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Citizens United: A Theoretical Evaluation*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 April 2017

Carlo Prato  and
Stephane Wolton
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Abstract

The 2010 US Supreme Court’s decision on Citizens United v. Federal Electoral Commission lifted restrictions on the funding by unions and corporations of groups engaging in independent political advertising (outside spending). Many have criticized the majority opinion’s premise that outside spending cannot corrupt or distort the electoral process. Fewer have examined the implications of this decision under the Court’s assumptions. Using a game-theoretic model of electoral competition, we show that informative outside spending by a group whose policy preferences are partially aligned with the electorate may reduce voter welfare. This negative effect is more likely when policy information is highly valuable for the electorate or congruence between the group and voters is high. We further show that the regulatory environment produced by the Court’s decision is always suboptimal: the electorate would be better off if either groups were allowed to coordinated with candidates or if outside spending was banned altogether.

Type
Research Notes
Information
Political Science Research and Methods , Volume 5 , Issue 3 , July 2017 , pp. 567 - 574
Copyright
© The European Political Science Association 2017 

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Footnotes

*

Carlo Prato, Department of Political Science, Columbia University, 420 W. 118th St., New York, NY 10027 (cp2928@columbia.edu). Stephane Wolton, Department of Government, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE (s.wolton@lse.ac.uk). The authors thank Ethan Bueno de Mesquita as well as conference participants at the Conference in Honor of Norman Schofield at Washington University, Saint Louis. All remaining errors are the authors’ responsibility. To view supplementary material for this article, please visit https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2017.7

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