This article examines the earliest examples of replication of bronze objects of complicated structure in China. It uses four quadrupeds from the Freer Gallery (National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution), the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, the British Museum, and the Yūrinkan Museum in Kyōto as examples to illustrate the complex technology required in replicating bronzes. It provides evidence to define identical bronzes and proves that the four quadrupeds shared the same decorated model. The application of section-mold casting, spacers, clay cores, and mold section assemblage will be examined using 3D scanning, X-ray photography, computerized tomography (CT) scanning, and alloy composition analysis.

Experiments on the National Ignition Facility show that multi-dimensional effects currently dominate the implosion performance. Low mode implosion symmetry and hydrodynamic instabilities seeded by capsule mounting features appear to be two key limiting factors for implosion performance. One reason these factors have a large impact on the performance of inertial confinement fusion implosions is the high convergence required to achieve high fusion gains. To tackle these problems, a predictable implosion platform is needed meaning experiments must trade-off high gain for performance. LANL has adopted three main approaches to develop a one-dimensional (1D) implosion platform where 1D means measured yield over the 1D clean calculation. A high adiabat, low convergence platform is being developed using beryllium capsules enabling larger case-to-capsule ratios to improve symmetry. The second approach is liquid fuel layers using wetted foam targets. With liquid fuel layers, the implosion convergence can be controlled via the initial vapor pressure set by the target fielding temperature. The last method is double shell targets. For double shells, the smaller inner shell houses the DT fuel and the convergence of this cavity is relatively small compared to hot spot ignition. However, double shell targets have a different set of trade-off versus advantages. Details for each of these approaches are described.

We present interferometric CO(3-2), HCO+(4-3) and 870 micron continuum images of the luminous infrared galaxy NGC 6240 obtained at the Submillimeter Array (SMA). Our spatially resolved CO (3–2) and HCO+(4–3) emission peaks between the two nuclear components that are known to both harbor AGNs. The kinematical information provided by the CO (3–2) emission shows a rotating disk centered around the northern AGN and a possible face-on disk around the southern AGN, but the kinematics of gas between the two nuclei is extremely turbulent.

A new virus that infects the harmful algal bloom-forming microalga Phaeocystis globosa was isolated from surface water in the English Channel off the coast of Plymouth, UK, in May 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA polymerase gene revealed the virus isolate, designated PgV-102P, belongs to the family Phycodnaviridae, a group of large double-stranded DNA viruses known to infect algae. Basic characterization of PgV-102P revealed it was a lytic virus with a relatively slow culture lysis period of 10-days. The genome size (176 kbp) and capsid diameter (98 nm) of PgV-102P fall at the bottom end of the range expected for phycodnaviruses. Interestingly, PgV-102P did not cluster with other P. globosa viruses; instead, it was more closely related to other prymnesioviruses that infect the marine prymnesiophyte Chrysochromulina brevifilum. We discuss the effectiveness of DNA polymerase as a diagnostic marker. Although it is ideal for determining what family or even genus an algal virus belongs to, it is clear that the DNA polymerase gene does not have sufficient resolution when looking for relationships within algal virus genera.

Nutrigenomics is the study of how constituents of the diet interact with genes, and their products, to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolise these constituents into nutrients, antinutrients, and bioactive compounds. Results from molecular and genetic epidemiological studies indicate that dietary unbalance can alter gene–nutrient interactions in ways that increase the risk of developing chronic disease. The interplay of human genetic variation and environmental factors will make identifying causative genes and nutrients a formidable, but not intractable, challenge. We provide specific recommendations for how to best meet this challenge and discuss the need for new methodologies and the use of comprehensive analyses of nutrient–genotype interactions involving large and diverse populations. The objective of the present paper is to stimulate discourse and collaboration among nutrigenomic researchers and stakeholders, a process that will lead to an increase in global health and wellness by reducing health disparities in developed and developing countries.

The focus of this paper is the electrical characterization of coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines that are printed onto nonwoven textile substrates using conductive inks, to determine their suitability for wide-band applications, e.g. digital signaling. The conductive ink line characterization tests included the defining of DC and Time-Domain Reflectometry metrics. The transmission line test samples were screen printed onto two different types of nonwoven textile substrates using two different conductive inks, i.e. inks with different viscosities. Tests showed that the variations in the continuity of the transmission lines varied, giving rise to geometrical variations in the CPW structure; and in the characterization of the same.

Torrentispora fibrosa gen. sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Annulatascaceae) is described based on specimens from submerged wood collected from streams in Tai Po Kau Forest Reserve, Hong Kong. T. fibrosa is characterized by immersed to superficial ascomata with a peridium of black cells arranged in irregular rows, wide septate paraphyses, long cylindrical asci with a relatively massive refractive apical ring, and unicellular ascospores with a fibrillar sheath. Illustrations from light and scanning electron microscopy are provided. It is compared with species in the genus Annulatascus, from which it differs in ascoma peridium and ascospore sheath morphology, and with other aquatic ascomycetes possessing ascospores with a similar fibrillar sheath structure.

We report first results from a multiwavelength campaign to measure the simultaneous spectrum of Sgr A* from cm to mm wavelengths. The observations confirm that the previously detected submm-excess is not due to variability; the presence of an ultracompact component with a size of a few Schwarzschild radii is inferred. In a VLA survey of LINER galaxies, we found Sgr A*-like nuclei in one quarter of the galaxies searched, suggesting a link between those low-power AGN and the Galactic Center.

Cubic SiC thin films have been grown by supersonic jet epitaxy of single molecular precursors on Si(100), Si(111) and Separation by IMplanted OXygen (SIMOX) silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates at temperatures in the range 780 - 1000 °C. Real-time, in situ optical reflectivity was used to monitor the film growth. Films were characterized by ellipsometry, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Monocrystalline, crack-free epitaxial cubic SiC thin films were successfully grown at 830 °C on carbonized Si(111) substrates using supersonic molecular jets of dimethylisopropylsilane, (CH3)2CHSiH(CH3)2, and diethylmethylsilane, (CH3CH2)2SiHCH3. Highly oriented cubic SiC thin films in the [100] direction were obtained on SIMOX(100) at 900 °C with dimethylisopropylsilane and on Si(100) at 1000 °C with diethylmethylsilane. A carbonized Si(100) surface was found to enhance SiC deposition from diethylmethylsilane at a growth temperature of 950 °C.

GaN was grown by supersonic jet epitaxy(SSJE), seeding triethylgallium in helium carrier gas. Activated nitrogen was supplied by a microwave plasma source. Single crystalline GaN films were deposited on the Si-face 6H-SiC and the c-plane sapphire substrates at 600–670°C. A cubic SiC buffer layer was grown onSi(111) at 800°C by SSJE using dichlorosilane, acetylene, and a high quality GaN crystal was grown on this template at 630°C. The materials high quality was proved by hard rectifying characteristics of a diode with an N-GaN/β-SiC/P-Si(111) structure.