2023 Relationship power imbalance and history of male partner HIV testing among pregnant women in central Uganda

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: We investigated the association between relationship power imbalance (which can have a negative impact on HIV prevention) and male partner HIV testing, using baseline data from a HIV self-testing trial in 3 antenatal clinics in central Uganda. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Pregnant women with HIV-male partners were recruited and randomized by day into standard of care or intervention (HIV self-testing kits). Analyses were performed in SAS 9.4, with χ2 tests and p<0.05 for significance. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 1514 women were recruited (737 standard of care, 777 intervention). Overall, 39.6% of male partners had previously tested for HIV. Among women <26, contributions to expenses differed by partner testing (overall p<0.001, 47.6% of women whose partners tested made no contribution vs. 63.2% of women whose partners did not test). Relationship status differed by partner testing (overall p=0.02, 12.4% of women whose partners tested showed a sometimes difficult relationship vs. 5.7% of women whose partners did not test). Among women 26+, decision making for family visits differed by partner testing (overall p=0.005, 52.9% of women made joint decisions with partners who tested vs. 36.5% whose partners did not test). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Higher relationship power balance was associated with higher HIV testing among male partners when measured by contribution to expenses and decision making for family visits, but not relationship status. Relationship power balance should be considered when counseling women and men to increase HIV testing.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The aim of this study is to determine whether quantitative measures of knee structures including effusion, bone marrow lesions, cartilage, and meniscal damage can improve upon an existing model of demographic and clinical characteristics to classify accelerated knee osteoarthritis (AKOA). METHODS/STUDY POPULA-TION: We conducted a case-control study using data from baseline and four annual follow-up visits from the osteoarthritis initiative. Participants had no radiographic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) at baseline. AKOA is defined as progressing from no KOA to advance-stage KOA in at least 1 knee within 48 months. AKOA knees were matched 1:1 based on sex to (1) participants who did not develop KOA within 48 months and (2) participants who developed KOA but not AKOA. Analyses were person based. Classification and regression tree analysis was used to determine the important variables and percent of variance explained. RESULTS/ANTICI-PATED RESULTS: A previous classification and regression tree analysis found that age, BMI, serum glucose, and femorotibial angle explained 31% of the variability between those who did and did not develop AKOA. Including structural measurements as candidate variables yielded a model that included effusion, BMI, serum glucose, cruciate ligament degeneration and coronal slope and explained 39% of the variability. DISCUSSION/ SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Knee structural measurements improve classification of participants who developed AKOA Versus those who did not. Further research is needed to better classify patients at risk for AKOA.

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Radiofrequency renal denervation attenuates kidney fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats Juan Gao, Ian B. Denys 1 , Luis Del Valle 2 , Mihran V. Naljayan 3 and Daniel R. Kapusta 1 1 Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, LSUHSC; 2 Department of Pathology and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSUHSC; 3 Department of Nephrology, LSUHSC OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The goal of this study was to investigate whether RF-RDN attenuates renal fibrosis and inflammation in SHR with established hypertension. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Twenty-twoweek-old SHR received bilateral RF-RDN or Sham-RDN (Biosense Webster Stockert 70 generator and RF-probe). Four weeks later, SHR were sacrificed and paraffin sections of kidneys were stained for fibrosis by Masson's trichrome staining. Kidney tissue were homogenized for measurement of cytokines levels by ELISA. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The results showed that Sham-RDN treated SHR had extensive fibrosis as demonstrated by moderate thickening of Bowman's capsule, collagen deposition in glomerulus, extensive tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and segmental glomerulosclerosis. In contrast, RF-RDN significantly reduced each of these pathological components of fibrosis in kidney cortex and medulla as compared with Sham-RDN treated kidneys. In other studies, RF-RDN decreased B cells, CD4 + T cells, and CD8 + T cells in the kidney of SHR as measured by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, kidney tissue levels of IL-17, INF-γ, MIP-3a, TNF-α, and TGF-β were decreased as compared with respective levels in Sham-RDN. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Together, these findings demonstrate that removal of the influence of heightened renal sympathetic activity by RF-RDN decreases kidney inflammatory markers and attenuates renal fibrosis in hypertensive SHR. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers reduce the incidence of diabetic retinopathy. Beneficial effects of RAS blockers are often attributed to production of angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang1-7). The objective here is to determine the impact of Ang1-7 on retinal protein O-GlcNAcylation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: C57/BL6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks and then treated for 3 weeks with either a vehicle control, the RAS blocker captopril, or captopril and the Ang1-7 receptor antagonist A779. R28 cells were used to assess levels of O-GlcNAcylated proteins in response to Ang1-7, and the role of cAMP was investigated with addition of forskolin, 6-Bnz-cAMP-AM, and 8-pCPT-2-O-Me-cAMP-AM to cell culture medium. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Captopril attenuated retinal protein O-GlcNAcylation in mice fed a high-fat diet. This effect was reversed by A779. Ang1-7 attenuated protein O-GlcNAcylation and increased cAMP levels. Forskolin and the EPAC selective cAMP analog 8-pCPT-2-O-Me-cAMP-AM, but not the PKA selective cAMP analog 6-Bnz-cAMP-AM, attenuated O-GlcNAcylation. Inhibiting EPAC blocked the effect of forskolin, whereas inhibiting PKA did not. DISCUSSION/ SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This study demonstrates a novel role for Ang1-7 in the retina and identifies a potential EPAC-dependent mechanism that regulates protein O-GlcNAcylation. Thus, future therapeutics targeted at an Ang1-7/EPAC axis in retina may be used to address DR.

2023
Relationship power imbalance and history of male partner HIV testing among pregnant women in central Uganda cambridge.org/jcts OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: We investigated the association between relationship power imbalance (which can have a negative impact on HIV prevention) and male partner HIV testing, using baseline data from a HIV self-testing trial in 3 antenatal clinics in central Uganda. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Pregnant women with HIV-male partners were recruited and randomized by day into standard of care or intervention (HIV self-testing kits). Analyses were performed in SAS 9.4, with χ 2 tests and p < 0.05 for significance. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 1514 women were recruited (737 standard of care, 777 intervention). Overall, 39.6% of male partners had previously tested for HIV. Among women <26, contributions to expenses differed by partner testing (overall p < 0.001, 47.6% of women whose partners tested made no contribution vs. 63.2% of women whose partners did not test). Relationship status differed by partner testing (overall p = 0.02, 12.4% of women whose partners tested showed a sometimes difficult relationship vs. 5.7% of women whose partners did not test). Among women 26 + , decision making for family visits differed by partner testing (overall p = 0.005, 52.9% of women made joint decisions with partners who tested vs. 36.5% whose partners did not test). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Higher relationship power balance was associated with higher HIV testing among male partners when measured by contribution to expenses and decision making for family visits, but not relationship status. Relationship power balance should be considered when counseling women and men to increase HIV testing.

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Reward-based learning as a function of the severity of substance abuse risk in drug-naive youth Muhammad A. Parvaz, Kristen Kim, Sean Froudist-Walsh, Jeffrey H. Newcorn and Iliyan Ivanov Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Deficits in reward-based learning have been shown in youth at risk for developing substance use disorders (SUD). Here, we investigated whether computational models can be used to more precisely delineate the additive effects of such risk loading (i.e., the comparison between youth with ADHD, and those with ADHD and familial SUD) on reward-based learning in youth. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In total, 41 drug-naïve youth, stratified into 3 groups based on ADHD diagnosis and parental SUD: healthy controls (HC, n = 13; neither ADHD nor parental SUD), low risk (LR, n = 13; ADHD only), and high risk (HR, n = 15; both ADHD and parental SUD), performed a reward task. Learning rates, prediction and congruence t-scores were computed using a reinforcement learning model and analyzed via a multivariate ANOVA. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The analyses showed a significant linear effect in task accuracy, which decreased with increasing risk profiles. Analyses of the model-derived variables also showed similar significant linear effects in learning rates and the congruence t-score, but not in the prediction t-score. These effects were primarily driven by significantly higher learning rate and congruence t-score in HC compared with HR youth. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These results show most profound deficits in reward-learning in HR youth. These findings also show that computational analyses can offer added value over conventional behavioral analyses by more precisely evaluating group differences in relation to SUD risk.

2173
RNA-nanoparticles to enhance and track dendritic cell migration