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Invocation in the Age of Eisenhower

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2018

Abstract

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Type
Take Three: Prayer
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Cambridge University Press 

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References

1 “Text of Billy Graham's Sermon Opening His Crusade in Madison Square Garden,” New York Times, May 16, 1957, 22.

2 Morris Kaplan, “Graham Crusade Extended Again,” New York Times, Aug. 4, 1957, 64; George Dugan, “Graham Crusade Termed a Record,” New York Times, Aug. 30, 1957, 21.

3 Wacker, Grant, America's Pastor: Billy Graham and the Shaping of a Nation (Cambridge, MA, 2014), 14CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

4 See, for instance, Luhrmann, T. M., When God Talks Back: Understanding the American Evangelical Relationship with God (New York, 2012)Google Scholar.

5 On prayer and political mobilization, see Calfano, Brian Robert, “God Talk: Religious Cues and Electoral Support,” Political Research Quarterly 62, no. 2 (June 2009): 329–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

6 “Text of Billy Graham's Sermon.”

7 “Call to a Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom,” Apr. 5, 1957, Minutes, Conference on Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom, Martin Luther King Papers, box 2, Martin Luther King, Jr. Papers Project, Atlanta, GA.

8 “Negroes to Mass in Capital May 17,” New York Times, Apr. 6, 1957, 11.

9 Alfred Duckett, “The Old Pro Vs. The New Voice,” Chicago Defender, June 1, 1957, 4.

10 Quoted in Taylor, Cynthia, A. Philip Randolph: The Religious Journey of an African American Labor Leader (New York, 2005), 215Google Scholar.

11 Duckett, “The Old Pro Vs. The New Voice”; James L. Hicks, “King Emerges As Top Negro Leader,” New York Amsterdam News, June 1, 1957, 1.

12 Martin Luther King, Jr., “Give Us the Ballot,” May 17, 1957, Martin Luther King, Jr. Papers, 210, 212.

13 W. H. Lawrence, “President and Wife Doff Shoes at Rites Dedicating Mosque,” New York Times, June 29, 1957, 1.

14 Mary Van Rensselaer Thayer, “Allah's Blessings Will Be On President at Dedication,” Washington Post and Times Herald, June 19, 1957, C4.

15 As quoted in Thayer, “Allah's Blessings Will Be On President at Dedication.”

16 Derek H. Davis, Religion and the Continental Congress: Contributions to Original Intent, 1774–1789 (New York, 2000), 90.

17 “Eisenhower's 1957 Speech at Islamic Center of Washington,” available online at Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Abilene, Kansas (DDEL), http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=10824 (accessed August 28, 2017).

18 See Wall, Wendy, Inventing the “American Way”: The Politics of Consensus from the New Deal to the Civil Rights Movement (New York, 2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Schultz, Kevin M., Tri-Faith America: How Catholics and Jews Held Postwar America to Its Protestant Promise (New York, 2011)Google Scholar.

19 “Memorandum for the President,” John Foster Dulles to Dwight D. Eisenhower, June 19, 1957, Dulles, folder John Foster June ’57, box 58, Dulles-Herter Series, Papers of Dwight D. Eisenhower as President, 1953–1961, DDEL.

20 Memorandum for Files, Aug. 9, 1957, Reaction to President's Islamic Center Address, Aug. 1957, Aug. 1957-Memo on Appts. folder (1), box 26, DDE Diaries Series, Papers of Dwight D. Eisenhower as President, 1953–1961, DDEL.

21 George Barrett, “Record Mail Backs U.N. Prayer Room,” New York Times, May 22, 1949, 17.

22 Sample letters quoted in Barrett, “Record Mail Backs U.N. Prayer Room,” 17.

23 “Fund Lack Blocks U.N. Prayer Room,” New York Times, Sept. 12, 1952, 11.

24 “Meditation Room Spell Is Broken,” Washington Post and Times Herald, Apr. 19, 1957, A4.

25 “A Room of Quiet: The Meditation Room, United Nations Headquarters,” http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/dag/meditationroom.htm (Accessed Aug. 28, 2017).

26 Adlai E. Stevenson, “A Man Brave in Spirit, a Man of Wide-Ranging Enthusiasm,” New York Times, Apr. 14, 1963, 329.

27 See Burack, Cynthia, “The Politics of a Praying Nation: The Presidential Prayer Team and Christian Right Sexual Morality,” The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture 26, no. 2 (Summer 2014): 215–29CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

28 Michael Lipka, “5 Facts About Prayer,” May 4, 2016, Pew Research Center, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/05/04/5-facts-about-prayer/ (Accessed Aug. 27, 2017). Also comments by Matthew Hedstrom on Dag Hammarskjöld and “nones,” delivered at the Fifth Biennial Conference on Religion and American Culture, 2017, http://raac.iupui.edu/publications/conference-proceedings/ (accessed Sept. 2, 2017).