: OR, 1·07; 95 % CI (1·04, 1·10)); high BMI: OR, 1·12; 95 % CI (1·09, 1·16). A weak additive effect on CVD risk was found between BMI and WHR (high BMI and WHR: OR, 1·16; 95 % CI (1·12, 1·19)). Subgroup analysis showed similar patterns between different sex, age (<65, ≥65 years old), smoking status, Townsend deprivation index, fasting glucose level and medication uses, but lower systolic blood pressure was associated with higher CVD risk in obese participants.

    Conclusions:

    High BMI and WHR were associated with increased CVD risk, and their effects are weakly additive. Even though there were overlapping of effect, both BMI and WHR are important in assessing the CVD risk in the general population.

Comparative Takeover Regulation
  • Global and Asian Perspectives
  • Edited by Umakanth Varottil, Wai Yee Wan
  • Published online:
    13 October 2017
    Print publication:
    26 October 2017
  • While Western economies generally display dispersed shareholding in listed companies, Asian economies commonly have concentrated shareholding also in publicly listed companies. The principal analysis in Comparative Takeover Regulation relates to the role of takeover regulation in different economies. In the Asian context, the nature of takeover regulation may necessitate a different approach, with greater emphasis on the mandatory bids and disclosure of substantial shareholding. The likelihood of hostile takeovers will be minimal. It is these differences among various jurisdictions that strike at the heart of Varottil and Wan's new work. Ideal for educational institutions that teach corporate law, corporate governance, and mergers and acquisitions, as well as for law firms, corporate counsel and other practitioners, Comparative Takeover Regulation provides students and scholars with brand new analysis of this increasingly important field of study.

  • The enhancing effects of a chicken-meat extract on serum Ig concentrations in normal and scalded animals

  • Yan Chun Man, Chung Wai Yee, Wong Kwok Shing, Tang Pak Lai, Wan Koon Ching, Ko Kam Kei
  • Journal:
    British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 94 / Issue 1 / July 2005
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 March 2007, pp. 51-55
    Print publication:
    July 2005
    • Article
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  • The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a chicken-meat extract known as Essence of Chicken (EOC) on immune function in a normal and scalded animal model. In this experimental study, 120 rats were randomly allocated into three groups: a SHAM group (inflicted with a sham wound), a BURN group (inflicted with a full-thickness scald wound covering 30 % of total body surface area) and a CONTROL group. Rats in the SHAM and BURN groups were further divided into normal saline (NS)-fed and EOC-fed groups. They were fed by force-feeding with a feeding needle and blood samples were taken from each group on days 1, 8, 15 and 22 postburn. Serum IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations were determined by ELISA and the results of the EOC-fed and NS-fed cohorts of both the SHAM and BURN groups were compared. The level of significance was set at P<0·05. Serum IgG level of both SHAM-EOC and BURN-EOC cohorts showed significant elevation on day 8. IgA exhibited a significant increase in the SHAM-EOC group on day 15 and in the BURN-EOC group on day 22. A significant increase of IgM level was found on days 1 and 22 for the SHAM-EOC group and on day 15 for the BURN-EOC group. Conclusively, EOC was shown to have an enhancing effect on serum Ig levels for both normal and tissue-stressed rats. It is suggested that EOC may help improve immune function when the immune system is at normal status or when it faces a challenge.