This study presents a new density filter for a pipe-shaped structure and its application to fluid topology optimization. A simple and straight pipe-shaped structure for fluid is preferred for many engineering purposes rather than the perplex manifold structure provided by the topology optimization method. To determine an optimal pipe structure for fluid, we develop a new density filter and apply it to fluid topology optimization. Hence, the original spatially varying design variables of the fluid topology optimization are modified based on the pipe density filter. Subsequently, the filter design variables, including a uniform pipe wall thickness and adjusted cross-section, are used for artificial pseudo-rigid bodies in fluid topology optimization. An additional constraint is imposed to maintain a nearly uniform pipe thickness. Several numerical examples are solved to demonstrate the validity of the present pipe density filter for fluid topology optimization problems minimizing the energy dissipation of the fluid and controlling the particles suspended in the fluid.

Focus here is placed on the pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of novel clay-drug hybrid materials categorized by methods of administration. Clay minerals have been used for many years as pharmaceutical and medicinal ingredients for therapeutic purposes. A number of studies have attempted to explore clay-drug hybrid materials for biomedical applications with desired functions, such as sustained release, increased solubility, enhanced adsorption, mucoadhesion, biocompatibility, targeting, etc. The present review attempts not only to summarize the state-of-the-art of clay-drug hybrid materials and their advantages, depending on the methods of administration, but also to deal with challenges and future perspectives of clay mineral-based hybrids for biomedical applications.

Let n be a nonnegative integer. For each composition $\alpha $ of n, Berg, Bergeron, Saliola, Serrano and Zabrocki introduced a cyclic indecomposable $H_n(0)$ -module $\mathcal {V}_{\alpha }$ with a dual immaculate quasisymmetric function as the image of the quasisymmetric characteristic. In this paper, we study $\mathcal {V}_{\alpha }$ s from the homological viewpoint. To be precise, we construct a minimal projective presentation of $\mathcal {V}_{\alpha }$ and a minimal injective presentation of $\mathcal {V}_{\alpha }$ as well. Using them, we compute $\mathrm {Ext}^1_{H_n(0)}(\mathcal {V}_{\alpha }, \mathbf {F}_{\beta })$ and $\mathrm {Ext}^1_{H_n(0)}( \mathbf {F}_{\beta }, \mathcal {V}_{\alpha })$ , where $\mathbf {F}_{\beta }$ is the simple $H_n(0)$ -module attached to a composition $\beta $ of n. We also compute $\mathrm {Ext}_{H_n(0)}^i(\mathcal {V}_{\alpha },\mathcal {V}_{\beta })$ when $i=0,1$ and $\beta \le _l \alpha $ , where $\le _l$ represents the lexicographic order on compositions.

The preparation of BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ (BAM) blue phosphor layer for a plasma display panel by the addition of a newly designed energetic dispersant (hereafter referred to as SAIT7) and its resulting photoluminescence (PL) efficiency is investigated. The addition of SAIT7 increases the maximum solids loading of BAM phosphor paste from 27.91 to 35.87 vol% and yields a highly packed microstructure of the phosphor layer. The PL intensity is increased by 7.57% compared to the BAM blue phosphor layer prepared without SAIT7. In conclusion, the addition of SAIT7 increased the packing density of the phosphor layer and resulted in improved luminescent properties of the phosphor layer.

A series of magnetic FeCoNiAl nanocapsules was synthesized by the plasma arc discharge method; the targets of Fe, Co, Ni, and Al powders were changed with varying compositions. The compositions of the nanocapsules were found to be quite different from those of the corresponding targets; the relative amount of Al (or Ni, Co) to Fe was increased (or decreased). Structures, particles sizes, composition, surface composition, magnetic properties, and thermal stability of the nanocapsules were investigated. The saturation magnetization Ms = 106.8 emu/g and coercive force iHc = 367 Oe were achieved for the nanocapsules with the Fe62.5Co21Ni13Al2.5 target. In the FeCoNiAl nanocapsules, the binding energies of Fe, Co, and Ni were different from those of the metals Fe, Co, and Ni. The binding energies of Fe2p3/2 and Fe2p1/2 of the nanocapsules were 708.2 and 721.3 eV, respectively. The four-layer structure was proposed to give a clear statement of how the composition and phase varied radially in the nanocapsules. The major contents of the four layers—i.e., the outer shell, the inner shell, the outer core and the inner core—were amorphous alumina, crystalline alumina, transition metal oxides, and transition metal alloy, respectively. The compositions, structures, particle size, and grain size of the nanocapsules all affect their magnetic properties. In the FeCoNiAl nanocapsules, the greater th amount of the body-centered-cubic phase, the stronger the ferromagnetic magnetic properties.