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18 results

A Theory of Truth
  • Yannis Stephanou
  • Published online:
    07 October 2023
    Print publication:
    12 October 2023
  • How should we treat the liar and kindred paradoxes? A Theory of Truth argues that we should diverge from classical logic, and presents a new formal theory of truth. The theory does not incorporate contradictions and is not substructural, but deviates from classical logic significantly, and endorses principles like 'No sentence is both true and false' and 'No sentence is neither true nor false'. The book starts with an introduction to the paradoxes, suitable for newcomers to the subject, before presenting its approach. Four versions of the theory are covered, extending the theory to a determinacy operator and to a full first-order language with quantifiers. Each includes all Tarskian biconditionals that can be formulated in its language. The author uses original methods to prove the consistency of each version and compares the theory to alternative non-classical theories, including Field's paracomplete approach, Ripley's nontransitive system and Zardini's contraction-free calculus.

  • Disorder-specific cingulo-opercular network hyperconnectivity in pediatric OCD relative to pediatric anxiety

  • Hannah C. Becker, Luke J. Norman, Huan Yang, Christopher S. Monk, K. Luan Phan, Stephan F. Taylor, Yanni Liu, Kristin Mannella, Kate D. Fitzgerald
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 4 / March 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 August 2021, pp. 1468-1478
    • Article
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  • Background

    Prior investigation of adult patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has found greater functional connectivity within orbitofrontal–striatal–thalamic (OST) circuitry, as well as altered connectivity within and between large-scale brain networks such as the cingulo-opercular network (CON) and default mode network (DMN), relative to controls. However, as adult OCD patients often have high rates of co-morbid anxiety and long durations of illness, little is known about the functional connectivity of these networks in relation to OCD specifically, or in young patients near illness onset.

    Methods

    In this study, unmedicated female patients with OCD (ages 8–21 years, n = 23) were compared to age-matched female patients with anxiety disorders (n = 26), and healthy female youth (n = 44). Resting-state functional connectivity was used to determine the strength of functional connectivity within and between OST, CON, and DMN.

    Results

    Functional connectivity within the CON was significantly greater in the OCD group as compared to the anxiety and healthy control groups. Additionally, the OCD group displayed greater functional connectivity between OST and CON compared to the other two groups, which did not differ significantly from each other.

    Conclusions

    Our findings indicate that previously noted network connectivity differences in pediatric patients with OCD were likely not attributable to co-morbid anxiety disorders. Moreover, these results suggest that specific patterns of hyperconnectivity within CON and between CON and OST circuitry may characterize OCD relative to non-OCD anxiety disorders in youth. This study improves understanding of network dysfunction underlying pediatric OCD as compared to pediatric anxiety.