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Development and survival of Ascaris suum eggs in deep litter of pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2014

KIRAN KUMAR KATAKAM ,
STIG MILAN THAMSBORG ,
NIELS CHRISTIAN KYVSGAARD ,
ANDERS DALSGAARD  and
HELENA MEJER
KIRAN KUMAR KATAKAM
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
STIG MILAN THAMSBORG
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
NIELS CHRISTIAN KYVSGAARD
Affiliation:
Section for Veterinary Medicine, Danish Health and Medicines Authority, Copenhagen, Denmark
ANDERS DALSGAARD
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
HELENA MEJER*
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. E-mail: hem@sund.ku.dk
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Summary

Indoor transmission of Ascaris suum partly depends on the physico-chemical conditions in bedding material. Temperature, pH, aqueous ammonia, moisture, occurrence and development of A. suum eggs were therefore compared in different areas (resting, intermediate and latrine) of two deep litter pens on an organic farm in four seasons. There was some variation, but mean ammonia levels were generally very low (1·0–2·6 mm) and pH levels were moderate (8·04–8·88) in all three areas. Relatively, resting areas were characterized by overall moderate moisture (36%) and moderately high temperature (35·7 °C) levels. The area contained few eggs (50 eggs g−1 DM) of which 17% were viable, and though only 4% were larvated and 0·7% appeared infective, it was more than in the other areas. Intermediate areas had moderate moisture (43%) and high temperature (43·6 °C) levels. There were many eggs (523 eggs g−1 DM), but overall viability was very low (5%) and few eggs were larvated (0·004%) or even infective (0·002%). Latrines typically had high moisture (79%) and moderate temperature (30 °C) levels. The concentration of eggs was very high (1444 egg g−1 DM) and though 32% were viable, none had developed larval stages. The large majority of A. suum eggs appear to die and only few become infective while in the deep litter. However, a large fraction of eggs may remain viable for some time and could thus contaminate agricultural land and develop to infectivity, if the manure is not composted appropriately.

Keywords

deep litterbedding materialAscaris suum eggsdevelopmentviabilitytemperatureammoniapHmoisture
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 141 , Issue 12 , October 2014 , pp. 1646 - 1656
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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