A Fresnel zone plate (FZP) is a micro-focusing optical element of synchrotron radiation hard X-ray. Our developed multilayer FZP produced a sub-micron size spot at the hard X-ray energy and the focusing efficiency is about 25%. However the higher efficiency FZP is required to utilize the sub-micron probe in microscopy, diffraction and imaging applications. A kinoform FZP composed of gradient refractive index phase zones has the advantage of a high focusing efficiency compared to the conventional multilayer FZP. In order to fabricate the kinoform FZP, we developed a computer-control system. The developed computer-control system automatically operates whole combinatorial deposition processes of the kinoform FZP by inputting the optical parameters of the FZP (focal length, X-ray wavelength, number of zones, zone materials).

SN1993J is very unique object which was discovered in the nearby Sb galaxy M81 (NGC 3031) on March 28. The first detection of the radio emission was at 22.5 GHz by the VLA only 5 days after the optical outburst. Subsequently X-ray emission was detected by ROSAT and ASCA at 6 days and 8 days after the explosion respectively. These emissions are expected when the SN shock front sweeps out the circumstellar matter (CSM). The early detection of radio and X-ray emission implies the existence of high-density CSM in the vicinity of the supernova(e.g.).