The influence of W on the temporal evolution of γ′ precipitation toward equilibrium in a model Ni-Al-Cr alloy is investigated by three-dimensional atom-probe (3DAP) microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We report on the alloys Ni-10 Al-8.5 Cr (at.%) and Ni-10 Al-8.5 Cr-2 W (at.%), which were aged isothermally in the γ + γ′ two-phase field at 1073 K, for times ranging from 0.25 to 264 h. Spheroidal-shaped γ′ precipitates, 5–15 nm diameter, form during quenching from above the solvus temperature in both alloys at a high number density (∼1023 m−3). As γ′ precipitates grow with aging at 1073 K, a transition from spheriodal- to cuboidal-shaped precipitates is observed in both alloys. The elemental partitioning and spatially resolved concentration profiles across the γ′ precipitates are obtained as a function of aging time from three-dimensional atom-by-atom reconstructions. Proximity histogram concentration profiles (Hellman et al., 2000) of the quaternary alloy demonstrate that W concentration gradients exist in γ′ precipitates in the as-quenched and 0.25-h aging states, which disappear after 1 h of aging. The diffusion coefficient of W in γ′ is estimated to be 6.2 × 10−20 m2 s−1 at 1073 K. The W addition decreases the coarsening rate constant, and leads to stronger partitioning of Al to γ′ and Cr to γ.

A Mo-rich precipitate in an Fe-rich matrix and the heterophase interface bounding the precipitate have been examined on an atomic scale by three-dimensional atom-probe (3DAP) microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Mo-rich precipitate was generated by isothermal solid-state decomposition at 500°C of an Fe-15 at.% Mo-5 at.% V alloy. After this heat treatment, TEM reveals a characteristic modulated strain contrast structure. The precipitate has a composition of Mo-13.0 at.% Fe-4.9 at.% V as measured by 3DAP microscopy. The alloy decomposes at a nearly constant 5 at.% V, constituting a metastable tie-line between Fe-rich and Mo-rich bcc solid solutions. The formation of the equilibrium intermetallic phases is kinetically impeded. A local vanadium enrichment of 21 at.% is detected at the interface of the precipitate in a matrix region about 0.27 nm or 1–2 atomic layers in thickness. The corresponding value of the Gibbsian interfacial excess of vanadium is 3.3 ± 1.3 nm−2.

The results of a three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) analysis, on a subnanometer scale, of a ceramic/metal heterophase interface, MgO/Cu, are presented. Segregation of Ag, from the Cu (Ag) matrix, at MgO/Cu interfaces is investigated and the Gibbsian interfacial excess of silver is determined; the range is 2.33 × 1018 to 5.81 × 1018 m−2. Also, silver segregation at the same MgO/Cu interfaces is analyzed employing a new approach that utilizes a proximity histogram or proxigram.