Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-ndmmz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-01T05:19:59.064Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 13 - Mood Disorders with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Impulse Control Disorders, or Borderline Personality Disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2024

Allan Young
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London
Marsal Sanches
Affiliation:
Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
Jair C. Soares
Affiliation:
McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas
Mario Juruena
Affiliation:
King's College London
Get access

Summary

Individuals with mood disorders have substantial comorbidity with psychiatric disorders characterized by pathological impulsivity, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), impulse control disorders (ICDs), and borderline personality disorder (BPD). In this chapter, we discuss the epidemiology, clinical features, and management of individuals with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder and co-occurring ADHD, ICDs, and BPD.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Katzman, MA, Bilkey, TS, Chokka, PR, Fallu, A, Klassen, LJ. Adult ADHD and comorbid disorders: clinical implications of a dimensional approach. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wingo, AP, Ghaemi, SN. A systematic review of rates and diagnostic validity of comorbid adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68(11):1776–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nierenberg, AA, Miyahara, S, Spencer, T, et al. Clinical and diagnostic implications of lifetime attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbidity in adults with bipolar disorder: data from the first 1000 STEP-BD participants. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57(11):1467–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meier, SM, Pavlova, B, Dalsgaard, S, et al. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders as precursors of bipolar disorder onset in adulthood. Br J Psychiatry. 2018;213(3):555–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Biederman, J, Faraone, SV, Petty, C, et al. Further evidence that pediatric-onset bipolar disorder comorbid with ADHD represents a distinct subtype: results from a large controlled family study. J Psychiatr Res. 2013;47(1):1522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brainstorm, C, Anttila, V, Bulik-Sullivan, B, et al. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain. Science. 2018;360(6395).Google Scholar
Wu, Y, Cao, H, Baranova, A, et al. Multi-trait analysis for genome-wide association study of five psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10(1):209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lan, WH, Bai, YM, Hsu, JW, et al. Comorbidity of ADHD and suicide attempts among adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder: a nationwide longitudinal study. J Affect Disord. 2015;176:171–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warden, D, Riggs, PD, Min, SJ, et al. Major depression and treatment response in adolescents with ADHD and substance use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012;120(1–3):214–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Biederman, J, Baldessarini, RJ, Wright, V, Knee, D, Harmatz, JS. A double-blind placebo controlled study of desipramine in the treatment of ADD: I. Efficacy. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1989;28(5):777–84.Google ScholarPubMed
Wilens, TE, Biederman, J, Prince, J, et al. Six-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of desipramine for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153(9):1147–53.Google ScholarPubMed
Biederman, J, Baldessarini, RJ, Wright, V, Keenan, K, Faraone, S. A double-blind placebo controlled study of desipramine in the treatment of ADD: III. Lack of impact of comorbidity and family history factors on clinical response. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1993;32(1):199204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Otasowie, J, Castells, X, Ehimare, UP, Smith, CH. Tricyclic antidepressants for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; 9:CD006997.Google Scholar
Wilens, TE, Spencer, TJ, Biederman, J, et al. A controlled clinical trial of bupropion for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158(2):282–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maneeton, N, Maneeton, B, Srisurapanont, M, Martin, SD. Bupropion for adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011;65(7):611–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ng, QX. A systematic review of the use of bupropion for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2017;27(2):112–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verbeeck, W, Bekkering, GE, Van den Noortgate, W, Kramers, C. Bupropion for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;10:CD009504.Google ScholarPubMed
Amiri, S, Farhang, S, Ghoreishizadeh, MA, Malek, A, Mohammadzadeh, S. Double-blind controlled trial of venlafaxine for treatment of adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2012;27(1):7681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ghanizadeh, A. A systematic review of reboxetine for treating patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Nord J Psychiatry. 2015;69(4):241–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bilodeau, M, Simon, T, Beauchamp, MH, et al. Duloxetine in adults with ADHD: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Atten Disord. 2014;18(2):169–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiss, M, Hechtman, L, Adult, ARG. A randomized double-blind trial of paroxetine and/or dextroamphetamine and problem-focused therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(4):611–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Biederman, J, Lindsten, A, Sluth, LB, et al. Vortioxetine for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study. J Psychopharmacol. 2019;33(4):511–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patkar, AA, Masand, PS, Pae, CU, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of augmentation with an extended release formulation of methylphenidate in outpatients with treatment-resistant depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006;26(6):653–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trivedi, MH, Cutler, AJ, Richards, C et al. A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate as augmentation therapy in adults with residual symptoms of major depressive disorder after treatment with escitalopram. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(8):802–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Madhoo, M, Keefe, RS, Roth, RM, et al. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate augmentation in adults with persistent executive dysfunction after partial or full remission of major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014;39(6):1388–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richards, C, McIntyre, RS, Weisler, R, et al. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate augmentation for adults with major depressive disorder and inadequate response to antidepressant monotherapy: results from 2 phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. J Affect Disord. 2016;206:151–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nasser, A, Liranso, T, Adewole, T, et al. Once-daily SPN-812 200 and 400 mg in the treatment of ADHD in school-aged children: a phase III randomized, controlled trial. Clin Ther. 2021;43(4):684700.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moller, HJ, Fuger, J, Kasper, S. Efficacy of new generation antidepressants: meta-analysis of imipramine-controlled studies. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1994;27(6):215–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dorrego, MF, Canevaro, L, Kuzis, G, Sabe, L, Starkstein, SE. A randomized, double-blind, crossover study of methylphenidate and lithium in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: preliminary findings. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2002;14(3):289–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hegerl, U, Mergl, R, Sander, C, et al. A multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of methylphenidate in the initial treatment of acute mania (MEMAP study). Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2018;28(1):185–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McElroy, SL, Martens, BE, Mori, N, et al. Adjunctive lisdexamfetamine in bipolar depression: a preliminary randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015;30(1):613.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Viktorin, A, Ryden, E, Thase, ME, et al. The risk of treatment-emergent mania with methylphenidate in bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174(4):341–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Atomoxetine, ADHD, Comorbid, MDD SG, Bangs, ME, Emslie, GJ, Spencer, TJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and major depression. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2007;17(4):407–20.Google Scholar
Kratochvil, CJ, May, DE, Silva, SG, et al. Treatment response in depressed adolescents with and without co-morbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2009;19(5):519–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scheffer, RE, Kowatch, RA, Carmody, T, Rush, AJ. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of mixed amphetamine salts for symptoms of comorbid ADHD in pediatric bipolar disorder after mood stabilization with divalproex sodium. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(1):5864.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Findling, RL, Short, EJ, McNamara, NK et al. Methylphenidate in the treatment of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46(11):1445–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tramontina, S, Zeni, CP, Ketzer, CR, et al. Aripiprazole in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder comorbid with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a pilot randomized clinical trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70(5):756–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zeni, CP, Tramontina, S, Ketzer, CR, Pheula, GF, Rohde, LA. Methylphenidate combined with aripiprazole in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized crossover trial. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2009;19(5):553–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, K, Nayar, D, Howe, M, Rana, M. Atomoxetine as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of co-morbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with bipolar I or II disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2009;19(5):547–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frosch, J, Wortis, SB. A contribution to the nosology of the impulse disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 1954;111(2):132–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hollander, E, Stein, DJ (Eds.). Clinical Manual of Impulse-Control Disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2006.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.Google Scholar
McElroy, SL, Hudson, JI, Pope, HG, Keck, PE. Kleptomania: clinical characteristics and associated psychopathology. Psychol Med. 1991;21(1):93108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McIntyre, RS, McElroy, SL, Konarski, JZ, et al. Problem gambling in bipolar disorder: results from the Canadian Community Health Survey. J Affect Disord. 2007;102(1–3):2734.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coccaro, EF. Psychiatric comorbidity in intermittent explosive disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2019;118:3843.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pereira, DCS, Coutinho, ESF, Corassa, RB, Andrade, LH, Viana, MC. Prevalence and psychiatric comorbidities of intermittent explosive disorders in Metropolitan Sao Paulo, Brazil. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2021;56(4):687–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karakus, G, Tamam, L. Impulse control disorder comorbidity among patients with bipolar I disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2011;52(4):378–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Varo, C, Murru, A, Salagre, E, et al. Behavioral addictions in bipolar disorders: A systematic review. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2019;29(1):7697.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mouaffak, F, Leite, C, Hamzaoui, S, et al. Naltrexone in the treatment of broadly defined behavioral addictions: a review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Addict Res. 2017;23(4):204–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grant, JE, Odlaug, BL, Kim, SW. N-acetylcysteine, a glutamate modulator, in the treatment of trichotillomania: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66(7):756–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deepmala, , Slattery, J, Kumar, N, et al. Clinical trials of N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry and neurology: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015;55:294321.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Okamoto, Y, Sekine, T, Grammer, J, Yount, RG. The essential light chains constitute part of the active site of smooth muscle myosin. Nature. 1986;324(6092):7880.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hollander, E, Pallanti, S, Allen, A, Sood, E, Baldini Rossi, N. Does sustained-release lithium reduce impulsive gambling and affective instability versus placebo in pathological gamblers with bipolar spectrum disorders? Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(1):137–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McElroy, SL, Nelson, EB, Welge, JA, Kaehler, L, Keck, PE Jr. Olanzapine in the treatment of pathological gambling: a negative randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(3):433–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grant, BF, Stinson, FS, Hasin, DS, et al. Prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity of bipolar I disorder and axis I and II disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66(10):1205–15.Google ScholarPubMed
McDermid, J, Sareen, J, El-Gabalawy, R, et al. Co-morbidity of bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder: findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Compr Psychiatry. 2015;58:1828.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fornaro, M, Orsolini, L, Marini, S, et al. The prevalence and predictors of bipolar and borderline personality disorders comorbidity: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2016;195:105–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blanco, C, Compton, WM, Saha, TD, et al. Epidemiology of DSM-5 bipolar I disorder: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions – III. J Psychiatr Res. 2017;84:310–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shah, R, Zanarini, MC. Comorbidity of borderline personality disorder: current status and future directions. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2018;41(4):583–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zanarini, MC, Horz-Sagstetter, S, Temes, CM, et al. The 24-year course of major depression in patients with borderline personality disorder and personality-disordered comparison subjects. J Affect Disord. 2019;258:109–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de la Rosa, I, Oquendo, MA, Garcia, G, et al. Determining if borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder are alternative expressions of the same disorder: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78(8):e994e999.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Witt, SH, Streit, F, Jungkunz, M, et al. Genome-wide association study of borderline personality disorder reveals genetic overlap with bipolar disorder, major depression and schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry. 2017;7(6):e1155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joyce, PR, Mulder, RT, Luty, SE, et al. Borderline personality disorder in major depression: symptomatology, temperament, character, differential drug response, and 6-month outcome. Compr Psychiatry. 2003;44(1):3543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Skodol, AE, Grilo, CM, Keyes, KM, et al. Relationship of personality disorders to the course of major depressive disorder in a nationally representative sample. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168(3):257–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimmerman, M, Balling, C, Chelminski, I, Dalrymple, K. Patients with borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder: a descriptive and comparative study. Psychol Med. 2021;51(9):1479–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patel, RS, Manikkara, G, Chopra, A. Bipolar disorder and comorbid borderline personality disorder: patient characteristics and outcomes in US hospitals. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019;55(1).Google ScholarPubMed
Feske, U, Mulsant, BH, Pilkonis, PA, et al. Clinical outcome of ECT in patients with major depression and comorbid borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161(11):2073–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borderline Personality Disorder: Treatment and Management. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Guidance. Leicester, 2009.Google Scholar
Oldham, JM, Gabbard, GO, Goin, MK, et al. Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2010.Google Scholar
Tyrer, P, Silk, KR. A comparison of UK and US guidelines for drug treatment in borderline personality disorder. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2011;23(4):388–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oud, M, Arntz, A, Hermens, ML, Verhoef, R, Kendall, T. Specialized psychotherapies for adults with borderline personality disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2018;52(10):949–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stone, MH. Borderline personality disorder: clinical guidelines for treatment. Psychodyn Psychiatry. 2019;47(1):526.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Riffer, F, Farkas, M, Streibl, L, Kaiser, E, Sprung, M. Psychopharmacological treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder: comparing data from routine clinical care with recommended guidelines. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2019;23(3):178–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lieb, K, Vollm, B, Rucker, G, Timmer, A, Stoffers, JM. Pharmacotherapy for borderline personality disorder: Cochrane systematic review of randomised trials. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;196(1):412.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vita, A, De Peri, L, Sacchetti, E. Antipsychotics, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and placebo on the symptom dimensions of borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled and open-label trials. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011;31(5):613–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stoffers, JM, Lieb, K. Pharmacotherapy for borderline personality disorder – current evidence and recent trends. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015;17(1):534.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hancock-Johnson, E, Griffiths, C, Picchioni, M. A focused systematic review of pharmacological treatment for borderline personality disorder. CNS Drugs. 2017;31(5):345–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stoffers-Winterling, J, Storebo, OJ, Lieb, K. Pharmacotherapy for borderline personality disorder: an update of published, unpublished and ongoing studies. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2020;22(8):37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schulkens, J, Bergs, N, Ingenhoven, T, et al. Selective serotonin reuptake-inhibitors for symptom-based treatment of borderline personality disorders in older adults: an international delphi study. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2021;19(1):5362.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pahwa, M, Nunez, NA, Joseph, B, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of lamotrigine in borderline personality disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2020;50(4):118–36.Google ScholarPubMed
Ekselius, L, von Knorring, L. Personality disorder comorbidity with major depression and response to treatment with sertraline or citalopram. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998;13(5):205–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bellino, S, Zizza, M, Rinaldi, C, Bogetto, F. Combined treatment of major depression in patients with borderline personality disorder: a comparison with pharmacotherapy. Can J Psychiatry. 2006;51(7):453–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bellino, S, Zizza, M, Rinaldi, C, Bogetto, F. Combined therapy of major depression with concomitant borderline personality disorder: comparison of interpersonal and cognitive psychotherapy. Can J Psychiatry. 2007;52(11):718–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jahangard, L, Haghighi, M, Bajoghli, H, et al. Training emotional intelligence improves both emotional intelligence and depressive symptoms in inpatients with borderline personality disorder and depression. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2012;16(3):197204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frankenburg, FR, Zanarini, MC. Divalproex sodium treatment of women with borderline personality disorder and bipolar II disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(5):442–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×