Alternative/complementary treatments have generally inadequate documentation even in children and even less research in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Both macronutrients (amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) have been proposed as treatment for ADHD. Vitamins and minerals act as cofactors in important steps in neurotransmitter synthesis and energy metabolism. Three strategies for vitamin supplementation include: recommended daily allowance/recommended daily intake (RDA/RDI) multivitamin preparations, megavitamin multiple combinations, and mega-doses of specific vitamins. Certain Chinese traditional herbs (ginseng, ginkgo biloba) with antioxidant and vessel-relaxing properties can improve blood flow to the brain, theoretically improving brain functioning. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with ADHD have noted lower blood flow/metabolism suggesting under arousal in these regions, and this under arousal is evident in EEG studies.