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An integrated fish–plankton aquaculture system in brackish water

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2012

S. Gilles ,
L. Fargier ,
X. Lazzaro ,
E. Baras ,
N. De Wilde ,
C. Drakidès ,
C. Amiel ,
B. Rispal  and
J-P. Blancheton
S. Gilles*
Affiliation:
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 226, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), apartado postal 185, 99422 Iquitos, Peru
L. Fargier
Affiliation:
LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 6250 CNRS, Université de La Rochelle, 17000 La Rochelle, France
X. Lazzaro
Affiliation:
IRD, UMR 207 BOREA, Unidad de Limnología y Recursos Acuáticos (ULRA), Universidad Mayor se San Simón (UMSS), CP 2352, Cochabamba, Bolivia
E. Baras
Affiliation:
IRD, UMR 226, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), GAMET, BP 5095, 361 rue Jean-François Breton, 34196 Montpellier cedex 5, France
N. De Wilde
Affiliation:
Tropo Farms Ltd, PO Box OS-2404, Osu, Accra, Ghana
C. Drakidès
Affiliation:
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydroscience, UMR 5569, Université Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
C. Amiel
Affiliation:
Université de Montpellier 2 – Creufop, Station Méditerranéenne d'Environnement Littoral, 1, quai de la daurade, 34200 Sète, France
B. Rispal
Affiliation:
1, rue de plaisance, 92340, Bourg-la-Reine, France
J-P. Blancheton
Affiliation:
Ifremer, Laboratoire Aquaculture Languedoc-Roussillon, Station Ifremer de Palavas, Chemin de Maguelone, 34250, Palavas-Les-Flots. UMR ECOSYM, USTL, place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France
*
†E-mail: sylvain.gilles@ird.fr
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Abstract

Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture takes advantage of the mutualism between some detritivorous fish and phytoplankton. The fish recycle nutrients by consuming live (and dead) algae and provide the inorganic carbon to fuel the growth of live algae. In the meanwhile, algae purify the water and generate the oxygen required by fishes. Such mechanism stabilizes the functioning of an artificially recycling ecosystem, as exemplified by combining the euryhaline tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii and the unicellular alga Chlorella sp. Feed addition in this ecosystem results in faster fish growth but also in an increase in phytoplankton biomass, which must be limited. In the prototype described here, the algal population control is exerted by herbivorous zooplankton growing in a separate pond connected in parallel to the fish–algae ecosystem. The zooplankton production is then consumed by tilapia, particularly by the fry and juveniles, when water is returned to the main circuit. Chlorella sp. and Brachionus plicatilis are two planktonic species that have spontaneously colonized the brackish water of the prototype, which was set-up in Senegal along the Atlantic Ocean shoreline. In our system, water was entirely recycled and only evaporation was compensated (1.5% volume/day). Sediment, which accumulated in the zooplankton pond, was the only trophic cul-de-sac. The system was temporarily destabilized following an accidental rotifer invasion in the main circuit. This caused Chlorella disappearance and replacement by opportunist algae, not consumed by Brachionus. Following the entire consumption of the Brachionus population by tilapias, Chlorella predominated again. Our artificial ecosystem combining S. m. heudelotii, Chlorella and B. plicatilis thus appeared to be resilient. This farming system was operated over one year with a fish productivity of 1.85 kg/m2 per year during the cold season (January to April).

Keywords

IMTAtilapiaChlorellaBrachionus plicatilisphotosynthetic recycling aquaculture system
Type
Farming systems and environment
Information
animal , Volume 7 , Issue 2 , February 2013 , pp. 322 - 329
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2012

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