\documentclass{CUP-JNL-DCE}


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\usepackage[authoryear]{natbib}
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\usepackage{times}
\usepackage{sourcesanspro}
\usepackage{newtxmath}
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\usepackage{lipsum}
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\articletype{TRANSLATIONAL ARTICLE}
\jname{Data-Centric Engineering}
%\artid{20}
\jyear{2020}
%\jvol{4}
%\jissue{1}
\jdoi{10.1017/dce.2020.7}
%\raggedbottom

\DeclareGraphicsRule{.tif}{eps}{.tif.bb}{`tiff2ps #1}

\begin{document}

\begin{Frontmatter}

\title[Constructing Digital Twins for Manufacturing]
{Example title: Evaluating probabilistic forecasts for maritime engineering operations}

\author[1]{First Author}\orcid{0000-0002-8514-4315}
\author*[2]{Second Author}\email{example@cambridge.org}
\author[2]{Third Author}


\authormark{First Author \textit{et al.}}

\address[1]{\orgdiv{Graduate School or Faculty}, \orgname{Example Institute}, \state{City}, \country{Country}}

\address*[2]{\orgdiv{FGraduate School or Faculty}, \orgname{Example Institute}, \state{City}, \country{Country}}

\received{31 January 2020}
\revised{01 May 2020}
\accepted{06 May 2020}

\keywords{offshore engineering; probabilistic forecasting; proper scoring rules; surface winds}

\abstract{An abstract should be included, stating that this is a Translational Article and summarizing the aim, approach and any findings (250 words). Note that we welcome video abstracts. See the DCE Instructions for Authors: \url{https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/data-centric-engineering/information/author-instructions/preparing-your-materials} }

\begin{policy}[Impact Statement]
Provide a 200 word impact statement that summarises the significance of the article in language that can be quickly grasped by a wide audience (including industry, government and wider academia).
\end{policy}

\end{Frontmatter}


\section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
The Translational Section of DCE explores the role of computing in the data-driven world by introducing a new publications model, designed for academics, practitioners, and industry professionals, this publication acts as a catalyst for engagement with end-user organizations, effectively communicate the impact of their work to a broader audience, and receive recognition for their efforts. The focus is on creating engineering systems, or parts of systems, and tools where real-world data is collected, processed, and analyzed to support the needs of individuals and society “in the wild” outside the lab, in a testbed or full deployment. This field presents deep challenges in system design, data management, data collection, machine learning, and data science, among others. The journal focuses on applications in areas such as healthcare management, hardware innovations, data-driven manufacturing, and data-driven sustainability. As an emerging field, Data-Centric Engineering has the potential to bring about significant progress against societal and economic challenges when deployed in real-world settings. As these technologies continue to evolve at an increasing pace, it becomes crucial to have a pathway that enables impact at scale and facilitates knowledge transfer between researchers, practitioners, and industry. Example citation \cite{Liao2016}


The introductory section could describe the setting or environment in which the engineering system was implemented, challenges, and solutions, including testbeds, trials, or full deployments.

\begin{corbox}
\title{Related Work in Mobile Sensing}
\dropcap{A}s an emerging field, Data-Centric Engineering has the potential to bring about significant progress against societal and economic challenges when deployed in real-world settings. As these technologies continue to evolve at an increasing pace, it becomes crucial to have a pathway that enables impact at scale and facilitates knowledge transfer between researchers, practitioners, and industry. Example citation \cite{Liao2016}

This section could describe the methodology and system approach used and how it enables knowledge transfer. Example citation \cite{Mba2018}. The reference citations should used as per the ``natbib'' packages. Some sample citations:  \cite{Alam2017,Chui2013,Oliveira2017,Talkhestani2018}.

\begin{thebibliography}{}

\bibitem[Alam and Saddik(2017)]{Alam2017}
\textbf{Alam}, \textbf{KM and Saddik}, \textbf{AE} (2017) C2PS: A Digital Twin Architecture
Reference Model for the Cloud-Based Cyber-Physical Systems. \textit{IEEE Access} \textit{5}, 2050--2062.

\bibitem[Bhat et~al.(2016)]{Bhat2016}
\textbf{Bhat}, \textbf{NN}, \textbf{Dutta}, \textbf{S}, \textbf{Pal}, \textbf{SK and Pal}, \textbf{S} (2016) Tool condition
classification in turning process using hidden Markov model based on texture
analysis of machined surface images. \textit{Measurement} \textit{90}, 500--509.

\bibitem[Cai et~al.(2018)]{Cai2018}
\textbf{Cai}, \textbf{Y}, \textbf{Shi}, \textbf{X}, \textbf{Shao}, \textbf{H}, \textbf{Wang}, \textbf{R and Liao}, \textbf{S} (2018) Energy
efficiency state identification in milling processes based on information
reasoning and Hidden Markov Model. \textit{Journal of Cleaner Production} \textit{193}, 397--413.
\end{thebibliography}

\end{corbox}

\lipsum[1]
\begin{pullquote}
``The motivation for this work is to create a wearable gaming solution to increase physical activity while playing a fun and engaging game in open spaces.''
\end{pullquote}
\lipsum[2]

This section headings are not prescriptive aside from ending with Lessons Learned, which is required. The introductory section could describe the setting or environment in which the engineering system was implemented, challenges, and solutions, including testbeds, trials, or full deployments. Example citation \cite{Li2018}.

\section{Users}
\label{sec2}

This section could describe the target users and the nature of any inter-, multi- and transdisciplinary collaborations. 


\subsection{Data sources}
\label{sec2.1}

This section could describe the data sources used for the study and the rationale behind their selection.


We welcome pull quotes that help highlight the aim of the work, e.g. ``The motivation for this work is to create a wearable gaming solution to increase physical activity while playing a fun and engaging game in open spaces.''


\section{Methods}
\label{sec3}

This section could describe the methodology and system approach used and how it enables knowledge transfer. Example citation \cite{Mba2018}.

\section{Equations}

Equations in \LaTeX{} can either be inline or on-a-line by itself. For
inline equations use the \verb+$...$+ commands. Eg: The equation
$H\psi = E \psi$ is written via the command $H \psi = E \psi$.

For on-a-line by itself equations (with auto generated equation numbers)
one can use the equation or eqnarray environments \textit{D}.
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L} = i {\psi} \gamma^\mu D_\mu \psi
    - \frac{1}{4} F_{\mu\nu}^a F^{a\mu\nu} - m {\psi} \psi
\label{eq1}
\end{equation}
where,
\begin{align}
D_\mu &=  \partial_\mu - ig \frac{\lambda^a}{2} A^a_\mu
\nonumber \\
F^a_{\mu\nu} &= \partial_\mu A^a_\nu - \partial_\nu A^a_\mu
    + g f^{abc} A^b_\mu A^a_\nu
\label{eq2}
\end{align}
Notice the use of \verb+\nonumber+ in the align environment at the end
of each line, except the last, so as not to produce equation numbers on
lines where no equation numbers are required. The \verb+\label{}+ command
should only be used at the last line of an align environment where
\verb+\nonumber+ is not used.
\begin{equation}
Y_\infty = \left( \frac{m}{\textrm{GeV}} \right)^{-3}
    \left[ 1 + \frac{3 \ln(m/\textrm{GeV})}{15}
    + \frac{\ln(c_2/5)}{15} \right]
\end{equation}
The class file also supports the use of \verb+\mathbb{}+, \verb+\mathscr{}+ and
\verb+\mathcal{}+ commands. As such \verb+\mathbb{R}+, \verb+\mathscr{R}+
and \verb+\mathcal{R}+ produces $\mathbb{R}$, $\mathscr{R}$ and $\mathcal{R}$
respectively.


\section{Figures}

As per the \LaTeX\ standards eps images in \verb!latex! and pdf/jpg/png images in
\verb!pdflatex! should be used. This is one of the major differences between \verb!latex!
and \verb!pdflatex!. The images should be single page documents. The command for inserting images
for latex and pdflatex can be generalized. The package that should be used
is the graphicx package. See Figure \ref{fig1}.

\begin{figure}[!t]%figure 1
\FIG{\includegraphics{Figure1.eps}}
{\caption{The concept of hidden Markov model}\label{fig1}}
\end{figure}


\section{Tables}

Tables can be inserted via the normal table and tabular environment. To put
footnotes inside tables one has to use the additional ``fntable'' environment
enclosing the tabular environment. The footnote appears just below the table
itself. See Table \ref{tab2}.

%\begin{table}[h]
%\TBL{\caption{Caption text.\label{tab1}}}
%{%
%\begin{tabular}{@{}llll@{}}\toprule
%\TCH{column 1} & \TCH{column 2}  & \TCH{column 3} &
%\TCH{column 4}\\\midrule
%row 1    & data 1   & data 2  & data 3  \\
%row 2    & data 4   & data 5  & data 6  \\
%row 3    & data 7   & data 8  & data 9  \\\botrule
%\end{tabular}}
%\end{table}
%%

\begin{table}[!b]
\tabcolsep=0pt%
\TBL{\caption{Tables which are too long to fit,
should be written using the ``table*'' environment as shown here\label{tab2}}}
{\begin{fntable}
\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}lcccccc@{}}\toprule%
 & \multicolumn{3}{@{}c@{}}{\TCH{Element 1}}& \multicolumn{3}{@{}c@{}}{\TCH{Element 2\smash{\footnotemark[1]}}}
 \\\cmidrule{2-4}\cmidrule{5-7}%
\TCH{Projectile} & \TCH{Energy} & \TCH{$\sigma_{\mathit{calc}}$} & \TCH{$\sigma_{\mathit{expt}}$} &
\TCH{Energy} & \TCH{$\sigma_{\mathit{calc}}$} & \TCH{$\sigma_{\mathit{expt}}$} \\\midrule
\TCH{Element 3}&990 A &1168 &$1547\pm12$ &780 A &1166 &$1239\pm100$\\
{\TCH{Element 4}}&500 A &961 &$922\pm10$ &900 A &1268 &$1092\pm40$\\
\botrule
\end{tabular*}%
\footnotetext[]{{Note:} This is an example of table footnote this is an example of table footnote this is an example of table footnote this is an example of~table footnote this is an example of table footnote}
\footnotetext[1]{This is an example of table footnote}%
\end{fntable}}
\end{table}









\section{Cross referencing}

Environments such as figure, table, equation, align can have a label
declared via the \verb+\label{#label}+ command. For figures and table
environments one should use the \verb+\label{}+ command inside or just
below the \verb+\caption{}+ command.  One can then use the
\verb+\ref{#label}+ command to cross-reference them. As an example, consider
the label declared for Figure \ref{fig1} which is
\verb+\label{fig1}+. To cross-reference it, use the command
\verb+ Figure \ref{fig1}+, for which it comes up as
``Figure \ref{fig1}''.
The reference citations should used as per the ``natbib'' packages. Some sample citations:  \cite{Alam2017,Chui2013,Oliveira2017,Talkhestani2018}.


\vspace*{-5pt}
\section{Lists}

List in \LaTeX{} can be of three types: enumerate, itemize and description.
In each environments, new entry is added via the \verb+\item+ command.
Enumerate creates numbered lists, itemize creates bulleted lists and
description creates description lists.
List in \LaTeX{} can be of three types: enumerate, itemize and description.
In each environments, new entry is added via the \verb+\item+ command.
Enumerate creates numbered lists, itemize creates bulleted lists and
description creates description lists.
\begin{enumerate}[1.]
\item This is the 1st item
\item Enumerate creates numbered lists, itemize creates bulleted lists and
description creates description lists.
\item Numbered lists continue.
\end{enumerate}
List in \LaTeX{} can be of three types: enumerate, itemize and description.
In each environments, new entry is added via the \verb+\item+ command.
\begin{itemize}
\item This is the 1st item
\item Itemize creates bulleted lists and
description creates description lists.
\item Bullet lists continue.
\end{itemize}

\vspace*{-12pt}
\section{Lessons learned}

This is a required section. Conclude with some bullet pointed lessons learned about the deployment and engagement with the challenge owner. Who could or should replicate the study and for what purpose. 

\begin{Listbox}
\begin{itemize}
\item Lesson one
\item Lesson two
\item Lesson three.
\item an improved software module on the phone that prolongs battery life;
\item an enhanced version of the Web por-tal, ideally one that reduces wait time and the amount of data shown to the user;
\item an improved privacy policy setting as well as an enhanced user interface;
\item a new way to handle mobile sensors and more advanced data aggregation algorithms;
\item on-device visualization tools and mapping; and
\item software that works with any smart phone on an open platform.
\end{itemize}
\end{Listbox}

\begin{Backmatter}

\paragraph{Acknowledgments}
We are grateful for the technical assistance of A. Author.


\paragraph{Funding Statement}
This research was supported by grants from the <funder-name><doi>(<award ID>); <funder-name><doi>(<award ID>).

\paragraph{Competing Interests}
A statement about any financial, professional, contractual or personal relationships or situations that could be perceived to impact the presentation of the work --- or `None' if none exist

\paragraph{Data Availability Statement}
A statement about how to access data, code and other materials allowing users to understand, verify and replicate findings --- e.g. Replication data and code can be found in Harvard Dataverse: \verb+\url{https://doi.org/link}+.

\paragraph{Ethical Standards}
The research meets all ethical guidelines, including adherence to the legal requirements of the study country.

\paragraph{Author Contributions}
Please provide an author contributions statement using the CRediT taxonomy roles as a guide {\verb+\url{https://www.casrai.org/credit.html}+}. Conceptualization: A.A; A.B. Methodology: A.A; A.B. Data curation: A.C. Data visualisation: A.C. Writing original draft: A.A; A.B. All authors approved the final submitted draft.

\paragraph{Supplementary Material}
State whether any supplementary material intended for publication has been provided with the submission.

\bibliographystyle{apalike}
%\bibliography{Sample-refs}

\begin{thebibliography}{}

\bibitem[Alam and Saddik(2017)]{Alam2017}
\textbf{Alam}, \textbf{KM and Saddik}, \textbf{AE} (2017) C2PS: A Digital Twin Architecture
Reference Model for the Cloud-Based Cyber-Physical Systems. \textit{IEEE Access} \textit{5}, 2050--2062.

\bibitem[Bhat et~al.(2016)]{Bhat2016}
\textbf{Bhat}, \textbf{NN}, \textbf{Dutta}, \textbf{S}, \textbf{Pal}, \textbf{SK and Pal}, \textbf{S} (2016) Tool condition
classification in turning process using hidden Markov model based on texture
analysis of machined surface images. \textit{Measurement} \textit{90}, 500--509.

\bibitem[Cai et~al.(2018)]{Cai2018}
\textbf{Cai}, \textbf{Y}, \textbf{Shi}, \textbf{X}, \textbf{Shao}, \textbf{H}, \textbf{Wang}, \textbf{R and Liao}, \textbf{S} (2018) Energy
efficiency state identification in milling processes based on information
reasoning and Hidden Markov Model. \textit{Journal of Cleaner Production} \textit{193}, 397--413.

\bibitem[Chui et~al.(2013)]{Chui2013}
\textbf{Chui}, \textbf{MW}, \textbf{Feng}, \textbf{YQ}, \textbf{Wang}, \textbf{W}, \textbf{Li}, \textbf{PL and Li}, \textbf{ZC} (2013)
Numerical Simulation of Rough Surface with Crossed Texture. \textit{Applied Mechanics and Materials 321--324}, 196--200.

\bibitem[Fill(2017)]{Fill2017}
\textbf{Fill}, \textbf{H-G} (2017) SeMFIS: A flexible engineering platform for semantic
annotations of conceptual models. \textit{Semantic Web} \textit{8}(5), 747--763.

\bibitem[Fraser(2008)]{Fraser2008}
\textbf{Fraser}, \textbf{AM} (2008) \textit{Hidden Markov models and dynamical systems}. Philadelphia: SIAM.

\bibitem[Kumar et~al.(2018)]{Kumar2018}
\textbf{Kumar}, \textbf{A}, \textbf{Chinnam}, \textbf{RB and Tseng}, \textbf{F} (2018) An HMM and polynomial
regression based approach for remaining useful life and health state
estimation of cutting tools. \textit{Computers {\&} Industrial Engineering} \textit{128}, 1008--1014.


\bibitem[Li et~al.(2018)]{Li2018}
\textbf{Li}, \textbf{Z}, \textbf{Fang}, \textbf{H}, \textbf{Huang}, \textbf{M}, \textbf{Wei}, \textbf{Y and Zhang}, \textbf{L} (2018) Data-driven
bearing fault identification using improved hidden Markov model and
self-organizing map. \textit{Computers {\&} Industrial Engineering} \textit{116}, 37--46.

\bibitem[Liao et~al.(2006)]{Liao2006}
\textbf{Liao}, \textbf{TW}, \textbf{Hua}, \textbf{G}, \textbf{Qu}, \textbf{J and Blau}, \textbf{PJ} (2006) Grinding Wheel
Condition Monitoring with Hidden Markov Model-based Clustering Methods.
\textit{Machining Science {\&} Technology: An International Journal} \textit{10}(4), 511--538.

\bibitem[Liao et~al.(2016)]{Liao2016}
\textbf{Liao}, \textbf{W}, \textbf{Li}, \textbf{D and Cui}, \textbf{S} (2016) A heuristic optimization algorithm
for HMM based on SA and EM in machinery diagnosis. \textit{Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing} \textit{29}(8), 1845--1857.

\bibitem[Mba et~al.(2018)]{Mba2018}
\textbf{Mba}, \textbf{CU}, \textbf{Makis}, \textbf{V}, \textbf{Marchesiello}, \textbf{S}, \textbf{Fasana}, \textbf{A and Garibaldi}, \textbf{L} (2018) Condition monitoring and state classification of gearboxes using
stochastic resonance and hidden Markov models. \textit{Measurement} \textit{126}, 76--95.

\bibitem[Nguyen(2017)]{Nguyen2017}
\textbf{Nguyen}, \textbf{N} (2017) An Analysis and Implementation of the Hidden Markov Model
to Technology Stock Prediction. \textit{Risks} \textit{5}(4), 62:1--62:18.

\bibitem[Oliveira et~al.(2017)]{Oliveira2017}
\textbf{Oliveira}, \textbf{W}, \textbf{Ambr\'{o}sio}, \textbf{LM}, \textbf{Braga}, \textbf{R}, \textbf{Str\"{o}ele}, \textbf{V}, \textbf{David}, \textbf{JM
and Campos}, \textbf{F} (2017) A Framework for Provenance Analysis and
Visualization. \textit{Procedia Computer Science} \textit{108}, 1592--1601.

\bibitem[Padovano et~al.(2018)]{Padovano2018}
\textbf{Padovano}, \textbf{A}, \textbf{Longo}, \textbf{F}, \textbf{Nicoletti}, \textbf{L and Mirabelli}, \textbf{G} (2018) A Digital
Twin based Service Oriented Application for a 4.0 Knowledge Navigation in
the Smart Factory. \textit{IFAC-PapersOnLine} \textit{51}(11), 631--636.

\bibitem[Qi et~al.(2018)]{Qi2018}
\textbf{Qi}, \textbf{Q}, \textbf{Tao}, \textbf{F}, \textbf{Zuo}, \textbf{Y and Zhao}, \textbf{D} (2018) Digital Twin Service towards
Smart Manufacturing. \textit{Procedia CIRP} \textit{72}, 237--242.

\bibitem[Ramos(2015)]{Ramos2015}
\textbf{Ramos}, \textbf{L} (2015) Semantic Web for manufacturing, trends and open issues:
Toward a state of the art. \textit{Computers {\&} Industrial Engineering} \textit{90}, 444--460.

\bibitem[Talkhestani et~al.(2018)]{Talkhestani2018}
\textbf{Talkhestani}, \textbf{BA}, \textbf{Jazdi}, \textbf{N}, \textbf{Schloegl}, \textbf{W and Weyrich}, \textbf{M} (2018) Consistency check to synchronize the Digital Twin of manufacturing
automation based on anchor points. \textit{Procedia CIRP} \textit{72}, 159--164.

\bibitem[Ullah(2019)]{Ullah2019}
\textbf{Ullah}, \textbf{AMM S} (2019) Modeling and simulation of complex manufacturing
phenomena using sensor signals from the perspective of Industry 4.0.
\textit{Advanced Engineering Informatics} \textit{39}(1), 1--13.

\bibitem[Xie et~al.(2016)]{Xie2016}
\textbf{Xie}, \textbf{F-Y}, \textbf{Hu}, \textbf{Y-M}, \textbf{Wu}, \textbf{B and Wang}, \textbf{Y} (2016) A generalized hidden
Markov model and its applications in recognition of cutting states.
\textit{International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing} \textit{17}(11), 1471--1482.

\bibitem[Zhang et~al.(2018)]{Zhang2018}
\textbf{Zhang}, \textbf{S}, \textbf{Zhang}, \textbf{Y and Zhu}, \textbf{J} (2018) Residual life prediction based on
dynamic weighted Markov model and particle filtering. \textit{Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing}  \textit{29}(4), 753--761.

\end{thebibliography}


\end{Backmatter}

\end{document}
