Dispositional Optimism in Christian Populations Compared to other Religious Groups: a Scoping Review

Introduction There are various ways people cope with life events. One can expect generalized positive or negative outcomes across various life domains, called dispositional optimism. This can be explained by attribution theory: how people explain past events, their causations, and outcomes. Understanding attribution styles is important to help people reframe current circumstances and improve mental wellbeing. Our hypothesis is that people of different religious groups may exhibit various levels of optimism and pessimism based on their values, teachings, and practices. Previous research has found that people of Christian faith, or those with a religious faith in general, look to their religion as a way of coping during life adversities. Certain religious practices such as prayers and Church gatherings have been found to improve mental health through increasing dispositional optimism. While the relationship between religiosity and mental health has been previously examined in different religious populations, there are few studies that focused on comparing this relationship across religions. Objectives The objective of this scoping review is to understand the link between religiosity and mental health, focusing primarily on how people of the Christian religion demonstrate dispositional optimism or pessimism when coping with adverse life events, compared to other religious groups or atheists. Methods This scoping review included original peer reviewed study articles that studied mental health in terms of dispositional optimism or pessimism in people of Christian religion compared to other religious groups. This review used online databases, Ovid MEDLINE and PsycInfo, and used extraction tables to analyze the results of past research. Results The results of this scoping review revealed that people of Christian religion, especially those high in religiosity, use their religion as a method of coping. This population also showed higher dispositional optimism compared to atheists or those that believe in other religions. However, when compared to other religions such as Buddhism and Muslim, Christian populations showed lower dispositional optimism. Conclusions It is evident that religious involvement is linked to aspects of mental health, but comparing the effects of different religions is still a topic of exploration that can be investigated further to allow deeper understanding of their similarities and differences, as well as the mechanisms by which religion can affect mental health. In this review, a gap in the body of knowledge regarding the relationship between religion and pessimism was revealed. Future research directions could include examining whether dispositional pessimism varies across religious groups, as it does not necessarily have a perfectly inverse relationship with optimism. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction: There is growing interest in the role of children's play in supporting children's mental health.Children's opportunitities for play vary according to the space available to them for play, with more adventurous play happening outdoors (Dodd et al., 2021).The area close to children's home, such as the street outside their home, can provide an important play space but, with increasing traffic, there has been a decrease in the use of local streets for play over the past generation or two.At the same time we have seen significant increases in children's mental health problems.Objectives: Our objectives were: 1) to examine how trends in street play have changed over time; 2) to examine how children's selfreported wellbeing is associated with their use of streets for play; 3) to examine how adult mental health is associated with their childhood street play experiences.Methods: Working in collaboration with Save the Children and Play England, we surveyed a nationally representative sample of 1000 children and young people aged 6-16 years, 1000 adults aged 18þ and 1000 parents of children aged 6-16 years about children's play in their local area and their memories of play during their own childhood.All participants also completed measures of wellbeing (children) or mental health (adults).Participants were recruited from Great Britian.Results: We found striking differences in the use of streets and local areas for play.For example, across all adults, 62% told us that they regularly played out in their street or area close to home as a child.In contrast 27% of children told us that they regularly play out now.By breaking down the proportion of participants who said they regularly played in their street or local area by their age group, their is a clear decline in outdoor street play over the past 70 years.We asked children about their wellbeing using the Stirling Children's Wellbeing Scale.Children who said that they regularly played out in their street had higher levels of positive emotion but this was only true for children under 13 years.Adults who told us that they regularly played out in their street or area close to their home as a child had better mental health as adults (lower scores on the K6).Similarly, adults who told us that there was freedom for children to go and explore in the neighbourhood they lived in as a child had better mental health as adults.Conclusions: Taken together these findings suggest that being able to play in the street or area close to home is linked to wellbeing during childhood and early adolescence and further, that having these expriences during childhood may be beneficial for mental health into adulthood.This indicates that when considering how to support the development of good mental health we should keep in mind the importance of children's opportunities for play and the role that access to their local enviornment plays in supporting play.Introduction: There are various ways people cope with life events.One can expect generalized positive or negative outcomes across various life domains, called dispositional optimism.This can be explained by attribution theory: how people explain past events, their causations, and outcomes.Understanding attribution styles is important to help people reframe current circumstances and improve mental wellbeing.Our hypothesis is that people of different religious groups may exhibit various levels of optimism and pessimism based on their values, teachings, and practices.Previous research has found that people of Christian faith, or those with a religious faith in general, look to their religion as a way of coping during life adversities.Certain religious practices such as prayers and Church gatherings have been found to improve mental health through increasing dispositional optimism.While the relationship between religiosity and mental health has been previously examined in different religious populations, there are few studies that focused on comparing this relationship across religions.Objectives: The objective of this scoping review is to understand the link between religiosity and mental health, focusing primarily on how people of the Christian religion demonstrate dispositional optimism or pessimism when coping with adverse life events, compared to other religious groups or atheists.Methods: This scoping review included original peer reviewed study articles that studied mental health in terms of dispositional optimism or pessimism in people of Christian religion compared to other religious groups.This review used online databases, Ovid MEDLINE and PsycInfo, and used extraction tables to analyze the results of past research.Results: The results of this scoping review revealed that people of Christian religion, especially those high in religiosity, use their religion as a method of coping.This population also showed higher dispositional optimism compared to atheists or those that believe in other religions.However, when compared to other religions such as Buddhism and Muslim, Christian populations showed lower dispositional optimism.Conclusions: It is evident that religious involvement is linked to aspects of mental health, but comparing the effects of different religions is still a topic of exploration that can be investigated further to allow deeper understanding of their similarities and differences, as well as the mechanisms by which religion can affect mental health.In this review, a gap in the body of knowledge regarding the relationship between religion and pessimism was revealed.Future research directions could include examining whether dispositional pessimism varies across religious groups, as it does not necessarily have a perfectly inverse relationship with optimism.

EPV0805
The wrinkles of the soul-a psychoneuroimmunological approach to aging Introduction: Psychoneuroimmunology is a discipline that has emerged over the past decades as a broad interdisciplinary field that closely observes the relationship between the psychological state, the nervous system, the endocrine system, and the immune system.The natural aging process leads to alterations in the immune functions, involving lymphocyte dysregulation, and therefore leading to a higher risk of developing coronary artery diseases, infectious diseases or even cancer.
Objectives: The aim of our inquiry is to evaluate the existing body of work with a focus on studies that observed the intricate connections between psychosocial factors and immunity.Methods: We performed a systematic review on PubMed and a targeted literature search concentrating on all the factors involved in immunosenescence and their consequences.Results: The causality between emotional stressors (acute or chronic), lack of social support, adverse life events, coping mechanisms, personality traits, as well as endocrine changes and multiple age-related pathologies is often undeniable.Other relevant factors include nutrition, sleep, physical activity and substance use.As people grow older, they face a number of psychosocial stressors, such as retirement, social isolation, loss of independence, low income, a decrease in productivity and also somatic comorbidities.These factors, together with an age-related decline in immune function, can constitute not only a psychosocial disadvantage of the elderly, but also a risk factor able to trigger further deterioration of the immune system.Conclusions: Age-associated alterations of the immune response represent a complex concept.Given that we are dealing with the phenomenon of aging in the general population, the field of psychoneuroimmunology can make a significant contribution in establishing the different mechanisms through which seniors can cushion the impact of stressors in regards to health and illness.Therefore, we can pave the way for an individualized approach and support for patients, as well as provide better therapeutic outcomes.

EPV0806
Autoimmunity associated with first psychotic episode.A Systematic review.
Introduction: Autoimmunity mechanisms involve many cells that produce inflammatory cytokines which damage different organs, like the brain.There is a relationship between neuropsychiatric diseases, such as psychosis, and autoimmune diseases.In this article we try to demonstrate that treating autoimmune diseases appropriately improves clinical evolution of patients with a first psychotic episode.Objectives: The purpose of this article is to emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to a first psychotic episode.It is very important to perform autoimmunity tests to rule out secondary psychoses, even more so if the patient does not respond correctly to treatment with antipsychotics, to improve his/her prognosis and quality of life.Methods: We performed a literature search of PubMed database using the following MeSH terms: "Autoimmune Diseases" and "Psychotic Disorders".134 studies were published between 2017-2022.We selected the original papers that analyzed the association between autoimmune diseases and first psychotic episodes.Finally, 18 were selected.Results: In secondary psychoses, early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying pathology can lead to rapid improvement.
Interest: None Declared EPV0804 Dispositional Optimism in Christian Populations Compared to other Religious Groups: a Scoping Review W. W. L. Cheung 1 *, C. Liu 1 and V. W. L. Tsang 2