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A Myriad of EU Member States’ Measures on Mandatory Country of Origin Labelling (COOL) of Food Compromise the EU Internal Market

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 November 2017

Ignacio CARREÑO  and
Tobias DOLLE
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European Journal of Risk Regulation , Volume 8 , Special Issue 4: Special Issue on the EU Public-Health-Security Nexus , December 2017 , pp. 779 - 786
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© Cambridge University Press 

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Footnotes

*

Ignacio Carreño and Tobias Dolle are Associates at FratiniVergano – European Lawyers, a law firm with offices in Brussels and Singapore that specialises in international trade and food law. An earlier version of this report appeared in Trade Perspectives©, Issue No 15 of 28 July 2017, available at <www.fratinivergano.eu/en/trade-perspectives/>. The authors wish to thank Paolo R Vergano for his valuable contributions to this article.

References

1 Commission Regulation (EC) No 1580/2007 of 21 December 2007 laying down implementing rules of Council Regulations (EC) No 2200/96, (EC) No 2201/96 and (EC) No 1182/2007 in the fruit and vegetable sector, OJ 2007 L 350/1.

2 Regulation (EC) No 1760/2000 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 July 2000 establishing a system for the identification and registration of bovine animals and regarding the labelling of beef and beef products, OJ 2000 L 204/1.

3 Council Regulation (EC) No 104/2000 of 17 December 1999 on the common organisation of the markets in fishery and aquaculture products, OJ 2000 L 17/22.

4 Commission Regulation (EC) No 1019/2002 of 13 June 2002 on marketing standards for olive oil, OJ 2002 L155/27.

5 Council Directive 2001/110/EC of 20 December 2001 relating to honey, OJ 2002 L 10/47.

6 Supra, note 2.

7 Art 5(4) of Commission Regulation (EC) No 543/2008 of 16 June 2008 laying down detailed rules for the application of Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 as regards the marketing standards for poultry meat, OJ 2008 L 157/46.

8 OJ 2011 L 304/18.

9 OJ 2013 L 335/19. For the legislative history, see, Carreño, Ignacio, “New EU rules on the country of origin labelling for meat of swine, sheep, goats and poultry” (2014) 2 EJRR 2013 Google Scholar.

10 For example: if the information accompanying the food or the label as a whole gives the impression that the food comes from a different country. This provision was already included in Art 3(1)(8) of the FIR’s predecessor, Directive 2000/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 March 2000 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the labelling, presentation and advertising of foodstuffs, OJ 2000 L 109/29–42.

11 Art 26(7) of the FIR.

12 Note from the General Secretariat of the Council to the Council of 10 July 2017 11135/17, AGRI 384, DENLEG 50, available at <http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-11135-2017-INIT/en/pdf> accessed 14 September 2017.

13 JORF n°0194 du 21 août 2016, texte n° 18.

14 Summary Report of the Standing Committee on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed held in Brussels on 12 April 2016, DG Sante document sante.ddg2.g.5(2016)2527400, available at <https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/reg-com_gfl_20160412_sum.pdf> accessed 14 September 2017.

15 Decreto 9 dicembre 2016 Indicazione dell’origine in etichetta della materia prima per il latte e i prodotti lattieri caseari, in attuazione del regolamento (UE) n 1169/2011, relativo alla fornitura di informazioni sugli alimenti ai consumatori. (17A00291) (GU Serie Generale n.15 del 19-1-2017), available at <www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2017-01-19&atto.codiceRedazionale=17A00291&elenco30giorni=true> accessed 14 September 2017.

16 Art 3 of the French Decree and Art 2(1) of the Italian Decree.

17 Art 4 of the French Decree and Art 2(2) of the Italian Decree.

18 Art 4, para 3 of the French Decree.

19 Art 6 of the French Decree and Art 6 of the Italian Decree.

20 See “New legislation requires origin info for milk, meat labels”, yle.fi, <https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/new_legislation_requires_origin_info_for_milk_meat_labels/9643331> accessed 14 September 2017.

21 Greece had already notified its plans to introduce COOL for milk and dairy products in September 2016. On 7 September 2017 the Greek Minister of Agriculture announced that the Bill would be discussed in the Greek parliament shortly and should enter into force in 2018.

22 In June 2017, the Romanian Parliament amended its May 2016 COOL requirements for milk and dairy products. The 2016 law was not enforced due to EU-related procedural deficiencies, as Romania had not ratified the measure to the Commission. The amended text mandates that dairy processors must specify on the label the country of origin or the place of provenance making up the largest percentage of the product composition. The amended COOL law is expected to enter into force on 1 January 2018.

23 Draft Royal Decree on the indication of the origin of milk used as raw material on the labelling of milk and milk products, available at <http://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/tris/en/index.cfm/search/?trisaction=search.detail&year=2017&num=421&mLang=en&CFID=3975993&CFTOKEN=5a2a13980b5e2de8-02C192DE-F48D-FF64-8953820503FAFBEE> accessed 14 September 2017. See also: Vidal Maté, “Agricultura obligará a poner el país de origen en los productos lácteos”, 13 February 2017, available at <http://economia.elpais.com/economia/2017/02/12/actualidad/1486909504_261825.html> accessed 14 September 2017.

24 The Summary Report of the SCPAFF on 13-14 September 2016 addresses all three countries: see <https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/reg-com_gfl_20160913_sum.pdf> accessed 14 September 2017.

25 Summary Report of the SCPAFF on 10 October 2016, available at <https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/reg-com_gfl_20161010_sum.pdf> accessed 14 September 2017.

26 Case 8-74, Judgment of the Court of 11 July 1974, Procureur du Roi v Benoît and Gustave Dassonville. Reference for a preliminary ruling: Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles – Belgium, ECR 1974-00837.

27 Case C-265/95, Judgment of the Court of 9 December 1997, Commission of the European Communities v French Republic, ECR 1997 I-06959.

28 See also Luis González Vaqué, “¿El Decreto francés sobre la obligatoriedad de indicar el origen de algunos ingredientes, pone en peligro el Mercado único alimentario” (2016) 22 BoDiAlCo 13, Asociación Iberoamericana para el Derecho Alimentario, 9 September 2016, <https://works.bepress.com/luis_gonzalez_vaque/214/> accessed 14 September 2017.

29 Theo Ioannou, “Greece’s Mandatory Milk Labelling Plan Meets Opposition from Dairy Industry”, Greek Reporter, 13 September 2017, available at <http://greece.greekreporter.com/2017/09/13/greeces-mandatory-milk-labelling-plan-meets-opposition-from-dairy-industry/> accessed 14 September 2017.

30 Note from the General Secretariat of the Council to the Council of 10 July 2017 11135/17, AGRI 384, DENLEG 50, pp 2–4, available at <http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-11135-2017-INIT/en/pdf> accessed 14 September 2017.

31 See the following articles: N Michail, “Romanian & Hungarian local food laws breach EU single market” Food Navigator, 17 February 2017 <www.foodnavigator.com/Policy/Romanian-Hungarian-local-food-laws-breach-EU-single-market-Commission> accessed 14 September 2017; N Michail, “Romania to require supermarkets to sell 51% local food”, 20 June 2016 <www.foodnavigator.com/Policy/Romanian-local-food-law-for-supermarkets> accessed 14 September 2017; K Merten-Lentz, “Analysis: the proliferation of country-of-origin labelling”, Lexology, 19 June 2017 <www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=017db9cc-14dd-4430-8775-39a50b5765ae> accessed 25 September 2017.

32 S Awater-Esper, “Schulz verspricht Herkunftskennzeichnung”, 21 June 2017, <www.topagrar.com/news/Home-top-News-Schulz-verspricht-Herkunftskennzeichnung-8328674.html> accessed 14 September 2017.

33 Romania, Law amending and supplementing Apiculture Law No 383/2013, available at <http://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/tris/nview.cfm?p=2017_344_EN_EN> accessed 14 September 2017.

34 For an assessment of the EU’s international trade obligations as regards COOL, see Carreño, I, Dolle, T and Rovnov, Y, “Country of origin labelling (COOL) on the rise in EU Member States – An analysis under EU law and the EU’s international trade obligations” (2017) 8(2) EJRR 414 Google Scholar.