The European Nitrogen Assessment
Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives

Editors

Mark A. Sutton, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK
Mark Sutton is an environmental physicist investigating human alteration of the nitrogen cycle, with specific attention to ammonia. He is coordinator of the major integrated project 'NitroEurope', a 5-year effort, bringing together 64 research institutes to ask how nitrogen is affecting the European greenhouse gas balance. Dr Sutton is vice-chair of the 'Nitrogen in Europe' (NinE) programme of the European Science Foundation and the Director of the European Centre of the International Nitrogen Initiative (INI) and co-chair of the Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen of the UN-ECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution.

Clare M. Howard, NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK
Clare Howard is currently engaged in a postdoctoral fellowship in knowledge transfer, with an emphasis on research networks which focus on nitrogen. Dr Howard is project co-ordinator for the European Nitrogen Assessment and also for the Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen, which sits beneath the Working Group on Strategies and Review of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. Her research interests involve the modelling of biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and carbon and assessing uncertainty in model systems.

Jan Willem Erisman, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
Jan Willem Erisman heads the Biomass, Coal and Environmental Research Unit of the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) and is a Professor in Integrated Nitrogen Studies at Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam. His research focuses on atmosphere-biosphere exchange of gases and aerosols related to acidification and eutrophication and climate change. He was responsible for establishing the International Nitrogen Initiative, the Nanjing Declaration on Nitrogen Management, the EU 6th Framework research program NitroEurope and for chairing the European Science Foundation project NinE and the EU COST Action 729.

Gilles Billen, CNRS and University of Paris VI
Gilles Billen is research director of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) at the University Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris) where his research covers many aspects of biogeochemistry, with an emphasis on the nitrogen, phosphorus and silica cycles. His main expertise is on the assessment and modelling of the ecological functioning of hydrosystems, including marine, estuarine and freshwater environments. From 1997 to 2007, he was the Director of the PIREN-Seine programme, a large interdisciplinary research programme on the Seine river watershed.

Albert Bleeker, Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
Albert Bleeker works as a senior scientist at the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, in the department of Air Quality and Climate Change. He has almost 20 years of experience in the field of nitrogen, where his main expertise is on the atmospheric emission, transport and deposition of nitrogen at various spatial scales, as well as studies on the effect of nitrogen in the natural environment. Currently, he is the Nitrogen in Europe (NinE) Programme Co-ordinator and a member of the COST 729 Management Committee.

Peringe Grennfelt, Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL)
Peringe Grennfelt has a background in atmospheric chemistry. His research includes regional air pollution problems in Europe, in particular acidification, nitrogen deposition and tropospheric ozone. He has coordinated several national and international research programmes including the EU project Network for the Support of European Policies on Air Pollution (NEPAP). He is presently leading the Mistra Climate Policy Research Programme (Clipore) and the Swedish Clean Air Research Programme (SCARP).

Hans van Grinsven, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Hans van Grinsven works at the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency where he conducts research and coordinates projects related to agriculture and environment, focusing on nitrogen and phosphorus, and sustainable food production. Dr van Grinsven was responsible for evaluations of national implementation of the EU Nitrates Directive and was also closely involved in the evaluations of the implementation of the EU Waterframework Directive and EU NEC ammonia directive.

Bruna Grizzetti, European Commission Joint Research Centre
Bruna Grizzetti is a researcher in the field of large scale modelling of nutrient and water transfer. She works on modelling nutrient pressures on water at European scale in support to the implementation of environmental European policies, such as the Water Framework Directive, Nitrates Directive and the Marine Strategy. Since 2007, Dr Grizzetti has been a member of the Coordination Team of the European Nitrogen Assessment process, founded by the European Science Foundation.

Contributors

Mark A. Sutton, Clare M. Howard, Jan Willem Erisman, Gilles Billen, Albert Bleeker, Peringe Grennfelt, Hans van Grinsven, Bruna Grizzetti, Fayçal Bouraoui, David Powlson, Stefan Reis, Lars Stouman Jensen, Jan K. Schjoerring, Klaas van der Hoek, Hanne Damgaard Poulsen, John F. Zevenbergen, Christian Pallière, Joachim Lammel, Frank Brentrup, Age W. Jongbloed, Jaap Willems, Oene Oenema, Nils Axel Braathen, Michaela Budnakova, Keith Bull, Pavel Cermak, Markus Geupel, Kevin Hicks, Robert Hoft, Natalia Kozlova, Adrian Leip, Till Spranger, Laura Valli, Gerard Velthof, Wilfried Winiwarter, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Per Gundersen, Per Ambus, Jürgen Augustin, Claus Beier, Pascal Boeckx, Michael Dannenmann, Benjamin Sanchez Gimeno, Ralf Kiese, Barbara Kitzler, Andreas Ibrom, Robert M. Rees, Keith A. Smith, Carly J. Stevens, Timo Vesala, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Patrick Durand, Lutz Breuer, Penny Johnes, Andrea Butturini, Gilles Pinay, Josette Garnier, Michael Rivett, David Reay, Chris Curtis, Jan Siemens, Stephen Maberly, Oeyvind Kaste, Christoph Humborg, Roos Loeb, Jeroen de Klein, Josef Hejzlar, Nikos Skoulikidis, Pirkko Kortelainen, Ahti Lepisto, Richard Wright, Maren Voß, Alex Baker, Hermann W. Bange, Daniel Conley, Sarah Cornell, Barbara Deutsch, Anja Engel, Raja Ganeshram, Ana-Stiina Heiskanen, Tim Jickells, Christiane Lancelot, Abigail McQuatters-Gollop, Jack Middelburg, Doris Schiedek, Caroline Slomp, Ole Hertel, Carsten Ambelas Skjøth, Roy Harrison, John Neil Cape, David Fowler, Ute Skiba, David Simpson, Markku Kulmala, Steen Gyldenkærne, Lise Lotte Sørensen, Steve Jarvis, Nick Hutchings, Jørgen Eivind Olesen, Pierre Cellier, Ulli Dragosits, Mark R. Theobald, Jean-Louis Drouet, Tommy Dalgaard, Sylvia Duretz, Hans Kros, Benjamin Loubet, Philippe Mérot, Valérie Viaud, Wim de Vries, Anastasia Svirejeva-Hopkins, Gabriela B. Nardoto, Jacob Magid, Sabine Barles, Alexander F. Bouwman, Ipek Erzi, Marina Kousoulidou, Marie Silvestre, Robert Howarth, Amélie Darracq, Horst Behrendt, Erik Smedberg, Raja Ganeshram, Arthur Beusen, Wenche Aas, Jerzy Bartnicki, Haldis Berge, Kees Cuvelier, Frank Dentener, Tony Dore, Hilde Fagerli, Chris Flechard, Hans van Jaarsveld, Mike Jenkin, Martijn Schaap, Valiyaveetil Shamsudheen Semeena, Philippe Thunis, Robert Vautard, Massimo Vieno, Gert Jan Reinds, Jan Peter Lesschen, Peter Bergamaschi, Beat Achermann, Dave Fernall, Anne Christine Le Gall, Suvi Monni, Rostislav Nevečeřal, Lorenzo Orlandini, Michel Prud'homme, Hannes Reuter, Guenther Seufert, John van Aardenne, Ana Cristina Cardoso, Vincent Thieu, Jana Moldanová, Asa Jonsson, John Munthe, Ari Rabl, Eiko Nemitz, Sonke Zaehle, Rob Upstill-Goddard, Michael Kreuzer, Nancy Dise, Michael Ashmore, Salim Belyazid, Roland Bobbink, Leon van den Berg, Sébastien Barot, Jaap Bloem, Patrick Lavelle, Corjan Brink, Brian H. Jacobsen, Ing-Marie Gren, Mike Holland, Zbigniew Klimont, Roy Brouwer, Roald Dickens, Mette Termansen, Rob Alkemade, Mark van Oorschot, J. Webb, Joost Salomez, Christina Branquinho, Chris Tompkins, Luc Maene, Rocio Alonso, Rob Maas, Jean-Paul Hettelingh, James Galloway, Allison Leach, Uwe Schneider, Peter Witzke, Pete Higgins, Henk Westhoek, Trudy Rood, Mark R. Theobald, Alberto Sanz Cobeña, Bob Rees, Dominic Moran, Kate Ravilious