Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-01T10:52:17.542Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 12 - Use of Force in the Prehospital Environment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2017

Scott L. Zeller
Affiliation:
University of California, Riverside
Kimberly D. Nordstrom
Affiliation:
Denver Health Medical Center, Colorado
Michael P. Wilson
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

“Electric glove for police stuns victims with 1,500 volts.” Modern Mechanix (Modern Mechanix Publishing Co.) (September 1935).Google Scholar
American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) Excited Delirium Task Force. White Paper Report on Excited Delirium Syndrome. 2009.Google Scholar
Amnesty International Annual Report United States of America 2013. http://www.amnestyusa.org/research/reports/annual-report-united-states-of-america-2013.Google Scholar
Battaglia, J., Moss, S., Rush, J., et al. Haloperidol, lorazepam or both for psychotic agitation? A multicenter, prospective, double-blind, emergency department study. Am J Emerg Med 1997, 15(4): 335340.Google Scholar
Bozeman, W. P., Barnes, D. G., Winslow, J. E., et al. Immediate cardiovascular effects of the TASER X26 conducted electrical weapon. Emerg Med J 2009, 26(8): 567570.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bozeman, W. P., Hauda, W. E. 2nd, Heck, J. J., Graham, D. D. Jr, Martin, B. P., Winslow, J. E. Safety and injury profile of conducted electrical weapons used by law enforcement officers against criminal suspects. Ann Emerg Med 2009, 53: 480489.Google Scholar
Bunai, Y., Akaza, K., Jiang, W. X., et al. Fatal hyperthermia associated with excited delirium during an arrest. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2008, 10: 306309.Google Scholar
Cao, M., Shinbane, J. S., Gillberg, J. M., et al. TASER-induced rapid ventricular myocardial capture demonstrated by pacemaker intracardiac electrograms. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2007, 18: 876879.Google Scholar
Cronin, J. A. Conducted Energy Devices: Development of Standards for Consistency and Guidance The Creation of National CED Policy and Training Guidelines (PDF). U.S. Department of Justice 2006.Google Scholar
Dawes, D. M., Ho, J. D., Johnson, M. A., et al. 15 -second conducted electrical weapon exposure does not cause core temperature elevation in non-environmentally stressed resting adults. Forensic Sci Int 2008, 176: 253257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawes, D. M., Ho, J. D., Reardon, R. F., et al. Echocardiographic evaluation of TASER X26 probe deployment into the chests of human volunteers. Am J Emerg Med 2010, 28: 4955.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eastman, A. L., Metzger, J. C., Pepe, P. E., et al. Conductive electrical devices: a prospective, population-based study of the medical safety of law enforcement use. J Trauma 2008, 64: 15671572.Google Scholar
Gardner, A. R., Hauda, W. E. 2nd, Bozeman, W. P. Conducted electrical weapon (TASER) use against minors: a shocking analysis. Pediatr Emerg Care 2012, 28: 873877.Google Scholar
Hick, J. L., Smith, S. W., Lynch, M. T. Metabolic acidosis in restraint-associated cardiac arrest: a case series. Acad Emerg Med 1999, 6(3): 289243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ho, J. D., Dawes, D. M., Bultman, L. L., et al. Prolonged TASER use on exhausted humans does not worsen markers of acidosis. Am J Emerg Med 2009, 27(4): 413418.Google Scholar
Ho, J. D., Dawes, D. M., Reardon, R. F., et al. Human cardiovascular effects of a new generation conducted electrical weapon. Forensic Sci Int 2011, 204: 5057.Google Scholar
Ho, J., Dawes, D., Ryan, F., et al. Catecholamines in simulated arrest scenarios. Acad Emerg Med 2010, 17(7): e60–8.Google Scholar
Hopper, A. B., Vilke, G. M., Castillo, E. M., et al. Ketamine use for acute agitation in the emergency department. J Emerg Med 2015, 48: 712719.Google Scholar
Ideker, R. E., Dosdall, D. J. Can the direct cardiac effects of the electric pulses generated by the TASER X26 cause immediate or delayed sudden cardiac arrest in normal adults? Am J of Forens Med and Pathol 2007, 28(3): 195201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karch, S. B., Stephens, B. G. Drug abusers who die during arrest or in custody. J P Soc Med 1999, 92(3): 110113.Google Scholar
Karch, S. B., Welti, C. V. Agitated delirium versus positional asphyxia. Ann Emerg Med 1995, 26(6): 760761.Google ScholarPubMed
Kim, P. J., Franklin, W. H. Ventricular fibrillation after stun-gun discharge: letter to the editor. New Engl J Med 2005, 353: 958959.Google Scholar
Kornblum, R. N., Reddy SK effects of the TASER in fatalities involving police confrontation. J Forensic Sci 1991, 26(2): 434438.Google Scholar
Kroll, M. W., Dhanunjaya, R., Lakkireddy, M. D., et al. TASER electronic control devices and cardiac arrests: coincidental or causal? Circulation 2014, 129: 93100.Google Scholar
Lakkireddy, D., Wallick, D., Verma, A., et al. Cardiac effects of electrical stun guns: does position of barbs contact make a difference? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2008, 31: 398408.Google Scholar
Levine, S. D., Sloane, C. M., Chan, T. C., Dunford, J. V., Vilke, G. M. Cardiac monitoring of human subjects exposed to the TASER. J Emerg Med 2007, 33(2): 113117.Google Scholar
Mash, D. C., Duque, L., Pablo, J., et al. Brain biomarkers for identifying excited delirium as a cause of sudden death. Forensic Sci Int 2009, 190(1–3): e13–9.Google Scholar
McDaniel, W. C., Stratbucker, R. A., Nerheim, M., Brewer, J. E. Cardiac safety of neuromuscular incapacitating defensive devices. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2005, 28 Suppl 1: S284–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morrison, A., Sadler, D. Death of a psychiatric patient during physical restraint. Med Sci Law 2001, 41(1): 4650.Google Scholar
Moscati, R., Ho, J. D., Dawes, D. M., et al. Physiologic effects of prolonged conducted electrical weapon discharge in ethanol-intoxicated adults. Am J Emerg Med 2010, 28: 582587.Google Scholar
Nanthakumar, K., Billingsley, I. M., Masse, S., et al. Cardiac electrophysiological consequences of neuromuscular incapacitating device discharges. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006, 48: 798804.Google Scholar
Nanthakumar, K., Waxman, M. Letter by Nanthakumar and Waxman regarding article, “Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Death Associated with Application of Shocks from a TASER Electronic Control Device.” Circulation 2013, 127(23): e840.Google Scholar
Ng, W., Chehade, M. TASER penetrating ocular injury. Am J Ophthalmol 2005, 139(4): 713715.Google Scholar
Rehman, T. U., Yonas, H., Marinaro, J. Intracranial penetration of a TASER dart. Am J Emerg Med 2007, 25(6): 733.e3–4.Google Scholar
Roberts, E. E., Vilke, G. M. Restraint techniques, injuries, and death: conducted energy devices. Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine (Second Edition), 2016, pp 118126.Google Scholar
Sloane, C. M., Chan, T. C., Levine, S. D., Dunford, J. V., Neuman, T., Vilke, G. M. Serum troponin I measurement of subjects exposed to the TASER X-26(R). J Emerg Med 2008, 35(1): 2932.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sloane, C. M., Chan, T. C., Vilke, G. M. Thoracic spine compression after TASER activation. J Emerg Med 2008, 34(3): 283285.Google Scholar
Smith, P. W. (2003-10-21), United States Patent: 6636412 – Hand-held stun gun for incapacitating a human target.Google Scholar
Stephens, B. G., Jentzen, J. M., Karch, S., et al. National Association of Medical Examiners position paper on the certification of cocaine-related deaths. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2004, 25(1): 1113.Google Scholar
Stratton, S. J., Rogers, C., Brickett, K., et al. Factors associated with sudden death of individuals requiring restraint for excited delirium. Am J Emerg Med 2001, 19: 187191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strote, J., Walsh, M., Angelidis, M., et al. Conducted electrical weapon use by law enforcement: an evaluation of safety and injury. J Trauma 2010, 68: 12391246.Google Scholar
Swerdlow, C. D., Fishbein, M. C., Chaman, L., et al. Presenting rhythm in sudden deaths temporally proximate to discharge of TASER conducted electrical weapons. Acad Emerg Med 2009, 16: 726739.Google Scholar
Taylor, B., Woods, D., Kubu, B., et al. Comparing safety outcomes in police use-of-force cases for law enforcement agencies that have deployed Conducted Energy Devices and a matched comparison group that have not: A quasi-experimental evaluation. National Institute of Justice 2009.Google Scholar
Valentino, D. J., Walter, R. J., Dennis, A. J., et al. TASER X26 discharges in swine: ventricular rhythm capture is dependent on discharge vector. J Trauma 2008, 65: 14781486.Google ScholarPubMed
Vilke, G. M., Bozeman, W. P., Chan, T. C. Emergency department evaluation after conducted energy weapon use: review of the literature for the clinician. J Emerg Med 2011, 40: 598604.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vilke, G. M., Bozeman, W. P., Dawes, D. M., et al. Excited Delirium Syndrome (ExDS): treatment options and considerations. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 2012, 19: 117121.Google Scholar
Vilke, G. M., Chan, T. C., Karch, S. Letter by Vilke et al. Regarding Article, “Sudden cardiac arrest and death following application of shocks from a TASER electronic control device”. Circulation January 1, 2013; 127(1):e258.Epub January 1, 2013.Google Scholar
Vilke, G. M., DeBard, M. L., Chan, T. C., et al. Excited Delirium Syndrome (ExDS): defining based on a review of the literature. J Emerg Med 2012, 43: 897905.Google Scholar
Vilke, G. M., Payne-James, J., Karch, S. Excited delirium syndrome (ExDS): redefining an old diagnosis. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 2012, 19: 711.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vilke, G. M., Sloane, C. M., Bouton, K. D., Kolkhorst, F. W., Levine, S. D., Neuman, T. S., Castillo, E. M., Chan, T. Physiological effects of a conducted electrical weapon on human subjects. Ann Emerg Med 2007, 50(5): 569575.Google Scholar
Vilke, G. M., Sloane, C., Levine, S., Neuman, T., Castillo, E., Chan, T. C. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram monitoring of subjects before and after voluntary exposure to the TASER X26. Am J Emerg Med 2008, 26(1): 14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vilke, G. M., Sloane, C. M., Suffecool, A., Kolkhorst, F. W., Neuman, T. S., Castillo, E. M., Chan, T. C. Physiologic effects of the TASER after exercise. Acad Emerg Med 2009, 16(8): 704710.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, M. P., Vilke, G. M. Mental illness and substance abuse. In: Cooney, D.. EMS Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2015, pp.362366.Google Scholar
Winslow, J. E., Bozeman, W. P., Fortner, M. C., et al. Thoracic compression fractures as a result of shock from a conducted energy weapon: a case report. Ann Emerg Med 2007, 50(5): 584586.Google Scholar
Zipes, D. P. Sudden cardiac arrest and death following application of shocks from a TASER electronic control device. Circulation 2012, 125: 24172422.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×