Prevalence and Comorbidities of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adults and Children/Adolescents in Korea

Introduction: Objectives This study investigated the prevalence and comorbidities of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among adults and children/adolescents in Korea. Methods This study used data from the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service collected from 2008 to 2018. Study participants comprised patients with at least one diagnosis of ADHD (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Provisions, 10th revision code F90.0). Prevalence rates and psychiatric comorbidities were also analyzed. Results We identified 878,996 patients diagnosed with ADHD between 2008 and 2018. The overall prevalence rate of diagnosed ADHD increased steeply from 127.1/100,000 in 2008 to 192.9/100,000 in 2018; it increased 1.47 times in children/adolescents (≤ 18 years) and 10.1 times in adults (> 18 years) during this period. Among children/adolescent and adult ADHD patients, 61.84% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 61.74−61.93) and 78.72% (95% CI 78.53−78.91) had at least one psychiatric comorbidity, respectively. Conclusions Our results showed that the prevalence rate of diagnosed ADHD has increased in Korea; however, it is lower than the global average. Further studies are required to identify and treat vulnerable populations appropriately. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction: Previous researches have not distinguished betweenperson effects from within-person effects when exploring the relationship between self-esteem, coping styles, and anxiety symptoms among adolescents.Objectives: To address this gap, this study investigated reciprocal associations among self-esteem, coping styles, and anxiety symptoms in a three-wave longitudinal panel survey, using an analytical strategy that disaggregates within-person and between-person variance.Methods: The data was drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Adolescents' Mental and Behavioral Well-being Research study conducted in 10 public schools in the Guangdong province of China.All participants had a baseline visit (N = 1957, age 13.6, grades 7 and 10) and follow-up interviews at one-year intervals for 3 years.A random intercept cross-lagged panel model combined with mediation analysis was performed.Results: At the within-person level, following results were observed.(1) Low self-esteem and anxiety symptoms bidirectionally predicted each other.(2) Low self-esteem and negative coping style bidirectionally predicted each other.(3) Anxiety symptoms predicted subsequent negative coping style but not vice versa.At the between-person level, we obtained the following main results.
(1) Significant predictive effects on the random intercept were found among all three study constructs.(2) There were sex differences regarding the association between self-esteem and anxiety symptoms and the correlation strength of females was greater than that of males.(3) Self-esteem mediated the reciprocal relations between coping styles and anxiety symptoms.Conclusions: These results could be an important advance by elucidating the reciprocal relationships among self-esteem, coping styles, and anxiety symptoms at the within-person level, suggesting that interventions targeted at promoting self-esteem and cultivating positive coping style may help reduce adolescent anxiety.

EPV0223
Prevalence and Comorbidities of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adults and Children/ Adolescents in Korea Introduction: Children and adolescents treated with corticosteroids (CS) may experience psychiatric side effects, including psychotic symptoms.These can occur at any time during treatment, including withdrawal.There is evidence in the adult literature that higher doses of CS increase this risk.However, the dose-response relationship is not clearly identifiable.This is probably a reflection of the complexity of the effects of CS on the central nervous system and the body.Objectives: the objective of this study is to discuss the psychiatric manifestations secondary to corticosteroid therapy Methods: This is a descriptive study of 10 children with a history of somatic pathologies for which they were placed on oral, nasal, or intravenous corticosteroid therapy and who during the course of this corticosteroid therapy presented with various psychiatric manifestations.
Results: The majority of the children studied were male, i.e., 7 boys to 3 girls, six children either 60%, were on nasal corticosteroids; 20% on intravenous corticosteroids, ., 20% orally.The psychiatric manifestations noted were represented by : depressive disorder in 8 childrens Anxiety in 7 childrens a psychotic disorder in one child ADHD in 3 childrens.Conclusions: A causal role of corticosteroid therapy in the development of mental disorders in children and adolescents has been widely discussed but the results are controversial with respect to the route of administration, the relationship with the dose and the chronology of the development of mental disorders.Introduction: Autoimmune diseases play a role in the etiology of a range of psychotic disorders which has attracted increasing interest in recent decades.This hypothesis is supported by genetic findings linking markers related to the immune system and mental disorders, and by clinical studies revealing increased levels of inflammatory markers in patients with mental disorders Objectives: The objective of our work is to discuss the involvement of autoimmune diseases in the development of mental disorders in children and adolescents.Methods: We conducted our study through the analysis of three clinical observations.Results: These were three patients followed in the child psychiatry department for a characterized depressive disorder, an ASD and an acute psychotic attack, and in whom an autoimmune disease was revealed either in the history or on paraclinical explorations.Conclusions: It appears legitimate to evoke and search for these autoimmune pathologies among the other organic etiologies, in front of any child or adolescent presenting acute and atypical psychiatric symptoms, tables of cognitive regression and resistances to the usual treatments.Biological immunological examinations, even invasive ones, should be repeated, if necessary.

EPV0226
The metabolic syndrom and the prescription of psychotropic drugs in children and adolescents: three clinical cases Introduction: Antipsychotics have shown their interest in several pathologies of the child and the adolescent.However, in this vulnerable population, they are not without adverse effects.Depending on the type of molecule used, classical neuroleptics or second generation antipsychotics, but also within these own classes, the profile of tolerance and adverse effects differs.In this sense, children treated with psychotropic drugs have a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome compared to children who do not take this treatment.Objectives: The aim of this work is to discuss the metabolic syndrome in children treated with psychotropic drugs and this through three clinical vignettes.Methods: we conducted our study through an analysis of three clinical cases Results: It is about three children followed in the service of child psychiatry of the hospital Ar-razi of salé, aged respectively 11, 13 and 14 years, these children were put under psychotropic drugs for various mental disorders and developed during the evolution of metabolic side effects in particular a dyslipidemia, a diabetes of type 2 revealed by a diabetic ketoacidosis and a hyperprolactinemia.Conclusions: Systematic monitoring and preventive programs targeting weight gain and metabolic side effects should be an integral part of the overall management of adolescents on psychotropic medications.