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13 - Advances in early diagnosis and differentiation of the dementias

from Part IV - Recent advances in dementia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 January 2010

By
Siân A Thompson ,
Peter J Nestor  and
John R Hodges
Edited by
Maria A. Ron  and
Trevor W. Robbins
Siân A Thompson
Affiliation:
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
Peter J Nestor
Affiliation:
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
John R Hodges
Affiliation:
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
Maria A. Ron
Affiliation:
Institute of Neurology, London
Trevor W. Robbins
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

Introduction

Over the past decades the concept of dementia has evolved from one of progressive global intellectual deterioration, to a syndrome of progressive impairment in memory and at least one other cognitive deficit (aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, or disturbance in executive function) in the absence of another explanatory central nervous system disorder, depression or delirium (DSM-IV). Furthermore, within this broad definition, the delineation of particular patterns of focal cognitive deficit associated with different dementia syndromes has greatly advanced over recent years. In epidemiological terms, dementia presents a significant problem; Alzheimer's disease alone affects 15 million people worldwide at present (Evans et al. 1989), and with the current demographic trend, this number will certainly increase.

With the advent of new and potentially disease-modifying therapies, attention has been focused on the need for reliable and early markers of dementia. In pursuit of this, a major expansion in dementia research has occurred, directed towards both identifying subjects in the preclinical phase of illness and differentiating between dementia syndromes of varying aetiologies. A number of approaches have been followed, encompassing the disciplines of neuropsychology, neuropsychiatry, structural and functional neuro-imaging and neurobiology (the search for biological markers of disease).

In this chapter we will discuss some of the advances that have occurred within the specialities of neuropsychology, neuropsychiatry and neuro-imaging. A comprehensive review of this rapidly expanding field would not be possible in this brief overview of the subject. We have, therefore, concentrated on a number of key topics related to early diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Type
Chapter
Information
Disorders of Brain and Mind , pp. 262 - 288
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2003

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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×