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Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the liver amphistome Explanatum explanatum (Creplin, 1847) Fukui, 1929 in ruminants from Bangladesh and Nepal based on nuclear ribosomal ITS2 and mitochondrial nad1 sequences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 June 2016

U.K. Mohanta ,
H.B. Rana ,
B. Devkota  and
T. Itagaki
U.K. Mohanta
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3–18–8, Morioka 020–8550, Japan Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1–1, Gifu 501–1193, Japan
H.B. Rana
Affiliation:
Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Chitwan, Nepal
B. Devkota
Affiliation:
Center for Biotechnology, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
T. Itagaki*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3–18–8, Morioka 020–8550, Japan Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1–1, Gifu 501–1193, Japan
*
*Fax: +81 19 621 6219 E-mail: itagaki@iwate-u.ac.jp
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Abstract

Explanatum explanatum flukes, liver amphistomes of ruminants, cause significant economic loss in the livestock industry by inducing severe liver damage. A total of 66 flukes from 26 buffaloes and 7 cattle in four different geographic areas of Bangladesh and 20 flukes from 10 buffaloes in the Chitwan district of Nepal were subjected for analysis. The sequences (442 bp) of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA and the variable fragments (657 bp) of mitochondrial nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) of E. explanatum flukes from Bangladesh and Nepal were analysed. The aim of this study was molecular characterization of the flukes and to elucidate their origin and biogeography. In the ITS2 region, two genotypes were detected among the flukes from Bangladesh, while flukes from Nepal were of only one genotype. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from the nad1 gene revealed that at least four divergent populations (groups I–IV) are distributed in Bangladesh, whereas two divergent populations were found to be distributed in Nepal. Fst values (pairwise fixation index) suggest that Bangladeshi and Nepalese populations of group I to IV are significantly different from each other; but within groups III and IV, the populations from Bangladesh and Nepal were genetically close. This divergence in the nad1 gene indicates that each lineage of E. explanatum from diverse geography was co-adapted during the multiple domestication events of ruminants. This study, for the first time, provides molecular characterization of E. explanatum in Bangladesh and Nepal, and may provide useful information for elucidating its origin and dispersal route in Asia.

Type
Research Papers
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 91 , Issue 4 , July 2017 , pp. 497 - 503
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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