Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pftt2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-01T05:23:27.630Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2024

Diana T. Kudaibergen
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
The Kazakh Spring
Digital Activism and the Challenge to Dictatorship
, pp. 288 - 300
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agaidarov, A., Izvorski, I. V., and Rahardja, S. 2020. Kazakhstan Economic Update: Navigating the Crisis. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.Google Scholar
Akhmetova, K. A., Terzhanova, A., Akhmetova, A. A., Saduakassova, A. B., and Smailova, G. K. 2017. Economic integration: Advantages and risks for the Kazakhstan economy. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 8(26), pp. 1047–55.Google Scholar
Akhrarkhodjaeva, N. 2017. Instrumentalisation of Mass Media in Electoral Authoritarian Regimes: Evidence from Russia’s Presidential Election Campaigns of 2000 and 2008. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Alexander, C. 2018. Homeless in the homeland: Housing protests in Kazakhstan. Critique of Anthropology, 38(2), pp. 204–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, J. 2006. The Public Sphere. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Amanzholova, D. А. 2013. Alash: Historical Meaning of Democratic Choice. Almaty: Taimas Publishing House. [Алаш: исторический смысл демократического выбора. Издательский дом” Таймас”.]Google Scholar
Ambrosio, T. 2015. Leadership succession in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan: Regime survival after Nazarbayev and Karimov. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 17(1), pp. 4967.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anacker, S. 2004. Geographies of power in Nazarbayev’s Astana. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 45(7), pp. 515–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anceschi, L. 2017. Kazakhstani neo-Eurasianism and Nazarbayev’s anti-imperial foreign policy. In Bassin, M. and Pozo, G. (eds.), The Politics of Eurasianism: Identity, Culture and Russia’s Foreign Policy, pp. 283300. London: Rowman & Littlefield International.Google Scholar
Anceschi, L. 2021. After personalism: Rethinking power transfers in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 51(4), pp. 660–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arendt, H. 2007. The Origins of Totalitarianism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Becker, J. 2004. Lessons from Russia: A neo-authoritarian media system. European Journal of Communication, 19(2), pp. 139–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bekus, N., and Medeuova, K. 2017. Re-interpreting national ideology in the contemporary urban space of Astana. Urbanities, 7(2), pp. 1021.Google Scholar
Bernhard, M., Edgell, A., and Lindberg, S. I. 2016. Suicide by competition? Authoritarian institutional adaptation and regime fragility. Authoritarian Institutional Adaptation and Regime Fragility (October 1, 2016). V-Dem Working Paper, 37, pp. 1–44. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2851432.Google Scholar
Bernstein, A. 2013. An inadvertent sacrifice: Body politics and sovereign power in the Pussy Riot affair. Critical Inquiry, 40(1), pp. 220–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beysembayev, S. 2015. Fenomen kazakhskogo natsionalizma v kontektste segodniashnei politiki: ot otritsaniia k ponimaniiu. Almaty: Fond Soros-Kazakhstan, www.soros.kz/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/kazakh_nationalism.pdf.Google Scholar
Beysembayev, S. 2016. Violent extremism in Kazakhstan: The fertile soil of gang culture. Seminar at the Central Asia Program, The George Washington University, Washington, DC (12 January).Google Scholar
Bissenova, A. 2017. The fortress and the frontier: Mobility, culture, and class in Almaty and Astana. Europe-Asia Studies, 69(4), pp. 642–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blum, D. W. 2016. The Social Process of Globalization: Return Migration and Cultural Change in Kazakhstan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bohr, A., Mallinson, K., Nixey, J., et al. 2019. Kazakhstan: Tested by transition. Report. www.chathamhouse.org/2019/11/kazakhstan-tested-transition/5-identity-politics.Google Scholar
Boix, C., and Svolik, M. W. 2013. The foundations of limited authoritarian government: Institutions, commitment, and power-sharing in dictatorships. The Journal of Politics, 75(2), pp. 300–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botoeva, G., 2019. Use of language in blurring the lines between legality and illegality. In Polese, A., Russo, A., and Strazzari, F (eds.), Governance beyond the Law, pp. 6783. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
du Boulay, S., and du Boulay, H. 2021. New alphabets, old rules: Latinization, legacy, and liberation in Central Asia. Problems of Post-Communism, 68(2), pp. 135–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourdieu, P. 2014. On the State: Lectures at College de France. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Bunce, V., and Wolchik, S. 2009. Debating the color revolutions: Getting real about ‘real causes’. Journal of Democracy, 20(1), pp. 6973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caron, J. F., and Malikova, V. 2021. Understanding anti-regime activists’ failures during the 2019 Kazakhstan presidential election. In Caron, J. F. (ed.) Understanding Kazakhstan’s 2019 Political Transition, pp. 79100. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castells, M. 2015. Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Cohen, R., Newton-John, T., and Slater, A. 2017. The relationship between Facebook and Instagram appearance-focused activities and body image concerns in young women. Body Image, 23, pp. 183–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, K. 2006. Clan Politics and Regime Transition in Central Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooley, A., and Heathershaw, J. 2017. Dictators without Borders: Power and Money in Central Asia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Cummings, S. (ed.) 2004. Power and Change in Central Asia. Abingdon: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cummings, S. 2006a. Legitimation and identification in Kazakhstan. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 12(2), pp. 177204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cummings, S. 2006b. Kazakhstan: Power and Elite. London: IB Tauris.Google Scholar
Dave, B. 2007. Kazakhstan: Ethnicity, Language and Power. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Del Sordi, A. 2018. Sponsoring student mobility for development and authoritarian stability: Kazakhstan’s Bolashak programme. Globalizations, 15(2), pp. 215–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Della Porta, D., and Diani, M. 2001. Social Movements: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S., and Smith, L. T. (eds.) 2008. Handbook of Critical and Indigenous Methodologies. London: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diener, A. C. 2015. Assessing potential Russian irredentism and separatism in Kazakhstan’s northern oblasts. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 56(5), pp. 469–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diener, A. 2022. Multiscalar territorialization in Kazakhstan’s northern borderland. Geographical Review, 112(1), pp. 125–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubuisson, E. M. 2017. Living Language in Kazakhstan: The Dialogic Emergence of an Ancestral Worldview. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubuisson, E. M. 2020. Whose world? Discourses of protection for land, environment, and natural resources in Kazakhstan. Problems of Post-Communism, 69(4–5), pp. 410–22.Google Scholar
Duvanova, D. 2013. Building Business in Post-Communist Russia, Eastern Europe and Eurasia: Collective Goods, Selective Incentives, and Predatory States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ECFR. 2022. CSTO Intervention in Kazakhstan: What Is It About and What Is Russia’s Agenda? YouTube video. www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrqf9tyNIg4.Google Scholar
Edgar, A. 2006. Tribal Nation: The Making of Soviet Turkmenistan. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fairclough, I., and Fairclough, N. 2013. Political Discourse Analysis: A Method for Advanced Students. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faranda, R., and Nolle, D. B. 2011. Boundaries of ethnic identity in Central Asia: Titular and Russian perceptions of ethnic commonalities in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 34(4), pp. 620–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fauve, A. 2015. Global Astana: Nation branding as a legitimization tool for authoritarian regimes. Central Asian Survey, 34(1), pp. 110–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fierman, W. 1998. Language and identity in Kazakhstan: Formulations in policy documents 1987–1997. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 31(2), pp. 171–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fierman, W. 2009. Identity, symbolism, and the politics of language in Central Asia. Europe-Asia Studies, 61(7), pp. 1207–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisun, O. 2012. Rethinking post-Soviet politics from a neopatrimonial perspective. Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, https://ssrn.com/abstract=2645304, pp. 111.Google Scholar
Flesher Fominaya, C. 2015. Debunking spontaneity: Spain’s 15-M/Indignados as autonomous movement. Social Movement Studies, 14(2), pp. 142–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, M. 1977. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Galeotti, M. 2018. The Vory: Russia’s Super Mafia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Gandhi, J. 2008. Political Institutions under Dictatorship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gandhi, J., and Przeworski, A. 2007. Authoritarian institutions and the survival of autocrats. Comparative Political Studies, 40(11), pp. 12791301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gapova, E. 2015. Becoming visible in the digital age: The class and media dimensions of the Pussy Riot affair. Feminist Media Studies, 15(1), pp. 1835.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geddes, B., Wright, J. G., and Frantz, E. 2018. How Dictatorships Work: Power, Personalization, and Collapse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gehlbach, S., Sonin, K., and Svolik, M. W. 2016. Formal models of nondemocratic politics. Annual Review of Political Science, 19, pp. 565–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gel’man, V. 2015. Authoritarian Russia: Analyzing Post-Soviet Regime Changes. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gel’man, V. 2016. The vicious circle of post-Soviet neopatrimonialism in Russia. Post-Soviet Affairs, 32(5), pp. 455–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerschewski, J. 2013. The three pillars of stability: Legitimation, repression, and co-optation in autocratic regimes. Democratization, 2(1), pp. 1338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giddens, A. 1986. Durkheim on Politics and the State. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Glasius, M. 2018. What authoritarianism is … and is not: A practice perspective. International Affairs, 94(3), pp. 515–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gómez-Barris, M. 2018. Beyond the Pink Tide. Oakland: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene, S. A. 2013. Beyond Bolotnaia: Bridging old and new in Russia’s election protest movement. Problems of Post-Communism, 60(2), pp. 4052.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hale, H. E. 2011. Formal constitutions in informal politics: Institutions and democratization in post-Soviet Eurasia. World Politics, 63(4), pp. 581617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hale, H. E. 2014. Patronal Politics: Eurasian Regime Dynamics in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinrich, A., and Pleines, H. 2018. The meaning of ‘limited pluralism’ in media reporting under authoritarian rule. Politics and Governance, 6(2), pp. 103–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huntington, H. E. 2016. Pepper Spray Cop and the American dream: Using synecdoche and metaphor to unlock internet memes’ visual political rhetoric. Communication Studies, 67(1), pp. 7793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibadildin, N., and Pisareva, D. 2020. Central Asia in transition: Social contract transformation in Nazarbayev and post-Nazarbayev Kazakhstan. In Mihr, A. (ed.), Transformation and Development: Studies in the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Member States, pp. 101–16. Cham: Springer.Google Scholar
Ilyassov, D. 2020. (De)construction of queer identities based on their queer discourse in Kazakh. MA diss., Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.Google Scholar
Ince, J., Rojas, F., and Davis, C. A. 2017. The social media response to Black Lives Matter: How Twitter users interact with Black Lives Matter through hashtag use. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(11), pp. 1814–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Insebayeva, N. 2022. Modernity, Development and Decolonization of Knowledge in Central Asia: Kazakhstan as a Foreign Aid Donor. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Insebayeva, S., and Insebayeva, N. 2021. The power of ambiguity: National symbols, nation-building and political legitimacy in Kazakhstan. Europe-Asia Studies, 74(4), pp. 660–82.Google Scholar
Isaacs, R. 2010a. Informal politics and the uncertain context of transition: Revisiting early stage non-democratic development in Kazakhstan. Democratization, 17(1), pp. 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isaacs, R. 2010b. ‘Papa’–Nursultan Nazarbayev and the discourse of charismatic leadership and nation‐building in post‐Soviet Kazakhstan. Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, 10(3), pp. 435–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isaacs, R., 2011. Party System Formation in Kazakhstan: Between Formal and Informal Politics. Abingdon: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isaacs, R. 2013. Nur Otan, informal networks and the countering of elite instability in Kazakhstan: Bringing the ‘formal’ back in. Europe-Asia Studies, 65(6), pp. 1055–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isaacs, R. 2014. Neopatrimonialism and beyond: Reassessing the formal and informal in the study of Central Asian politics. Contemporary Politics, 20(2), pp. 229–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isaacs, R. 2019. The Kazakhstan Now! Hybridity and hipsters in Almaty. In Laruelle, M. (ed.), The Nazarbayev Generation: Youth in Kazakhstan. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, pp. 227–44.Google Scholar
Isaacs, R., and Frigerio, A. 2018. Theorizing Central Asian Politics: The State, Ideology and Power. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Jacquesson, S. 2012. From clan narratives to clan politics. Central Asian Survey, 31(3), pp. 277–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jäger, P. F. 2014. Flows of oil, flows of people: Resource-extraction industry, labour market and migration in western Kazakhstan. Central Asian Survey, 33(4), pp. 500–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jardine, B., Khashimov, S., Lemon, E., and Kyzy, A. U. 2020. Mapping patterns of dissent in Eurasia: Introducing the Central Asia protest tracker. The Oxus Society for Central Asian Affairs.Google Scholar
Jašina-Schäfer, A. 2019. Everyday experiences of place in the Kazakhstani borderland: Russian speakers between Kazakhstan, Russia, and the globe. Nationalities Papers, 47(1), pp. 3854.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Junisbai, B., and Junisbai, A. 2005. The Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan: A case study in economic liberalization, intraelite cleavage, and political opposition. Demokratizatsiya, 13(3), pp. 373–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Junisbai, B. 2010. A tale of two Kazakhstans: Sources of political cleavage and conflict in the post-Soviet period. Europe-Asia Studies, 62(2), pp. 235–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Junisbai, B., and Junisbai, A. 2019. Are youth different? The Nazarbayev generation and public opinion. In Laruelle, M. (ed.), The Nazarbayev Generation: Youth in Kazakhstan. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, pp. 2548.Google Scholar
Kabatova, K. 2018. Overcoming a taboo: Normalizing sexuality education in Kazakhstan. In Laruelle, M. (ed.), The Nazarbayev Generation: Youth in Kazakhstan. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, pp. 289304.Google Scholar
Kalandadze, K., and Orenstein, M. 2009. Electoral protests and democratization beyond the color revolutions. Comparative Political Studies, 42(11), pp. 1403–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karin, E. 2016. The Soldiers of the Caliphate: The Anatomy of a Terrorist Group. Astana: Kazakhstan Institute for Strategic Studies.Google Scholar
Kendirbai, G. T. 2020. Russian Practices of Governance in Eurasia: Frontier Power Dynamics, Sixteenth Century to Nineteenth Century. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerimray, A., De Miglio, R., Rojas-Solórzano, L., and Ó Gallachóir, B. P. 2018. Causes of energy poverty in a cold and resource-rich country: Evidence from Kazakhstan. Local Environment, 23(2), pp. 178–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koch, N. 2014. Bordering on the modern: Power, practice and exclusion in Astana. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 39(3), pp. 432–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koch, N. 2018. The Geopolitics of Spectacle: Space, Synecdoche, and the New Capitals of Asia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koch, N., and White, K. 2016. Cowboys, gangsters, and rural bumpkins: Constructing the ‘other’ in Kazakhstan’s ‘Texas’. In Laruelle, M. (ed.), Kazakhstan in the Making: Legitimacy, Symbols, and Social Changes, pp. 181207. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Kopeyeva, A. 2019. Understanding factors behind regional inequality in education in Kazakhstan. CAP Paper 224, July.Google Scholar
Kosnazarov, D. 2018. #Hashtag activism: Youth, social media, and politics. In Laruelle, M. (ed.), The Nazarbayev Generation: Youth in Kazakhstan, pp. 247–68. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Kudaibergenova, D. T. 2015. The ideology of development and legitimation: Beyond ‘Kazakhstan 2030’. Central Asian Survey, 34(4), pp. 440–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kudaibergenova, D. T. 2016. The use and abuse of postcolonial discourses in post-independent Kazakhstan. Europe-Asia Studies, 68(5), pp. 917–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kudaibergenova, D. T. 2017a. Rewriting the Nation in Modern Kazakh Literature: Elites and Narratives. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Kudaibergenova, D. T. 2017b. Contemporary public art and nation: Contesting ‘tradition’ in post-socialist cultures and societies. Central Asian Affairs, 4(4), pp. 305–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kudaibergenova, D. T. 2018. Punk shamanism, revolt and break-up of traditional linkage: The waves of cultural production in post-Soviet Kazakhstan. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 21(4), pp. 435–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kudaibergenova, D. T. 2019a. The body global and the body traditional: A digital ethnography of Instagram and nationalism in Kazakhstan and Russia. Central Asian Survey, 38(3), pp. 363–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kudaibergenova, D. T. 2019b. Compartmentalized ideology and nation-building in non-democratic states. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 52(3), pp. 247–57.Google Scholar
Kudaibergenova, D. T. 2020. Toward Nationalizing Regimes: Conceptualizing Power and Identity in the Post-Soviet Realm. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kudaibergenova, D. T. 2021. Power, knowledge, and the ‘self’ in everyday normalization of the political truth. Problems of Post-Communism, 68(2), pp. 151–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kudaibergen, D. T. 2024. What Does It Mean to Be Kazakhstani? London: Hurst Publishers.Google Scholar
Kudaibergenova, D. T., and Shin, B. 2018. Authors and authoritarianism in Central Asia: Failed agency and nationalising authoritarianism in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. Asian Studies Review, 42(2), pp. 304–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kudebayeva, A., and Barrientos, A. 2017. A decade of poverty reduction in Kazakhstan 2001–2009: Growth and/or redistribution? Journal of International Development, 29(8), pp. 1166–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kulsariyeva, A. 2014. National idea ‘Mangilik El’ (eternal nation) and concept ‘zheruiyk’ (promised land) in the ideological discourse of modern Kazakhstan. Science and Society, 2(2), pp. 92100.Google Scholar
Kuttykadam, S. 2010. Kazakhskaia Drama: Na scene i za Kulisami: Istoria Sovremennogo Kazakhstana. Almaty: Knizhnyi klub.Google Scholar
Kuzio, T. 1988. Nationalist riots in Kazakhstan. Central Asian Survey, 7(4), pp. 79100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laruelle, M. 2004. The two faces of contemporary Eurasianism: An imperial version of Russian nationalism. Nationalities Papers, 32(1), pp. 115–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laruelle, M. 2012. Discussing neopatrimonialism and patronal presidentialism in the Central Asian context. Demokratizatsiya, 20(4), pp. 301–24.Google Scholar
Laruelle, M. 2014. The three discursive paradigms of state identity in Kazakhstan. In Omelicheva, M. (ed.), Nationalism and Identity Construction in Central Asia: Dimensions, Dynamics, and Directions. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, pp. 120.Google Scholar
Laruelle, M. 2016. Which future for national-patriots? The landscape of Kazakh nationalism. In Laruelle, M. (ed.), Kazakhstan in the Making: Legitimacy, Symbols, and Social Changes, pp. 155–81. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Laruelle, M. 2018. Why no Kazakh Novorossiya? Kazakhstan’s Russian minority in a post-Crimea world. Problems of Post-Communism, 65(1), pp. 6578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laruelle, , M. 2020. Making sense of Russia’s illiberalism. Journal of Democracy, 31, pp. 115–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laruelle, M. 2021. Central Peripheries: Nationhood in Central Asia. London: UCL Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laruelle, M., Royce, D., and Beyssembayev, S. 2019. Untangling the puzzle of ‘Russia’s influence’ in Kazakhstan. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 60(2), pp. 211–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laszczkowski, M. 2016. ‘City of the Future’: Built Space, Modernity and Urban Change in Astana. New York: Berghahn Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ledeneva, A. V. 2013. Can Russia Modernise? Sistema, Power Networks and Informal Governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lenz-Raymann, K. 2014. Securitization of Islam: A Vicious Circle. Counter-Terrorism and Freedom of Religion in Central Asia. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag.Google Scholar
Linz, J. 2000. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loewe, S. 2015. When protest becomes art: The contradictory transformations of the Occupy Movement at Documenta 13 and Berlin Biennale 7. FIELD: A Journal of Socially-Engaged Art Criticism, 1, pp. 185203.Google Scholar
Lucento, A. 2017. Care outside the comfort zone: Maternal aesthetics, Katrin Nenasheva and the new politics of performance art in Russia. Performance Research, 22(4), pp. 7988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magaloni, B. 2008. Credible power-sharing and the longevity of authoritarian rule. Comparative Political Studies, 41(4–5), pp. 715–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marat, E. 2018. The Politics of Police Reform: Society against the State in Post-Soviet Countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matveeva, A. 2009. Legitimizing Central Asian authoritarianism: Political manipulation and symbolic power. Europe-Asia Studies, 61(7), pp. 1095–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mazorenko, D., and Kaisar, A. 2022. On the ground in Kazakhstan’s protests: What really happened? Open Democracy, 27 January 2022, www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/what-really-happened-kazakhstan-protests-january/.Google Scholar
McGlinchey, E. 2011. Chaos, Violence, Dynasty: Politics and Islam in Central Asia. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKee, Y. 2016. Strike Art: Contemporary Art and the Post-Occupy Condition. London: Verso Books.Google Scholar
Milner, R. M. 2013. Pop polyvocality: Internet memes, public participation, and the Occupy Wall Street movement. International Journal of Communication, 7, p. 2357-2390.Google Scholar
Moldabekov, D. 2022. Dostoinstvo [Dignity], Adamdar.ca, available online at https://adamdar.ca/en/post/dostoinstvo-2/279.Google Scholar
Montgomery, D. W., and Heathershaw, J. 2016. Islam, secularism and danger: A reconsideration of the link between religiosity, radicalism and rebellion in Central Asia. Religion, State & Society, 44(3), pp. 192218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, J. 2006. Illusory transition? Elite reconstitution in Kazakhstan, 1989–2002. Europe-Asia Studies, 58(4), pp. 523–54.Google Scholar
Nazarbayev, N. 2008. The Kazakhstan Way. London: Stacey International.Google Scholar
Nazarbayev, N. 2014. Kazakhstan’s Way–2050: Common Aim, Common Interests, Common Future. Address of the President of Kazakhstan to the Nation.Google Scholar
Nusimbekov, T. 2022. The night: About the events on January 4–5 in Almaty, Adamdar.ca, available online at https://adamdar.ca/en/post/the-night/278.Google Scholar
Olcott, M. B. 1990. Perestroyka in Kazakhstan. Problems of Communism, 39, pp. 6577.Google Scholar
Olcott, M. B. 2010. Kazakhstan: Unfulfilled Promise. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orakbaeva, S. 2011. Government regulation of housing. Vestnik KazNU. Seriya Ekonomicheskaya, 84(2), pp. 127–9.Google Scholar
Østbø, J. 2017. Demonstrations against demonstrations: The dispiriting emotions of the Kremlin’s social media ‘mobilization’. Social Movement Studies, 16(3), pp. 283–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quijano, A. 2007. Coloniality and modernity/rationality. Cultural Studies, 21(2–3), pp. 168–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paksoy, H. B. 2016. Alma-Ata, December 1986. In Paksoy, H. B. (ed.), Central Asia Reader: The Rediscovery of History, pp. 160–4. Abingdon: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, K. 2014. Two can play at that game: Social media opportunities in Azerbaijan for government and opposition. Demokratizatsiya, 22(1), pp. 3966.Google Scholar
Peyrouse, S. 2016. The Kazakh neopatrimonial regime. In Laruelle, M. (ed.), Kazakhstan in the Making: Legitimacy, Symbols, and Social Changes, pp. 2962. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Pink, S., Horst, H., Postill, J., et al. 2016. Digital Ethnography: Principles and Practice. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Poell, T. 2020. Social media, temporality, and the legitimacy of protest. Social Movement Studies, 19(5–6), pp. 609–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prozorov, S. 2014. Pussy Riot and the politics of profanation: Parody, performativity, veridiction. Political Studies, 62(4), pp. 766–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Przeworski, A., 2022. Formal models of authoritarian regimes: A critique. Perspectives on Politics, pp. 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radnitz, S. 2021. Revealing Schemes: The Politics of Conspiracy in Russia and the Post-Soviet Region. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reuter, O. J., and Szakonyi, D. 2015. Online social media and political awareness in authoritarian regimes. British Journal of Political Science, 45(1), pp. 2951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rorlich, A. A. 2003. Islam, identity and politics: Kazakhstan, 1990–2000. Nationalities Papers, 31(2), pp. 157–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, A. S., and Rivers, D. J. 2017. Digital cultures of political participation: Internet memes and the discursive delegitimization of the 2016 US presidential candidates. Discourse, Context & Media, 16, pp. 111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rottier, P. 2003. The Kazakness of sedentarization: Promoting progress as tradition in response to the land problem. Central Asian Survey, 22(1), pp. 6781.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruzanov, R., and Zharlygasinov, T. 2021. Corruption in the healthcare sector during the COVID-19 pandemic: Causes, consequences and responses. Economics: The Strategy and Practice, 16(3), pp. 217–26.Google Scholar
Salimjan, G. 2017. Debating gender and Kazakhness: Memory and voice in poetic duel aytis between China and Kazakhstan. Central Asian Survey, 36(2), pp. 263–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanghera, B., and Satybaldieva, E. 2021. Rentier Capitalism and Its Discontents. Cham: Springer International Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Satpayev, D., and Umbetaliyeva, Т. 2015. The protests in Zhanaozen and the Kazakh oil sector: Conflicting interests in a rentier state. Journal of Eurasian Studies, 6(2), pp. 122–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakhanova, G. 2018. Being in close neighborhood with Russia: The Kazakhstan’s state-framed identity and Latinization of the script. An attempt for Westernization or creating own subalternity? Journal of Central Asian Studies, 25(1), pp. 124.Google Scholar
Sharipova, 2019. Youth organizations and state–society relations in Kazakhstan: The durability of the Leninist legacy. In Caron, F. (ed.), Kazakhstan and the Soviet Legacy, pp. 139–54. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Sharipova, D., and Beissembayev, S. 2021. Causes of violent extremism in Central Asia: The case of Kazakhstan. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 46(9), pp. 1702–24.Google Scholar
Schatz, E. 2004. Modern Clan Politics: The Power of ‘Blood’ in Kazakhstan and Beyond. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Schatz, E. 2009. The soft authoritarian tool kit: Agenda-setting power in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Comparative Politics, 41(2), pp. 203–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shelekpayev, N. 2021. Rethinking transfers of power and public protest in Kazakhstan, 1959–1989. Europe-Asia Studies, 74(5), pp. 857–71.Google Scholar
Shilton, S. 2021. Art and the Arab Spring: Aesthetics of Revolution and Resistance in Tunisia and Beyond. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shoshanova, S. 2021. Queer identity in the contemporary art of Kazakhstan. Central Asian Survey, 40(1), pp. 113–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, L. T. 2021. Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples. London: Zed Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smyth, R. 2018. Considering the orange legacy: Patterns of political participation in the Euromaidan revolution. Post-Soviet Affairs, 34(5), pp. 297316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorbello, P. 2021. Industrial relations in Kazakhstan’s oil sector (1991–2019). Doctoral dissertation, Unversity of Glasgow.Google Scholar
Sultanbayeva, Z., and Nuryeva, A. 2016. Art Atmosphere of Almat-Ata. Almaty: TOO Service Press.Google Scholar
Suny, R. G. 2001. Constructing primordialism: Old histories for new nations. The Journal of Modern History, 73(4), pp. 862–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Svolik, M. W. 2012. The Politics of Authoritarian Rule. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Svolik, M. W. 2013. Contracting on violence: The moral hazard in authoritarian repression and military intervention in politics. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 57(5), pp. 765–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarrow, S. 1998. Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ten, Y. 2020. Gender nonconformity and homosexuality in Kazakhstan’s contemporary visual culture. MA in Eurasian Studies dissertation. Nazarbayev University, Astana.Google Scholar
Tlostanova, M. 2018. What Does It Mean to Be Post-Soviet? Decolonial Art from the Ruins of the Soviet Empire. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Totaro, M. 2021. Nightmarizing states: Affective encounters with counter-extremism in Kazakhstan. Problems of Post-Communism, 68(2), pp. 141–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tutumlu, A., 2019. Governmentalization of the Kazakhstani state: Between governmentality and neopatrimonial capitalism. In Isaacs, R. and Frigerio, A. (eds.), Theorizing Central Asian Politics: The State, Ideology and Power, pp. 4364. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tutumlu, A., and Imyarova, Z. 2021. The Kazakhstani Soviet not? Reading Nazarbayev’s Kazakhstani-ness through Brezhnev’s Soviet people. Central Asian Survey, 40(3), pp. 400–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tutumlu, A., and Rustemov, I. 2021. The paradox of authoritarian power: Bureaucratic games and information asymmetry. The case of Nazarbayev’s Kazakhstan. Problems of Post-Communism, 68(2), pp. 124–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Udod, X. 2018. Feminisms in Kazakhstan: On the intersection of global influences and local contexts. MA in Eurasian Studies dissertation. Nazarbayev University, Astana.Google Scholar
Urinboyev, R. 2020. Migration and Hybrid Political Regimes. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Urinboyev, R., and Svensson, M. 2013. Living law, legal pluralism, and corruption in post-Soviet Uzbekistan. The Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law, 45(3), pp. 372–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uyama, T. 2000. The Geography of Civilizations: A Spatial Analysis of the Kazakh Intelligentsia’s Activities, from the Mid-Nineteenth to the Early Twentieth Century. Sapporo: Slavic Research Center.Google Scholar
Wacquant, L. J., and Bourdieu, P. 1992. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Way, L. 2008. The real causes of the color revolutions. Journal of Democracy, 19(3), pp. 5569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wedeen, L. 1998. Acting ‘as if’: Symbolic politics and social control in Syria. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 40(3), pp. 503–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wedeen, L. 1999. Ambiguities of Domination. Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Wedeen, L. 2009. Peripheral Visions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Wedeen, L. 2019. Authoritarian Apprehensions: Ideology, Judgment, and Mourning in Syria. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfel, R. L. 2002. North to Astana: Nationalistic motives for the movement of the Kazakh (stani) capital. Nationalities Papers, 30(3), pp.485506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yablokov, I. 2018. Fortress Russia: Conspiracy Theories in the Post-Soviet World. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Yemelianova, G. M. 2014. Islam, national identity and politics in contemporary Kazakhstan. Asian Ethnicity, 15(3), pp. 286301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yessenova, S. 2005. ‘Routes and roots’ of Kazakh identity: Urban migration in postsocialist Kazakhstan. The Russian Review, 64(4), pp. 661–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yessenova, S. 2010. Borrowed places: Eviction wars and property rights formalization in Kazakhstan. In Wood, D. C. (ed.), Economic Action in Theory and Practice: Anthropological Investigations. Leeds: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.Google Scholar
Yurchak, A. 2013. Everything Was Forever, Until It Was No More: The Last Soviet Generation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zakirov, B. 2021. Authoritarian stability in Uzbekistan under patronal president Islam Karimov. Central Asian Affairs, 8(3), pp. 273–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Diana T. Kudaibergen, University of Cambridge
  • Book: The Kazakh Spring
  • Online publication: 16 May 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009454230.011
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Diana T. Kudaibergen, University of Cambridge
  • Book: The Kazakh Spring
  • Online publication: 16 May 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009454230.011
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Diana T. Kudaibergen, University of Cambridge
  • Book: The Kazakh Spring
  • Online publication: 16 May 2024
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009454230.011
Available formats
×