The discovery of neuroleptics some 40 years ago brought about a revolution in the treatment of schizophrenia. Until then, schizophrenic patients were primarily treated with various forms of coma and shock therapy, and many were permanently confined in psychiatric hospitals. With the availability of neuroleptic medication, however, hospital stays have become considerably shorter and many patients can be returned home for out-patient care. In addition, psychosocial therapy for schizophrenic psychoses could not have been effective without the protective effect of neuroleptics.