Book contents
- Stroke
- Stroke
- Copyright page
- Epigraph
- Dedication
- Contents
- Preface
- One The Ventricles
- Two The Force of Blood
- Three Congestion
- Four Forgotten Forms of Apoplexy
- Five Haemorrhage
- Six Ramollissement
- Seven Thrombosis and Embolism
- Eight No Man’s Land: The Neck Arteries
- Nine Lacunes
- Ten Stroke Warnings
- Eleven Saccular Aneurysms
- Twelve Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
- Epilogue
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Index
- References
References
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 July 2023
Book contents
- Stroke
- Stroke
- Copyright page
- Epigraph
- Dedication
- Contents
- Preface
- One The Ventricles
- Two The Force of Blood
- Three Congestion
- Four Forgotten Forms of Apoplexy
- Five Haemorrhage
- Six Ramollissement
- Seven Thrombosis and Embolism
- Eight No Man’s Land: The Neck Arteries
- Nine Lacunes
- Ten Stroke Warnings
- Eleven Saccular Aneurysms
- Twelve Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
- Epilogue
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Index
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- StrokeA History of Ideas, pp. 395 - 428Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2023
References
Aber, GA and Hutchinson, CE. Edward Charles Hutchinson. British Medical Journal 2002;325:498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abercrombie, J. Researches on the pathology of the brain; part II, on apoplexy. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal 1818a;14:553–92.Google ScholarPubMed
Abercrombie, J. Observations on chronic inflammation of the brain and its membranes. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal 1818b;14:265–327.Google ScholarPubMed
Abercrombie, J. Researches on the pathology of the brain: part III, on paralysis. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal 1819;15:1–33.Google ScholarPubMed
Abercrombie, J. Pathological and Practical Researches on Diseases of the Brain and the Spinal Cord. Edinburgh, Waugh and Innes, 1828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acheson, J, Danta, G, and Hutchinson, EC. Controlled trial of dipyridamole in cerebral vascular disease. British Medical Journal 1969;1:614–15.Google Scholar
Acheson, J and Hutchinson, EC. Observations on the natural history of transient cerebral ischaemia. The Lancet 1964;284:871–4.Google Scholar
Ackerknecht, EH. Rudolf Virchow: Arzt, Politiker, Anthropologe. Stuttgart, Ferdinand Enke, 1957.Google Scholar
Ackerknecht, EH. Medicine at the Paris Hospital 1794–1848. Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1967.Google Scholar
Adams, GF, Merrett, JD, Hutchinson, WM, et al. Cerebral embolism and mitral stenosis: survival with and without anticoagulants. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1974;37:378–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Albury, WR. Broussais, François-Joseph-Victor. In Bynum, WF and Bynum, H, eds. Dictionary of Medical Biography. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 2007, 266–8.Google Scholar
Ameli, NO and Ashby, DW. Non-traumatic thrombosis of the carotid artery. The Lancet 1949;254:1078–82.Google Scholar
Anders, HE and Eicke, WJ. Über Veränderungen an Gehirngefässen bei Hypertonie. Archiv für den gesamten Neurologie und Psychiatrie 1939;167:562–75.Google Scholar
Anders, HE and Eicke, WJ. Die Gehirngefässe beim Hochdruck. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 1940;112:1–44.Google Scholar
Anderson, RM and Schechter, MM. A case of spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the internal carotid artery. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1959;22:195–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andral, G. Clinique médicale – Maladies de l’Encéphale. Paris, Deville Cavellin, 1833.Google Scholar
Andrell, O. Thrombosis of the internal carotid artery: a clinical study of 9 cases. Acta Medica Scandinavica 1943;114:336–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anonymous. Observation d’hémiplégie, avec ramollissement du cerveau. Nouvelle Bibliothèque Médicale 1824;6:363–6.Google Scholar
Anonymous. Discussion du mémoire de M. Rochoux sur l’hypertrophie du coeur considérée comme cause de l’apoplexie et le système de Gall. Archives Générales de Médecine 1836;II –11:107–12.Google Scholar
Anonymous. Observation d’inflammation de la carotide interne, avec ramollissement du cerveau, suivie de réflections sur cette observation. Gazette Médicale de Paris 1838;VI:54.Google Scholar
Anonymous. Ramollissement du cerveau. Archives Générales de Médecine 1840;III–8:219–21.Google Scholar
Anonymous. Eliza Walker Dunbar M.D. Zürich, L.R.C.P.I., L.M. Bristol Medico-Chirurgical Journal 1925b;42:197–8.Google Scholar
Anonymous. An evaluation of anticoagulant therapy in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease. Report of the Veterans Administration cooperative study of atherosclerosis, Neurology Section. Neurology 1961;11:132–8.Google Scholar
Arab, A. Hyalinose artériolaire cérébrale; essai de synthèse anatomo-clinique. Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie, Neurochirurgie, und Psychiatrie 1959;84:1–33.Google Scholar
Aretaeus, . De Causis et Signis acutorum, et diuturnorum Morborum, Libri quatuor; de Curatio acutorum, et diuturnorum Morborum, Libri quatuor. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Janssonios van der Aa 1735 [c.
150].Google Scholar
Argyll Robertson, D. Four cases of spinal miosis: with remarks on the action of light on the pupil. Edinburgh Medical Journal 1869;15:487–93.Google Scholar
Aselli, G. De Lactibus sive lacteis Venis, quarto Vasorum mesaraicorum Genere novo invento. Mediolanum, Giovanni Battista Bidelli, 1627.Google Scholar
Askenasy, HM, Kosary, IZ, and Braham, J. Thrombosis of the longitudinal sinus. Diagnosis by carotid angiography. Neurology 1962;12:288–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Askey, JM. Hemiplegia following carotid sinus stimulation. American Heart Journal 1946;31:131–7.Google Scholar
Astruc, P. À propos du centenaire de la thermométrie clinique. Progrès Médical 1952;80:543–4.Google Scholar
Atkinson, EA, Fairburn, B, and Heathfield, KW. Intracranial venous thrombosis as complication of oral contraception. The Lancet 1970;295:914–18.Google Scholar
Auenbrugger, L. Inventum novum ex Percussione Thoracis humani ut Signo abstrusos interni Pectoris Morbos detegendi. Vindobonae, Joannis Thomas Trattner, 1761.Google Scholar
Bailey, OT and Hass, GM. Dural sinus thrombosis in early life: recovery from the acute thrombosis of the superior longitudinal sinus and its relation to certain acquired cerebral lesions in childhood. Brain 1937;60:293–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baillie, M. A Series of Engravings, Accompanied with Explanations, which Are Intended to Illustrate the Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body. London, J. Johnson and G. Nicol, 1803.Google Scholar
Baillie, M. The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body, 4th edn, London, J. Johnson and G. Nicol, 1812.Google Scholar
Baker, RN. Anticoagulant therapy in cerebral infarction; report on cooperative study. Neurology 1962;12:823–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, RN, Ramseyer, JC, and Schwartz, WS. Prognosis in patients with transient cerebral ischemic attacks. Neurology 1968;18:1157–65.Google Scholar
Ball, P. The Devil’s Doctor: Paracelsus and the World of Renaissance Magic and Science. London, William Heinemann, 2006.Google Scholar
Barbé, A and Lévy-Valensi, J. Lacunes de désintégration cellulaire dans un système nerveux d’hérédosyphilitique. Revue Neurologique 1908;16:339–40.Google Scholar
Barberis, I, Bragazzi, NL, Galluzzo, L, et al. The history of tuberculosis: from the first historical records to the isolation of Koch’s bacillus. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene 2017;58:E9–12.Google Scholar
Bard, L. Du liquide céphalo-rachidien hémorragique. Comptes Rendus des Séances et Mémoires de la Société de Biologie 1901;53:747–8.Google Scholar
Barnett, HJ and Hyland, HH. Noninfective intracranial venous thrombosis. Brain 1953;76:36–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barré, J-A, Philippidès, D, and Isch, F. Thrombose de la carotide interne. Étude clinique, artério et encéphalographique. Revue Neurologique 1947;79:442–4, 662–4.Google Scholar
Bartholow, R. Aneurysms at the arteries at the base of the brain: their symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 1872;44:373–86.Google Scholar
Battacharji, SK, Hutchinson, EC, and McCall, AJ. The circle of Willis: the incidence of developmental abnormalities in normal and infarcted brains. Brain 1967;90:747–58.Google Scholar
Bauhinus, C. Theatrum anatomicum, novis Figuris aeneis illustratum et in Lucem emissum. Francofurti, M. Becker, 1605.Google Scholar
Baumgarten, P. Über gummöse Syphilis des Gehirns und Rückenmarks, namentlich der Gehirngefässe, und uber das Verhältniss dieser Erkrankungen zu den entsprechenden tuberculösen Affectionen. Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin 1881;86:179–221.Google Scholar
Bayle, ALJ. Traité des Maladies du Cerveau et de ses Membranes. Paris, Gabon et Cie, 1826.Google Scholar
Becquerel, A. Rapport sur le mémoire présenté par M. E. Bouchut à la Société Médicale des Hôpitaux. Actes de la Société Médicale des Hôpitaux de Paris 1850;1:44–50.Google Scholar
Béhier, J. Coagulations veineuses multiples, suite de couches. Ramollissement et hémorrhagie cérébrale. Gazette des Hôpitaux Civils et Militaires 1874;47:489–90.Google Scholar
Béhier, J and Bourgeois, D. Sur la gangrène des membres dans la fièvre typhoide. Bulletin de la Société Médicale des Hôpitaux de Paris 1857;III–1:412–32, 488–92, 501–14.Google Scholar
Beitzke, H. Die Rolle der kleinen Aneurysmen bei den Massenblutungen des Gehirns. Verhandlungen der Deutschen pathologischen Gesellschaft 1936;29:74–80.Google Scholar
Bell, BA. Wylie McKissock: reminiscences of a commanding figure in British neurosurgery. British Journal of Neurosurgery 1996;10:9–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beller, AJ. Benign post-traumatic intracranial hypertension. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1964;27:149–52.Google Scholar
Benda, CE. Désiré Magloire Bourneville. In Haymaker, W and Schiller, F, eds. The Founders of Neurology. Springfield, IL, Charles C. Thomas, 1970, 410–13.Google Scholar
Bennett, HJ. Pathological and histological researches on inflammation of the nervous centres. Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal 1843;60:376–99.Google Scholar
Benson, A. Recurrent temporary visual obscurations. Transactions of the Eighth International Ophthalmological Congress. Edinburgh, T. and A. Constable, 1894, 81–90.Google Scholar
Benton, AL and Joynt, RJ. Early descriptions of aphasia. Archives of Neurology 1960;3:205–22.Google Scholar
Bertoloni Meli, D. Visualizing Disease: The Art and History of Pathological Illustrations. Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Beyer, J. Lycosthenes. www.bbkl.de/public/index.php/frontend/lexicon/L/Ly/lycosthenes-conrad-61950. [Accessed 27 April 2022]Google Scholar
Biemond, A. Thrombosis of the basilar artery and the vascularization of the brain stem. Brain 1951;74:300–17.Google Scholar
Binswanger, O. Die Abgrenzung der allgemeinen progressiven Paralyse. Berliner medizinische Wochenschrift 1894;31:1103–5, 1137–9, 1180–6.Google Scholar
Biumi, F. Carotis ad receptaculum Vieussenii aneurysmatica, etc. In Sandifort, E, ed. Thesaurus Dissertationum programmatum, alioriumque opusculorum selectissimorum, ad omnem Medicinae Ambitum pertinentem. Lugdunum Batavorum, S. and J. Luchtmans, P. v.d. Eijk, and D. Vijgh, 1778 [1765], 373–9.Google Scholar
Blackall, J. Observations on the Nature and Cure of Dropsies. London, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1813.Google Scholar
Blackwood, W, Hallpike, JF, Kocen, RS, et al. Atheromatous disease of the carotid arterial system and embolism from the heart in cerebral infarction: a morbid anatomical study. Brain 1969;92:897–910.Google Scholar
Blane, G. Case of aneurisms of the carotid arteries. Transactions of a Society for the Improvement of Medical and Chirurgical Knowledge 1800;193–8.Google Scholar
Boerhaave, H. Aphorismi de cognoscendis et curandis Morbis in Usum domesticae Doctrinae digesti. Lugdunum Batavorum, Apud Johannem van der Linden, 1709.Google Scholar
Boerhaave, H. Atrocis, nec descripti prius, Morbi Historia. Secundum medicae Artis Leges conscripta. Lugdunum Batavorum, Boutestein, 1724.Google Scholar
Boerhaave, H and van Eems, J. Praelectiones academicae de Morbis Nervorum. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Petrum van der Eyk et Cornelium de Pecker, 1761.Google Scholar
Böhne, C. Über die Bedeutung der Hirnerweichung in der Pathogenese der kompakten apoplektischen Hirnblutung. Zeitschrift für den gesamten Neurologie und Psychiatrie 1931;137:611–20.Google Scholar
Bonetus, T. Sepulchretum, sive Anatomia practica ex Cadaveribus Morbo denatis. Genevae, Sumptibus Leonardo Chouët, 1679.Google Scholar
Bonner, TN. Rendezvous in Zurich; seven who made a revolution in women’s medical education, 1864–1874. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 1989;44:7–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borte, G. Leben und Wirkungsstätten von Julius Cohnheim. Zentralblatt für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie 1985;130:291–7.Google Scholar
Botterell, EH, Lougheed, WM, Scott, JW, et al. Hypothermia, and interruption of carotid, or carotid and vertebral circulation, in the surgical management of intracranial aneurysms. Journal of Neurosurgery 1956;13:1–42.Google Scholar
Bouchard, C-J. Étude sur quelques points de la pathogénie des hémorrhagies cérébrales. Thesis Paris, 1866.Google Scholar
Bouchut, E. Mémoire sur la nature du ramollissement cérébrale sénile. Actes de la Société Médicale des Hôpitaux de Paris 1850;1:37–43.Google Scholar
Bouley, BA. Pious Postmortems: Anatomy, Sanctity, and the Catholic Church in Early Modern Europe. Philadelphia, PA, University of Philadelphia Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Bouquin, C. Lithographie. In Fouché, P, et al., eds. Dictionnaire encyclopédique du Livre. Paris, Éditions du Cercle de la Librairie, 2005, 780–3.Google Scholar
Bourneville, . Études cliniques et thermométriques sur les maladies du système nerveux. Thesis Paris, 1872.Google Scholar
Bourneville, . De l’hémianesthésie liée à une lésion d’un hémisphère du cerveau. Presse Médicale 1873;1:244–6.Google Scholar
Brain, WR. Diseases of the Nervous System, 6th edn, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1962.Google Scholar
Bramwell, B. Case of aneurism of the right internal carotid artery. Edinburgh Medical Journal 1886;32:97–101.Google Scholar
Bramwell, E. A case of leaking aneurism of the circle of Willis and two cases of recurrent oculo-motor paralysis: a clinical comparison. Edinburgh Medical Journal 1931;38:689–95.Google Scholar
Breugelmans, R and Gnirrep, K. Bibliografie. In Bosman-Jelgersma, HA, ed. Petrus Forestus Medicus. Duivendrecht, Drukkerij Stolwijk, 1997, 17–116.Google Scholar
Brewer, DB. Max Schultze (1865), G. Bizzozero (1882) and the discovery of the platelet. British Journal of Haematology 2006;133:251–8.Google Scholar
Brice, JG, Dowsett, DJ, and Lowe, RD. Haemodynamic effects of carotid artery stenosis. British Medical Journal 1964a;1:1363–6.Google Scholar
Brice, JG, Dowsett, DJ, and Lowe, RD. The effect of constriction on carotid blood-flow and pressure gradient. The Lancet 1964b;283:84–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bricheteau, I. Considérations et observations sur l’apoplexie. Journal Complémentaire du Dictionnaire des Sciences Médicales 1818;1:129–52, 289–317.Google Scholar
Bricheteau, I. De l’influence de la circulation sur les fonctions cérébrales, et de la connection de l’hypertrophie du coeur avec quelques lésions du cerveau. Journal Complémentaire du Dictionnaire des Sciences Médicales 1819;4:17–37.Google Scholar
Bright, R. Reports of Medical Cases, Selected with a View of Illustrating the Symptoms and Cure of Diseases by a Reference to Morbid Anatomy. London, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1827–31.Google Scholar
Bright, R. Cases illustrative of the effects produced when the arteries and the brain are diseased, selected chiefly with a view to the diagnosis in such affections. Guy’s Hospital Reports 1836;1:1–40.Google Scholar
Brigo, F, Lattanzi, S, Trinka, E, et al. First descriptions of tuberous sclerosis by Désiré-Magloire Bourneville (1840–1909). Neuropathology 2018;38:577–82.Google Scholar
Brinton, W. Report on cases of cerebral aneurisms. Transactions of the Pathological Society of London 1852;3:47–9, 49–51.Google Scholar
Brisman, R and Abbassioun, K. Familial intracranial aneurysms. Journal of Neurosurgery 1971;34:678–82.Google Scholar
Brissaud, E and Souques, A. Maladies de l’encéphale. In Bouchard, CJ and Brissaud, E, eds. Traité de médecine, vol. ix. Paris, Masson et Cie, 1904, 1–346.Google Scholar
Bristowe, JS. Analysis of seven cases of obstruction of the cerebral arteries. Transactions of the Pathological Society of London 1859a;10:44–58.Google Scholar
Bristowe, JS. Syphilitic (?) disease of the brain and liver; with obstruction by clots of cerebral arteries. Transactions of the Pathological Society of London 1859b;10:21–4.Google Scholar
Broadbent, WH. Absence of pulsation in both radial arteries, the vessels being full of blood. Transactions of the Clinical Society 1875;8:165–8.Google Scholar
Broadbridge, AT and Leslie, EV. Cerebral angiographic contrast media; a comparison of hypaque 45% and urografin 60% and an assessment of the relative clinical toxicity of urografin 60%, hypaque 45%, diaginol 25% and diodone 35% in carotid arteriography. British Journal of Radiology 1958;31:556–60.Google Scholar
Broca, P. Remarques sur le siège de la faculté du langage articulé, suivies d’une observation d’aphémie (perte de la parole). Bulletin de la Société Anatomique 1861;II–6:330–57.Google Scholar
Brock, WH. The Norton History of Chemistry. New York, NY, W. W. Norton & Company, 1992.Google Scholar
Brookfield, DS. A case of primary cerebral venous thrombosis. Postgraduate Medical Journal 1974;50:765–6.Google Scholar
Brunner, JC. De apoplexia, post quinquennium recurrens fortissima à sanguine extravasato, cum capitis anatome. Miscellanea Curiosa, sive Ephemeridum Medico-Physicarum Germanicarum Academiae Caesareo-Leopoldinae Naturae Curiosorum – Decuriae III 1694;1:271–8.Google Scholar
Buchheit, WA, Burton, C, Haag, B, et al. Papilledema and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. New England Journal of Medicine 1969;280:938–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Büchner, F. Zur Pathogenese der Hochdruckapoplexie. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 1936;62:369–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budínová-Smelá, J, Lhotka, J, and Marx, F. Thrombosis arteriae carotis internae. Časopis lékařů českých 1949;88:93–8.Google Scholar
Buess, H. Zur Geschichte des Embolie-Begriffs. In Leuch, O, et al., eds. Schweizerisches Medizinisches Jahrbuch 1946. Basel, Benno Schwabe & Co, 1946, LVII–XX.Google Scholar
Bull, E. Akut Hjernaneurisma – Okulomotoriusparalyse – Meningealapoplexi. Norsk Magazin for Laegevidenskaben 1877;7:890–5.Google Scholar
Bull, JW, Marshall, J, and Shaw, DA. Cerebral angiography in the diagnosis of the acute stroke. The Lancet 1960;275:562–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burrows, G. On Disorders of the Cerebral Circulation and on the Connection between Affections of the Brain and Diseases of the Heart. London, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1846.Google Scholar
Burserius, JB. Institutiones Medicinae practicae. Mediolani, Typis imperialis Monasterii s. Ambrosii Majoris, 1781.Google Scholar
Butterfield, H. The Whig Interpretation of History. London, G. Bell and Sons, 1950 [1931].Google Scholar
Byers, RK and Hass, GM. Thrombosis of the dural venous sinuses in infancy and childhood. American Journal of Diseases of Children 1933;45:1161–83.Google Scholar
Bylebyl, JJ. The School of Padua. In Webster, C, ed. Health, Medicine and Mortality in the Sixteenth Century. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979, 335–70.Google Scholar
Calmeil, LF. De la Paralysie considérée chez les Aliénés. Paris, J. B. Baillière, 1826.Google Scholar
Calverley, JR and Millikan, CH. Complications of carotid manipulation. Neurology 1961;11:185–9.Google Scholar
Campbell, AW. The morbid changes in the cerebro-spinal nervous system of the aged insane. Journal of Mental Science 1894;40:638–48.Google Scholar
Caplan, LR. C. Miller Fisher; Stroke in the 20th Century. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2020.Google Scholar
Capparoni, P. Domenico Mistichelli e la sua scoperta dalla decussatio pyramidum. Atti e memorie della Accademia di storia dell’arte sanitaria 1939;5:261–75.Google Scholar
Cardanus, H. In septem Aphorismorum Hippocratis Particulas Commentaria. Basileae, Henricus Petri, 1564.Google Scholar
Carlino, A. Books of the Body: Anatomical Ritual and Renaissance Learning. Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Carroll, JD, Leak, D, and Lee, HA. Cerebral thrombophlebitis in pregnancy and the puerperium. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 1966;35:347–68.Google Scholar
Carswell, R. Pathological Anatomy: Illustrations of the Elementary Forms of Disease. London, Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1838.Google Scholar
Carter, KC. The Rise of Causal Concepts of Disease: Case Histories. Farnham, Ashgate Publishing, 2003.Google Scholar
Casper, ST. The Neurologists: A History of a Medical Specialty in Modern Britain, c.1789–2000. Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Casserius, J and Bucretius, D. Tabulae anatomicae LXXIIX, omnes novae nec ante hac visae, Daniel Bucretius, Wratislawensis, Philos. et Med. D., XX quae deerant supplevit et omnium explicationes addidit. Venetiis, Apud Evangelistam Deuchinum, 1627.Google Scholar
Castaigne, P, Lhermitte, F, Gautier, JC, et al. Internal carotid artery occlusion. A study of 61 instances in 50 patients with post-mortem data. Brain 1970;93:231–58.Google Scholar
Castaigne, P, Lhermitte, F, Gautier, JC, et al. Arterial occlusions in the vertebro-basilar system. A study of 44 patients with post-mortem data. Brain 1973;96:133–54.Google Scholar
Chao, WH, Kwan, ST, Lyman, RS, et al. Thrombosis of the left carotid artery. Archives of Surgery 1938;37:100–11.Google Scholar
Charcot, J-M. Rhumatisme articulaire aigu; phénomènes comateux; hémiplégie; infiltration d’une substance plastique concrète, contenant des globules pyoïdes dans plusieurs viscères, et en particulier dans le cerveau et la rate; lésions dyssentériques de la muqueuse de l’intestin grêle et du colon. Comptes Rendus des Séances et Mémoires de la Société de Biologie 1851;3:91–4.Google Scholar
Charcot, J-M. Gangrène du pied et de la jambe gauches; dépôts fibrineux multiples dans les reins, la rate, le foie; engorgements hémoptoiques dans les deux poumons. Comptes Rendus des Séances et Mémoires de la Société de Biologie 1855;II–2:213–20.Google Scholar
Charcot, J-M. Gangrène du pied et de la jambe gauches; dépots fibrineux multiples dans les reins, la rate, le foie; engorgements hémoptoiques dans les deux poumons; observation lue à la Société de Biologie. Gazette Médicale de France 1856;III –11:130–2.Google Scholar
Charcot, J-M. Note sur la température des parties centrales dans l’apoplexie liée à l’hémorrhagie cérébrale et au ramollissement du cerveau. Comptes Rendus des Séances et Mémoires de la Société de Biologie 1867;IV–4:92–3.Google Scholar
Charcot, J-M. Discussion, séance du 19 Juillet 1873. Comptes Rendus des Séances et Mémoires de la Société de Biologie 1873;25:283.Google Scholar
Charcot, J-M and Ball, B. Leçons sur les maladies des vieillards et les maladies chroniques. Paris, Adrien Delahaye, 1868.Google Scholar
Charcot, J-M and Bouchard, C. Nouvelles recherches sur la pathogénie de l’hémorrhagie cérébrale. Archives de Physiologie Normale et Pathologique 1868;1:110–27, 643–65, 725–34.Google Scholar
Charcot, J-M and Brown-Séquard, C-É. Discussion (sur les localisations cérébrales). Comptes Rendus des Séances et Mémoires de la Société de Biologie 1875–6;399–403 (1875), 1–3, 8–11, 13–17, 254–7.Google Scholar
Charcot, J-M and Vulpian, A. Sur deux cas de sclérose des cordons postérieurs et de la moelle avec atrophie des racines postérieures (tabes dorsalis, Romberg; ataxie locomotrice progressive, Duchenne de Boulogne). Comptes Rendus des Séances et Mémoires de la Société de Biologie 1862;III–4:155–73.Google Scholar
Chevers, N. Remarks on the effects of obliteration of the carotid arteries on the cerebral circulation. London Medical Gazette 1845;new series-1:1140–51.Google Scholar
Cheyne, J. Cases of Apoplexy and Lethargy, with Observations on the Comatose Diseases. London, Thomas Underwood; Edinburgh, Adam Black; Glasgow, Walter Duncan; Dublin, Gilbert and Hodges, 1812.Google Scholar
Cheyne, J. Autobiographical sketch. In Cheyne, J, ed. Essays on Partial Derangement of the Mind, in Relation to Religion. Dublin, London, and Edinburgh, William Curry Jr and Co, Longman, Brown and Co, and Fraser and Co, 1843, 1–38.Google Scholar
Chiari, H. Ueber das Verhalten des Teilungswinkels der Carotis communis bei der Endarteriitis chronica deformans. Verhandlungen der Deutschen pathologischen Gesellschaft 1905;9:326–30.Google Scholar
Christian, HA. Osler’s ‘The Principles and Practice of Medicine’. New York, NY, D. Appleton-Century Company, 1944.Google Scholar
Church, WS. Contributions to cerebral pathology. Saint Bartholomew’s Hospital Reports 1869;5:164–215.Google Scholar
Church, WS. On the formation of aneurysms, especially intracranial aneurysms in early life. Saint Bartholomew’s Hospital Reports 1870;6:99–112.Google Scholar
Chvostek, F and Weichselbaum, A. Herdweise syphilitische Endarteriitis mit multipler Aneurysmenbildung. Allgemeine Wiener medizinische Zeitung 1877;22:257–8.Google Scholar
Clarke, E and O’Malley, CD. The Human Brain and Spinal Cord: A Historical Study Illustrated by Writings from Antiquity to the Twentieth Century. San Francisco, CA, Norman Publishing, 1996.Google Scholar
Clarke, JM. On the value of suspension in the treatment of tabes dorsalis. The Lancet 1891;138:114–17.Google Scholar
Coe, RW. Case of aneurism of the left internal carotid artery within the cranium. Association Medical Journal 1855;1067–9.Google Scholar
Cohn, B. Klinik der Embolischen Gefässkrankheiten, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die ärztliche Praxis. Berlin, August Hirschwald, 1860.Google Scholar
Cohnheim, J. Untersuchungen ueber die embolischen Processe. Berlin, August Hirschwald, 1872.Google Scholar
Cole, FM and Yates, PO. The occurrence and significance of intracerebral micro-aneurysms. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 1967;93:393–411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cole, W. Phaenomena in cadavere praenobilis cujusdam faeminae, apoplexia peremptae, inter dissecandum, Maii 12, 1679, observata. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 1685;15:168–72.Google Scholar
Cole, W. A Physico-medical Essay Concerning the Late Frequency of Apoplexies, Together with a General Method of Their Prevention and Cure. Oxford, printed at the theater, 1689.Google Scholar
Collier, J and Adie, WJ. Diseases of the nervous system. In Price, FW, ed. A Textbook of the Practice of Medicine. London, Henry Frowde and Hodder & Stoughton, 1922, 1279–579.Google Scholar
Compston, A. From the archives: ‘Observations on intracranial aneurysms’, by R. W. Ross Russell. Brain 2005;128:2219–21.Google Scholar
Compston, A. ‘All Manner of Ingenuity and Industry’: A Bio-bibliography of Dr Thomas Willis 1621–1675. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Contrepois, A. The clinician, germs and infectious diseases: the example of Charles Bouchard in Paris. Medical History 2002;46:197–220.Google Scholar
Cook, HJ. Matters of Exchange: Commerce, Medicine and Science in the Dutch Golden Age. New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooke, J. A Treatise on Nervous Diseases. London, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1820.Google Scholar
Copeman, E. A Collection of Cases of Apoplexy, with an Explanatory Introduction. London, John Churchill, 1845.Google Scholar
Corday, E, Rothenberg, SF, and Putnam, TJ. Cerebral vascular insufficiency; an explanation of some types of localized cerebral encephalopathy. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1953;69:551–70.Google Scholar
Crompton, MR. Retinal emboli in stenosis of the internal carotid artery. The Lancet 1963;281:886.Google Scholar
Crompton, MR. The pathogenesis of cerebral infarction following the rupture of cerebral berry aneurysms. Brain 1964;87:491–510.Google Scholar
Crompton, MR. Infarction following the rupture of cerebral berry aneurysms. Brain 1964;87:263–80.Google Scholar
Cruveilhier, J. Anatomie pathologique du Corps humain, ou Descriptions, avec Figures lithographiées et coloriées des diverses Altérations morbides dont le Corps humain est susceptible. Paris, J. B. Baillière, 1829–42.Google Scholar
Cunningham, A. Peregrinatio medica. In Grell, OP, et al., eds. Centres of Medical Excellence? Medical Travel and Education in Europe, 1500–1789. Farnham, Ashgate Publishing, 2009, 3–16.Google Scholar
Cunningham, A. The Anatomist Anatomis’d: an Experimental Discipline in Enlightenment Europe. Farnham, Ashgate Publishing, 2010.Google Scholar
Cushing, H. On routine determinations of arterial tension in operating room and clinic. Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 1903;148:250–6.Google Scholar
Czech, H. Vienna School of Medicine, 1939–1945. In Weindling, P, ed. From Clinic to Concentration Camp: Reassessing Nazi Medical and Racial Research. London, Routledge, 2017, 138–62.Google Scholar
Da Carpi, B. Isagogae breves et exactissimae in Anatomiam humani Corporis. Argentoratum, Henricus Sybold, 1530.Google Scholar
Dandy, WE. Ventriculography following the injection of air into the cerebral ventricles. Annals of Surgery 1918;68:5–11.Google Scholar
Dandy, WE. Intracranial pressure without brain tumor: diagnosis and treatment. Annals of Surgery 1937;106:492–513.Google Scholar
Dandy, WE. Intracranial aneurysm of the internal carotid artery: cured by operation. Annals of Surgery 1938;107:654–9.Google Scholar
Dandy, WE. Intracranial Arterial Aneurysms. Ithaca, NY, Comstock Publishing Company, 1944.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidoff, LM. Pseudotumor cerebri: benign intracranial hypertension. Neurology 1956;6:605–15.Google Scholar
Davis, DB. Thrombosis of a superior cerebral vein. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1933;77:22–6.Google Scholar
Davis, G. The most deadly disease of asylumdom: general paralysis of the insane and Scottish psychiatry, c.1840–1940. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 2012;42:266–73.Google Scholar
Dawber, TR, Kannel, WB, McNamara, PM, et al. An epidemiologic study of apoplexy (‘strokes’). Observations in 5,209 adults in the Framingham study on association of various factors in the development of apoplexy. Transactions of the American Neurological Association 1965;90:237–40.Google Scholar
De Barahona Fernandes, HJ. Egas Moniz. In Kolle, K, ed. Grosse Nervenärzte. Stuttgart, Georg Thieme, 1956, 187–99.Google Scholar
De Graef, R. De Succi pancreatici Natura et Usu. Lugdunum Batavorum, Ex Officina Hackiana, 1664.Google Scholar
De Haen, A. Ratio medendi in Nosocomio practico (pars quarta). Vindobonae, Johannae Thomae Trattner, 1759.Google Scholar
De Ridder-Symoens, H. The mobility of medical students. In Grell, OP, et al., ed. Centres of Medical Excellence? Medical Travel and Education in Europe, 1500–1789. Farnham, Ashgate Publishing, 2009, 47–89.Google Scholar
De Visscher, C. Pathogénie et diagnostic de l’hémorrhagie et du ramollissement du cerveau. Thesis Bruxelles, Th. Lesigne, 1877.Google Scholar
Dechambre, A. Mémoire sur la curabilité du ramollissement cérébral. Gazette Médicale de Paris 1838;II–6:305–14.Google Scholar
Dei Poli, G and Zucha, J. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Anomalien und der Erkrankungen der Arteria carotis interna. Zentralblatt für Neurochirurgie 1940;5:209–38.Google Scholar
Dejerine, J and Huet, E. Contribution à l’étude de l’aortite oblitérante. Revue de Médecine 1888;8:201–14.Google Scholar
Denman, FR, Ehni, G, and Duty, WS. Insidious thrombotic occlusion of cervical carotid arteries, treated by arterial graft: a case report. Surgery 1955;38:569–77.Google Scholar
Denny-Brown, D. The treatment of recurrent cerebrovascular symptoms and the question of ‘vasospasm’. Medical Clinics of North America 1951;35:1457–74.Google Scholar
Denny-Brown, D. Recurrent cerebrovascular episodes. Archives of Neurology 1960;2:194–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Denny-Brown, D. Transient focal cerebral ischaemia. British Medical Journal 1963;2:930.Google Scholar
Descartes, R. L’Homme et un Traitté de la Formation du Foetus. Paris, Jacques Le Gras, 1664.Google Scholar
Dijksterhuis, EJ. The Mechanisation of the World Picture. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1961.Google Scholar
Diversus, PS. De Febre pestilenti Tractatus et Curationes quorundam particularium Morborum, quorum Tractatio ab ordinariis Practicis non habetur. Bononiae, Ioannes Rossius, 1584.Google Scholar
Dobson, J. Dr. Edwards Crisp: a forgotten medical scientist. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 1952;7:384–400.Google Scholar
Döhle, KG. Über Aortenerkrankung bei Syphilitischen und deren Beziehung zur Aneurysmabildung. Deutsches Archiv für klinische Medicin 1895;55:190–210.Google Scholar
Dörfler, J. Ein Beitrag zur Frage der Lokalisation der Arteriosklerose der Gehirngefaße mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Arteria carotis interna. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 1935;103:180–90.Google Scholar
Dos Santos, N. François-Nicolas Marquet. Sa vie, ses oeuvres et ses démêlés tardifs avec le Collège Royal de Médecine de Nancy. Thesis Nancy, 2008.Google Scholar
Dott, NM. Intracranial aneurysms: cerebral arterio-radiography: surgical treatment. Edinburgh Medical Journal 1933;40:T 219–34.Google Scholar
Dott, NM. Intracranial aneurysm formation. Clinical Neurosurgery 1969;16 Suppl. 1:1–16.Google Scholar
Dow, DR. The incidence of arterio-sclerosis in the arteries of the body. British Medical Journal 1925;2:162–3.Google Scholar
Dowman, CE. Thrombosis of the Rolandic vein: report of a case. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1926;15:110–12.Google Scholar
Drake, CG. Bleeding aneurysms of the basilar artery. Direct surgical management in four cases. Journal of Neurosurgery 1961;18:230–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drake, CG. Further experience with surgical treatment of aneurysm of the basilar artery. Journal of Neurosurgery 1968;29:372–92.Google Scholar
Drake, CG. Ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1971;64:477–81.Google Scholar
Duchenne (de Boulogne), . De l’ataxie locomotrice progressive; recherches sur une maladie caractérisée spécialement par des troubles généraux de la coordinations des mouvements. Archives Générales de Médecine 1858–9;V –12–13:641–52 (12), 36–62, 158–81, 417–51 (13).Google Scholar
Dupré, E and Devaux, A. Foyers lacunaires de désintégration cérébrale (note sur le processus histogénique). Revue Neurologique 1901a;71:919–27.Google Scholar
Dupré, E and Devaux, A. Rire et pleurer spasmodiques par ramollissement nucléocapsulaire antérieur: syndrome pseudo-bulbaire par désintégration lacunaire bilatérale des putamens. Revue Neurologique 1901b;9:919–26.Google Scholar
Durand-Fardel, M. Mémoire sur une altération particulière de la substance cérébrale. Gazette Médicale de Paris 1842;II–10:23–6, 33–8.Google Scholar
Durand-Fardel, M. Traité du Ramollissement du Cerveau. Paris, J. B. Baillière and H. Baillière, 1843.Google Scholar
Durand-Fardel, M. Traité clinique et pratique des maladies des Vieillards. Paris, Germer Baillière, 1854.Google Scholar
Dyken, ML, Kolar, OJ, and Jones, FH. Differences in the occurrence of carotid transient ischemic attacks associated with antiplatelet aggregation therapy. Stroke 1973;4:732–6.Google Scholar
Eadie, MJ. A pathology of the animal spirits – the clinical neurology of Thomas Willis (1621–1675). Part I – background, and disorders of intrinsically normal animal spirits. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2003;10:14–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eastcott, HH, Pickering, GW, and Rob, CG. Reconstruction of internal carotid artery in a patient with intermittent attacks of hemiplegia. The Lancet 1954;267:994–6.Google Scholar
Ebbs, JH. Cerebral sinus thrombosis in children. Archives of Diseases of Children 1937;12:133–52.Google Scholar
Echlin, FA. Current concepts in the etiology and treatment of vasospasm. Clinical Neurosurgery 1968;15:133–60.Google Scholar
Ecker, A and Riemenschneider, PA. Arteriographic demonstration of spasm of the intracranial arteries, with special reference to saccular arterial aneurysms. Journal of Neurosurgery 1951;8:660–7.Google Scholar
Ecker, AD. Linear fracture of the skull across the venous sinuses. New York State Journal of Medicine 1946;46:1120–1.Google Scholar
Ehlers, H and Courville, CB. Thrombosis of internal cerebral veins in infancy and childhood: review of literature and report of five cases. Journal of Pediatrics 1936;8:600–23.Google Scholar
Ehrmann, JA. Des effets produits sur l’encéphale par l’oblitération des vaisseaux artériels qui s’y distribuent, avec une statistique des cas de ligature de l’artère carotide. Thesis Paris, J. B. Baillière, 1860.Google Scholar
Eichenberger, P. Johann Jakob Wepfer als klinischer Praktiker. Basel/Stuttgart, Schwabe & Co., 1969.Google Scholar
Eichler, G. Zur Pathogenese der Hirnhämorrhagie. Deutsches Archiv für klinische Medizin 1878;22:1–32.Google Scholar
Ellis, AG. The pathogenesis of spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage. Proceedings of the Pathological Society of Philadelphia 1909;12:197–235.Google Scholar
Ellis, H. The story of peripheral vascular surgery. Journal of Perioperative Practice 2019;29:254–6.Google Scholar
Emch-Dériaz, A. Samuel-Auguste Tissot. In Bynum, WF and Bynum, H, eds. Dictionary of Medical Biography. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 2007, 1229.Google Scholar
Eppinger, H. Pathogenesis, Histogenesis und Aetiologie der Aneurysmen, einschliesslich des Aneurysma equi verminosum. Berlin, August Hirschwald, 1887.Google Scholar
Eppinger, H. Die miliare Hirnarterieaneurysmen (Charcot–Bouchard). Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin 1888;111:405–14.Google Scholar
Erb, W. Ein Fall von ausgedehnter Gehirnerweichung bei totaler Obliteration der Carotis communis sinistra. Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 1904;51:946–7.Google Scholar
Esmarch, F and Jessen, W. Syphilis und Geistesstörung. Allgemeine Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie 1857;14:20–36.Google Scholar
Eulenburg, A. Ueber den Einfluss von Herzhypertrophie und Erkrankungen der Hirnarterien auf das Zustandekommen von Haemorrhagia Cerebri. Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin 1862;24:329–62.Google Scholar
Eyerel, J. De vita et scriptis Maximiliani Stollii. In Stoll, M, ed. Pars quarta Rationis medendi in Nosocomio practico Vindobonensi. Ticini, Typographiae Monasterii S. Salvatoris et Balthassaris Comini Bibliopolae, 1790, 9–15.Google Scholar
Fabricius ab Aquapendente, H. De Venarum Ostiolis. Patavii, Laurentius Pasquatus, 1603.Google Scholar
Fabricius, G. Observationum & Curationum chirurgicarum Centuriae. Basiliae, Sumptibus Ludovici Regis, 1606.Google Scholar
Fabricius, G. Observationum et Curationum chirurgicarum Centuria tertia. In Nobili Oppenhemio, Johan-Theod. de Bry, 1614.Google Scholar
Fairburn, B. ‘Twin’ intracranial aneurysms causing subarachnoid haemorrhage in identical twins. British Medical Journal 1973;1:210–11.Google Scholar
Falconer, MA. The surgical treatment of bleeding intracranial aneurysms. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1951;14:153–86.Google Scholar
Falconer, MA. Surgery of intracranial aneurysms (correspondence). British Medical Journal 1959;1:743–4.Google Scholar
Fantini, B. Lancisi, Giovanni Maria. In Bynum, WF and Bynum, H, eds. Dictionary of Medical Biography. Westwood, CT, Greenwood Press, 2007, 766–8.Google Scholar
Feigin, I and Prose, P. Hypertensive fibrinoid arteritis of the brain and gross cerebral hemorrhage. Archives of Neurology 1959;1:98–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feindel, W and Leblanc, R. The Wounded Brain Healed: The Golden Age of the Montreal Neurological Institute, 1934–1984. Montreal, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Ferrand, J. Essai sur l’hémiplégie des vieillards: les lacunes de désintégration cérébrales. Thesis Paris, Jules Rousset, 1902.Google Scholar
Ferro, JM. Egas Moniz and internal carotid occlusion. Archives of Neurology 1988;45:563–4.Google Scholar
Fields, WS, Crawford, ES, and Debakey, ME. Surgical considerations in cerebral arterial insufficiency. Neurology 1958;8:801–8.Google Scholar
Fields, WS, Maslenikov, V, Meyer, JS, et al. Joint study of extracranial arterial occlusion. V. Progress report of prognosis following surgery or nonsurgical treatment for transient cerebral ischemic attacks and cervical carotid artery lesions. JAMA 1970;211:1993–2003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fischer-Wasels, B. Die funktionellen Störungen des peripheren Kreislaufs. Frankfurter Zeitschrift für Pathologie 1933;45–1:1–164.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM. Occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1951;65:346–77.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM. Transient monocular blindness associated with hemiplegia. Archives of Ophthalmology 1952;47:167–203.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM. Occlusion of the carotid arteries: further experiences. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1954;72:187–204.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM. Cranial bruit associated with occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Neurology 1957a;7:299–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, CM. Cerebral thromboangiitis obliterans. Medicine (Baltimore) 1957b;36:169–209.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM. The use of anticoagulants in cerebral thrombosis. Neurology 1958;8:311–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, CM. Observations of the fundus oculi in transient monocular blindness. Neurology 1959;9:333–47.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM. The vascular lesion in lacunae. Transactions of the American Neurological Association 1965b;90:243–5.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM. Pure sensory stroke involving face, arm, and leg. Neurology 1965c;15:76–80.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM. A lacunar stroke. The dysarthria–clumsy hand syndrome. Neurology 1967a;17:614–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, CM. Vertigo in cerebrovascular disease. Archives of Otolaryngology 1967b;85:529–34.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM. Some neuro-ophthalmological observations. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1967c;30:383–92.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM. The arterial lesions underlying lacunes. Acta Neuropathologica 1969;12:1–15.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM. Pathological findings in hypertensive cerebral haemorrhage. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 1971;30:536–50.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM. Cerebral miliary aneurysms in hypertension. American Journal of Pathology 1972;66:313–30.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM. Ataxic hemiparesis. A pathologic study. Archives of Neurology 1978;35:126–8.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM. ‘Transient monocular blindness’ versus ‘amaurosis fugax’. Neurology 1989;39:1622–4.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM. Lacunar infarction: a personal view. In Donnan, GA, et al., eds. Lacunar and Other Subcortical Infarctions. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1995, 16–20.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM and Caplan, LR. Basilar artery branch occlusion: a cause of pontine infarction. Neurology 1971;21:900–5.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM and Cole, M. Homolateral ataxia and crural paresis: a vascular syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1965;28:48–55.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM and Curry, HB. Pure motor hemiplegia of vascular origin. Archives of Neurology 1965;13:30–44.Google Scholar
Fisher, CM, Gore, I, Okabe, N, et al. Calcification of the carotid siphon. Circulation 1965;32:538–48.Google Scholar
Fleck, L. Entstehung und Entwicklung einer wissenschafliche Tatsache: Einführung in die Lehre vom Denkstil und Denkkollektiv. Frankfurt am Main, Suhrkamp, 1980 [1935].Google Scholar
Fleming, JF and Park, AM. Dissecting aneurysms of the carotid artery following arteriography. Neurology 1959;9:1–6.Google Scholar
Foderé, FE. De Apoplexia: Disquisitio theoretico-practica. Avenione/Parisiis, Seguin Fratres and Croullebois, 1808.Google Scholar
Foerster, O and Guttman, L. Cerebrale Complicationen bei Thrombangiitis obliterans. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 1933;100:506–15.Google Scholar
Foerster, R. Amaurosis partialis fugax. Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 1869;7:422–30.Google Scholar
Foix, C, Hillemand, P, and Ley, J. Relativement au ramollissement cérébral, à sa fréquence et à son siège, et à l’importance relative des oblitérations artérielles complètes ou incomplètes dans sa pathogénie. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société Médicale des Hôpitaux de Paris 1927;III –51:191–9.Google Scholar
Foix, C and Lévy, M. Les ramollissements sylviens; syndromes des lésions en foyer du territoire de l’artère sylvienne et de ses branches. Revue Neurologique 1927;35:1–51.Google Scholar
Foix, C and Ley, J. Contribution à l’étude du ramollissement cérébral envisagé en point de vue de sa fréquence, de son siège, et de l’état anatomique des artères du territoire nécrosé. Journal de Neurologie et de Psychiatrie 1927;27:658–84.Google Scholar
Foix, C and Nicolescu, I. Contribution à l’étude des grands syndromes de désintégration sénile cérébro-mésencéphalique. Presse Médicale 1923;31:957–63.Google Scholar
Foley, J. Benign forms of intracranial hypertension: ‘toxic’ and ‘otitic’ hydrocephalus. Brain 1955;78:1–41.Google Scholar
Forestus, P. Observationum en Curationum medicinalium ac chirurgicarum Opera omnia, Tomus I. Rothomagi, J. and D. Berthelin, 1653 [1590].Google Scholar
Forsheim, A. Ein Beitrag zum Studium der spontanen Subarachnoidalblutung. Deutsche Zeitschrft für Nervenheilkunde 1913;49:123–32.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. Naissance de la Clinique: une Archéologie du Regard médical. Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1963.Google Scholar
France, JF. Examples of ptosis, with illustrative remarks. Guy’s Hospital Reports 1846;II–4:37–63.Google Scholar
Frank-van Westrienen, A. De groote Tour: Tekening van de Educatiereis der Nederlanders in de zeventiende Eeuw. Amsterdam, Noord-Hollandsche Uitgeversmaatschappij, 1983.Google Scholar
Frederiks, JAM and Koehler, PJ. The first lumbar puncture. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 1997;6:147–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
French, R. Harvey in Holland. In French, R and Wear, A, eds. The Medical Revolution of the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989, 46–86.Google Scholar
French, R. William Harvey’s Natural Philosophy. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
French, RK. Berengario. In Wear, A, et al., eds. The Medical Renaissance of the Sixteenth Century. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985, 42–74.Google Scholar
Frenckner, P. Sinography: a method of radiography in the diagnosis of sinus thrombosis. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 1937;52:350–61.Google Scholar
Friedensburg, W. Geschichte der Universität Wittenburg. Halle a. S., Max Niemeyer, 1917.Google Scholar
Friedman, GD, Wilson, WS, Mosier, JM, et al. Transient ischemic attacks in a community. JAMA 1969;210:1428–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fritsch, G and Hitzig, E. Über die elektrische Erregbarkeit des Großhirns. Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und Wissenschaftliche Medicin 1870;36:300–32.Google Scholar
Frixione, E. Irritable glue. In Whitaker, H, et al., eds. Brain, Mind and Medicine: Essays in Eighteenth-Century Neuroscience. New York, NY, Springer, 2007, 115–25.Google Scholar
Froin, G. Les hémorragies sous-arachnoidiennes et le méchanisme de l’hématolyse en général. Thesis Paris, G. Steinheil, 1904.Google Scholar
Frøvig, AG. Bilateral obliteration of the common carotid artery: thrombangiitis obliterans? Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica 1946;Suppl. 39:3–78.Google Scholar
Fuchs, CH. Beobachtungen und Bemerkungen über Gehirnerweichung. Leipzig, Weygand’sche Verlag Buchhandlung (L. Gebhardt), 1838.Google Scholar
Galdston, M, Govons, SR, Wortis, SB, et al. Thrombosis of the common, internal and external carotid arteries. Archives of Internal Medicine 1941;67:1162–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galenus, . De Causis Pulsuum. In Brassavola, AM, ed. Galeni Libri. Venetiis, Apud Iuntas, 1625a [c.180], Classis 4.Google Scholar
Galenus, . De Locis affectis. In Brassavola, AM, ed. Galeni Libri. Venetiis, Apud Iuntas, 1625b [c.180], Classis 4.Google Scholar
Galenus, . De Usu Partium. In Brassavola, AM, ed. Galeni Libri. Venetiis, Apud Iuntas, 1625c [c.180], Classis 1.Google Scholar
Gallo, D. L’Età Medioevale. In Del Negro, P, ed. L’Università di Padova: otto Secoli di Storia. Padova, Signumpadova, 2001, 1–33.Google Scholar
Galvani, A. De Viribus Electricitatis in Motu musculari Commentarius. Bononiae, Ex Typographia Instituti Scientiarum, 1791.Google Scholar
Gass, HH, McGuire, JF, and Simmons, DR. Intracranial eradication of middle cerebral aneurysms. Journal of Neurosurgery 1958;15:223–32; discussion 232–3.Google Scholar
Gay, J-A. Vues sur le Caractère et le Traitement de l’Apoplexie, dans lesquelles on réfute la Doctrine du Docteur Portal sur cette Maladie. Paris, Didot Jeune, 1807.Google Scholar
Gay, J-A. An Essay on the Nature and Treatment of Apoplexy. London/Norwhich, John Churchill and Charles Muskett, 1843.Google Scholar
Gély, A. Observation d’inflammation de la carotide interne, avec ramollissement du cerveau, suivie de réflections sur cette observation. Archives Génerales de Médecine 1837;II–15:331–46.Google Scholar
Gildemeester, JP and Hoyack, EF. Syphilis secundaria, meningitis cerebralis circumscipta, obturatio art. fossae Sylvii dextrae, emollitio corp. striati dextri. Nederlands Weekblad voor Geneeskunde 1854;4:23–6.Google Scholar
Gillan, LA. Blood supply to brains of ungulates with and without a rete mirabile caroticum. Journal of Comparative Neurology 1974;153:275–90.Google Scholar
Gills, JP, Jr, Kapp, JP, and Odom, GL. Benign intracranial hypertension: pseudotumor cerebri from obstruction of dural sinuses. Archives of Ophthalmology 1967;78:592–5.Google Scholar
Glasser, O. Wilhlelm Conrad Röntgen und die Geschichte der Röntgenstrahlen, 2nd edn. Berlin, Springer Verlag, 1959.Google Scholar
Globus, JH and Epstein, JA. Massive cerebral hemorrhage: spontaneous and experimentally induced. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 1953;12:107–31.Google Scholar
Globus, JH, Epstein, JA, Green, MA, et al. Focal cerebral hemorrhage experimentally induced. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 1949;8:113–16.Google Scholar
Globus, JH and Strauss, I. Massive cerebral hemorrhage; its relation to preexisting cerebral softening. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1927;18:215–39.Google Scholar
Gluge, . Recherches microscopiques et expérimentales sur le ramollissement du cerveau. Archives de Médecine Belge 1840;1:180–98.Google Scholar
Goetz, CG. Pierre Marie: gifted intellect, poor timing and unchecked emotionality. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 2003;12:154–66.Google Scholar
Goetz, CG, Bonduelle, M, and Gelfand, T. Charcot: Constructing Neurology. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Goldflam, S. Beitrag zur Ätiologie und Symptomatalogie der spontanen subarachnoidalen Blutungen. Deutsche Zeitschrft für Nervenheilkunde 1923;76:158–82.Google Scholar
Goldner, J, Wisnant, JP, and Taylor, WF. Long-term prognosis of transient cerebral ischemic attacks. Stroke 1971;2:160–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldschmid, E. Entwicklung und Bibliographie der pathologisch-anatomischen Abbildung. Leipzig, Karl W. Hiersemann, 1925.Google Scholar
Gordon-Taylor, G and Walls, EW. Sir Charles Bell: His Life and Times. Edinburgh, E. and S. Livingstone Ltd, 1958.Google Scholar
Goschler, C. Rudolf Virchow: Mediziner, Anthropologe, Politiker. Köln/Weimar/Wien, Böhlau Verlag, 2009.Google Scholar
Gouguenheim, A. Tumeurs anévrysmales des artères du cerveau. Thesis Paris, Adrien Delahaye, 1866.Google Scholar
Govons, SR and Grant, FC. Angiographic visualisation of cerebrovascular lesions. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1946;55:600–18.Google Scholar
Gowers, WR. Manual and Atlas of Medical Ophthalmoscopy. London, J. & A. Churchill, 1882.Google Scholar
Gowers, WR. A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System, 2nd edn. London, J. & A. Churchill, 1893.Google Scholar
Graf, CJ. Prognosis for patients with nonsurgically-treated aneurysms. Analysis of the cooperative study of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of Neurosurgery 1971;35:438–43.Google Scholar
Graf, CJ, Torner, JC, Perret, GE, et al. Long-term follow-up evaluation of randomised study. In Sahs, AL, et al., eds. Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Baltimore/Munich, Urban and Schwarzenberg, 1981, 203–48.Google Scholar
Grandjean de Fouchy, JP. Observation anatomique. In Histoire de l’Académie royale des Sciences: année 1784. Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1787, 400.Google Scholar
Granier, JE. Traité de l’Apoplexie, considerée en elle-même, d’après les Vues anciennes et modernes, et relativement aux Maladies qui la simulent, la précèdent, l’accompagnent ou lui succèdent. Paris, Béchet Jeune, 1826.Google Scholar
Grasset, J. La cérébrosclérose lacunaire progressive d’origine artérielle. Semaine Médicale 1904;24:329–31.Google Scholar
Green, FHK. Miliary aneurysms in the brain. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 1930;33:71–7.Google Scholar
Greer, M. Benign intracranial hypertension. I. Mastoiditis and lateral sinus obstruction. Neurology 1962;12:472–6.Google Scholar
Gregory, F. Natural Science in Western History. Boston, MA, Houghton Mifflin Company, 2008.Google Scholar
Griesinger, W. Fortgesetzte Beobachtungen über Hirnkrankheiten. IV. Das Aneurisma der Basilararterie. Archiv für Heilkunde 1862;3:548–68.Google Scholar
Groch, SN, Hurwitz, LJ, McDevitt, E, et al. Problems of anticoagulant therapy in cerebrovascular disease. Neurology 1959;9:786–93.Google Scholar
Grzybowski, A and Sobolewska, B. Carl Friedrich Richard Foerster (1825–1902): the inventor of perimeter and photometer. Acta Ophthalmologica 2015;93:586–90.Google Scholar
Guidetti, B, Giuffre, R, and Gambacorta, D. Follow-up study of 100 cases of pseudotumor cerebri. Acta Neurochirurgica (Wien) 1968;18:259–67.Google Scholar
Gulczynski, J, Izycka-Swieszewska, E, and Grzybiak, M. Short history of the autopsy. Part I. From prehistory to the middle of the 16th century. Polish Journal of Pathology 2009;60:109–14.Google Scholar
Gull, W. Thickening and dilatation of the arch of the aorta, with occlusion of the innominata and left carotid, atrophic softening of the brain. Guy’s Hospital Reports 1855;III–1:12–18.Google Scholar
Gull, W. Cases of aneurisms of cerebral vessels. Guy’s Hospital Reports 1859;III–5:283–304.Google Scholar
Gunewardene, HO. The stroke in high arterial pressure: a study of 150 cases. British Medical Journal, 1932;1:180–2.Google Scholar
Gurdjian, ES and Thomas, LM. Cerebral vasospasm. Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics 1969;129:931–48.Google Scholar
Guthrie, LG and Mayou, S. Right hemiplegia and atrophy of left optic nerve. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1908;1:180–4.Google Scholar
Hale-White, W. Intracranial aneurysm in young subjects unaffected with syphilis or malignant endocarditis. British Medical Journal 1894;2:869.Google Scholar
Hannaway, C. Cruveilhier, Jean. In Bynum, WF and Bynum, H, eds. Dictionary of Medical Biography. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 2007, 377–8.Google Scholar
Hannaway, C and La Berge, A. Paris medicine: perspectives past and present. In Hannaway, C and La Berge, A, eds. Constructing Paris Medicine. Amsterdam/Atlanta, GA, Rodopi, 1998, 1–70.Google Scholar
Hanson, NR. Patterns of Discovery: An Inquiry into the Conceptual Foundations of Science. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1958.Google Scholar
Harbridge, DF. Monocular visible spasm of the central artery of the retina. Ophthalmology 1906;2:647–53.Google Scholar
Hare, CJ. Case of complete paralysis of the motor oculi of the left side, dependent upon aneurysm of the left posterior communicating artery. London Journal of Medicine 1850;2:824–32.Google Scholar
Haroun, RI, Rigamonti, D, and Tamargo, RJ. Recurrent artery of Heubner: Otto Heubner’s description of the artery and his influence on pediatrics in Germany. Journal of Neurosurgery 2000;93:1084–8.Google Scholar
Harris, CRS. The Heart and the Vascular System in Ancient Greek Medicine: From Alcmaeon to Galen. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1973.Google Scholar
Harrison, MJG, Marshall, J, Meadows, JC, et al. Effect of aspirin in amaurosis fugax. The Lancet 1971;2:743–4.Google Scholar
Harveius, G. Exercitatio anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus. Francofurti, Guilelmus Fitzer, 1628.Google Scholar
Haslam, J. Observations on Insanity, with Practical Remarks on the Disease, and an Account of the Morbid Appearances on Dissection. London, F. and C. Rivington, 1798.Google Scholar
Hasse, KE. Ueber die Verschliessung der Hirnarterien als nächste Ursache einer Form von Hirnerweichung. Zeitschrift für rationelle Medicin 1846;4:91–111.Google Scholar
Hayem, G. Glio-sarcomes de la pie-mère – compression et oblitération des artères sylviennes – ramollissement cérébrale consécutif – autopsie. Archives de Physiologie Normale et Pathologique 1869;2:126–31.Google Scholar
Helm, J and Stukenbrock, K. Hoffmann, Friedrich. In Bynum, WF and Bynum, H, eds. Dictionary of Medical Biography. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 2007, 657–8.Google Scholar
Helmholtz, H. Beschreibung eines Augen-Spiegels. Berlin, A. Förstnersche Verlagsbuchhandlung (P. Jeanrenaud), 1851.Google Scholar
Henderson, WG, Torner, JC, and Nibbelink, DW. Intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage – report on a randomized treatment study. IV-B. Regulated bed rest – statistical evaluation. Stroke 1977;8:579–89.Google Scholar
Henle, J. Medizinische Wissenschaft und Empirie. Zeitschrift für rationelle Medicin 1844;1:1–35.Google Scholar
Herpin, F. Discours sur la tombe de M. le docteur Louis Tonnellé. Tours, Imprimerie Ladevèze, 1860.Google Scholar
Heschl, R. Die Capillar-aneurysmen im Pons Varoli. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 1865;15:1285–7, 1314–16.Google Scholar
Hicks, SP and Warren, S. Infarction of the brain without thrombosis: an analysis of one hundred cases with autopsy. Archives of Pathology 1951;52:403–12.Google Scholar
Hill, AB, Marshall, J, and Shaw, DA. A controlled clinical trial of long-term anticoagulant therapy in cerebrovascular disease. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 1960;29:597–609.Google Scholar
Hill, AB, Marshall, J, and Shaw, DA. Cerebrovascular disease: trial of long-term anticoagulant therapy. British Medical Journal 1962;2:1003–6.Google Scholar
Hiller, F. Zirkulationsstörungen im Gehirn: eine klinische und pathologisch-anatomische Studie. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 1935;103:1–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hippocrates, . On wounds in the head. In Withington, ET, ed. Hippocrates, III (The Loeb Classical Library). London, William Heinemann, 1959a [c.400 bce], 44–5.Google Scholar
Hippocrates, . Aphorisms. In Jones, WHS, ed. Hippocrates, IV (The Loeb Classical Library). London, William Heinemann, 1959b [c.400 bce], 97–221.Google Scholar
Hippocrates, . Epidemics 7. In Smith, WD, ed. Hippocrates, VII (The Loeb Classical Library). Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1994 [c.400 bce], 337–8.Google Scholar
Hirsch, A. Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragenden Aertzte aller Zeiten und Völker. Wien/Leipzig, Urban and Schwarzenberg, 1884–8.Google Scholar
Hirsch, C. Die Zirkulationsstörungen des Gehirns. In Curschmann, H, ed. Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten. Berlin, Julius Springer, 1909, 586–617.Google Scholar
Hodgson, J. A Treatise on the Diseases of Arteries and Veins, Containing the Pathology and Treatment of Aneurisms and Wounded Arteries. London, Thomas Underwood, 1815.Google Scholar
Hofmann, C. Institutionum medicarum Libri sex. Lugdunum, Ioan. Antonius Huguetan, 1645.Google Scholar
Hollenhorst, RW. Significance of bright plaques in the retinal arterioles. Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society 1961;59:252–73.Google ScholarPubMed
Holmes, G and Sargent, P. Injuries of the superior longitudinal sinus. British Medical Journal 1915;2:493–8.Google Scholar
Howship, J. Observations on diseases of the brain, with cases and dissections. Medical and Physical Journal 1810;14:89–98.Google Scholar
Hughes, W, Dodgson, MCH, and MacLennan, DC. Chronic cerebral hypertensive disease. The Lancet 1954;264:770–4.Google Scholar
Huisman, F. The dialectics of understanding: on genres and the use of debate in medical history. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 2005;27:13–40.Google Scholar
Hultquist, GT. Über Thrombose und Embolie der Arteria carotis. Jena, Gustav Fischer, 1942.Google Scholar
Hunt, JR. The role of the carotid arteries, in the causation of vascular lesions of the brain, with remarks on certain special features of the symptomatology. American Journal of Medical Sciences 1914;147:714–13.Google Scholar
Hunt, WE and Hess, RM. Surgical risk as related to time of intervention in the repair of intracranial aneurysms. Journal of Neurosurgery 1968;28:14–20.Google Scholar
Hurwitz, LJ, Groch, SN, Wright, IS, et al. Carotid artery occlusive syndrome. Archives of Neurology 1959;1:491–501.Google Scholar
Husemann, A. Konrad Heinrich Fuchs. In Traugott, RW, ed. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Leipzig, Duncker & Humblot, 1878, 168–9.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, EC and Yates, PO. The cervical portion of the vertebral artery: a clinico-pathological study. Brain 1956;79:319–31.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, J. On a case of aneurysm of the internal carotid within the skull, diagnosed eleven years before the patient’s death. Spontaneous cure. Transactions of the Clinical Society of London 1875;8:127–31.Google Scholar
Hutin, C. De la température dans l’hémorrhagie cérébrale et le ramollissement. Thesis Paris, 1877.Google Scholar
Hyland, HH. Thrombosis of intracranial arteries; report of three cases involving, respectively, the anterior cerebral, basilar and internal carotid arteries. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1933;30:342–56.Google Scholar
Imbert, M. Assoupissement extraordinaire. In Histoire de l’Académie des Sciences, année 1713. Amsterdam, chez Pierre de Coup, 1717, 419–24.Google Scholar
Ingvar, S. Sur les hémorragies méningées. Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salpêtrière 1916;28:313–42.Google Scholar
Irish, CW. Thrombosis of the superior cerebral vein. Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology 1938;47:775–91.Google Scholar
Jaccoud, S. Bibliographie: clinical lectures on the principles and practice of medicine. Gazette Hebdomadaire de Médecine et de Chirurgie 1861;8:440–4.Google Scholar
Jaffé, R. Hypertonus und Apoplexie. Zeitschrift für ärztliche Fortbildung 1927;24:477–81.Google Scholar
James, TGI. Thrombosis of the internal carotid artery. British Medical Journal 1949;2:1264–7.Google Scholar
Jelliffe, SE and White, WA. Diseases of the Nervous System: A Textbook of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4th edn. London, H. K. Lewis & Co., 1923.Google Scholar
Jennings, EA. Case of aneurism of the basilar artery. Transactions of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Society 1836;1:270–4.Google Scholar
Joffroy, A. Rhumatisme articulaire aigu, affection cardiacque, embolie cérébrale, hémiplégie gauche, embolie dans les artères des membres inférieurs, gangrène de la jambe gauche, autopsie, coagulations anciennes dans l’auricule gauche, retablissement du circulation cérébrale par organisation et retraction du caillot embolique. Comptes Rendus des Séances et Mémoires de la Société de Biologie 1869;V–1:230–4.Google Scholar
Johnson, HC and Walker, AE. The angiographic diagnosis of spontaneous thrombosis of the internal and common carotid arteries. Journal of Neurosurgery 1951;8:631–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, J. Case of meningeal apoplexy, with some remarkable phenomena, and the appearances of dissection. The London Medical and Physical Journal 1824;51:364–9.Google Scholar
Johnson, RV, Kaplan, SR, and Blailock, ZR. Cerebral venous thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome. Neurology 1970;20:681–6.Google Scholar
Johnston, I and Paterson, A. Benign intracranial hypertension. I. Diagnosis and prognosis. Brain 1974;97:289–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, EWP. The life and works of Guilhelmus Fabricius Hildanus (1560–1634): part I. Medical History 1960;4:112–34.Google Scholar
Jones, PM. Reading medicine. In Nutton, V and Porter, R, eds. The History of Medical Education in Britain. Amsterdam/Atlanta, GA, Rodopi, 1995, 153–83.Google Scholar
Kalbag, RM and Woolf, AL. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1967.Google Scholar
Kannel, WB. Role of blood pressure in cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. Angiology 1975;26:1–14.Google Scholar
Kannel, WB, Dawber, TR, Kagan, A, et al. Factors of risk in the development of coronary heart disease: six year follow-up experience. The Framingham Study. Annals of Internal Medicine 1961;55:33–50.Google Scholar
Karenberg, A and Hort, I. Medieval descriptions and doctrines of stroke: preliminary analysis of select sources. Part I: The struggle for terms and theories – late antiquity and early Middle Ages. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 1998a;7:162–73.Google ScholarPubMed
Karenberg, A and Hort, I. Medieval descriptions and doctrines of stroke: preliminary analysis of select sources. Part II: between Galenism and Aristotelism – Islamic theories of apoplexy (800–1200). Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 1998b;7:174–85.Google Scholar
Karenberg, A and Hort, I. Medieval descriptions and doctrines of stroke: preliminary analysis of select sources. Part III: multiplying speculation – the high and late Middle Ages (1000–1450). Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 1998c;7:186–200.Google Scholar
Karp, HR, Heyman, A, Heyden, S, et al. Transient cerebral ischemia. Prevalence and prognosis in a biracial rural community. JAMA 1973;225:125–8.Google Scholar
Kass, AM and Kass, EH. Perfecting the World: The Life and Times of Dr. Thomas Hodgkin 1798–1866. New York, NY, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988.Google Scholar
Kaufman, MH. Bell, Charles. In Bynum, WF and Bynum, H, eds. Dictionary of Medical Biography. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 2007, 183–5.Google Scholar
Keele, CA. Pathological changes in the carotid sinus and their relation to hypertension. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 1933;II–2:213–20.Google Scholar
Kelly, C. Thrombosis of the middle cerebral artery: white softening of the brain. The Lancet 1870;95:409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kendell, RE and Marshall, J. Role of hypotension in the genesis of transient focal cerebral ischaemic attacks. British Medical Journal 1963;2:344–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Key, A and Retzius, G. Studien in der Anatomie des Nervensystems. Archiv für mikroskopische Anatomie 1873;9:308–86.Google Scholar
Key, A and Retzius, G. Studien in der Anatomie des Nervensystems und des Bindegewebes. Stockholm, Samson and Wallin, 1875–6.Google Scholar
Kinal, ME. Traumatic thrombosis of dural venous sinuses in closed head injuries. Journal of Neurosurgery 1967;27:142–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, AB and Langworthy, OR. Neurologic symptoms after extensive occlusion of the common or internal carotid artery. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1941;46:835–42.Google Scholar
King, LS and Meehan, MC. A history of the autopsy: a review. American Journal of Pathology 1973;73:514–44.Google Scholar
King, T. Remarks on aneurysms of the cerebral arteries. The Medical Quarterly Review 1835;3:434–8.Google Scholar
Kirkes, WS. On some of the principal effects resulting from the detachment of fibrinous deposits from the interior of the heart, and their mixture with the circulating blood. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions 1852;II–17:281–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirkes, WS. On apoplexy in relation to chronic renal disease. The Times and Medical Gazette 1855;11:515–17.Google Scholar
Kirkland, T. A. Commentary on Apoplectic and Paralytic Affections and on Diseases Connected with the Subject. London, William Dawson, 1792.Google Scholar
Kluyskens, C. Des maladies inflammatoires survenant pendant les suites de couches. Thesis Louvain, 1876.Google Scholar
Knapp, H. Ueber Verstopfung der Blutgefässe des Auges. Archiv für Ophthalmologie 1868;14:207–56.Google Scholar
Knoeff, R, ed. Histories of Healthy Ageing. Groningen, Bakhuis and University Museum Groningen, 2017.Google Scholar
Koch, GP. De apoplexiae ex praecordiorum origine. In Ackermann, JGC, ed. Philippi Georgii Schroeder Opuscula omnia. Norimbergiae, Ioh. Georg. Lochner, 1779 [1767], 338–84.Google Scholar
Koppe, FAH. Dr. med. Heinrich Wichern. Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein für Bielefeld und Umgegend 1950;11:12–13.Google Scholar
Korotkoff, NS. Concerning the problem of the methods of blood pressure measurement. Proceedings of the Emperor’s Military Medical Academy St Petersburg 1905;11:365–7. [in Russian; reprinted and translated in Journal of Hypertension 2005;23:5]Google Scholar
Krayenbühl, H. Zur Diagnostik und chirurgische Therapie der zerebralen Erscheinungen bei der Endangiitis obiliterans v. Winiwarter-Buerger. Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift 1945;75:1025–9.Google Scholar
Krayenbühl, H. Cerebral venous thrombosis. The diagnostic value of cerebral angiography. Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie 1954;74:261–87.Google Scholar
Krayenbühl, H and Weber, G. Die Thrombose der Arteria carotis interna und ihre Beziehung zur Endangiitis obliterans v. Winiwarter-Buerger. Helvetica Medica Acta 1944;11:289–333.Google Scholar
Kubik, CS and Adams, RD. Occlusion of the basilar artery: a clinical and pathological study. Brain 1946;69:73–121.Google Scholar
Kussmaul, A. Zwei Fälle von spontaner allmähliger Verschliessung grosser Halsarterienstämme. Deutsche Klinik 1872;461–5, 473–4.Google Scholar
Laborde, J-V. Le Ramollissement et la Congestion du Cerveau, principalement considérés chez le Vieillard. Paris, Adrien Delahaye, 1866.Google Scholar
Lallemand, F. Recherches anatomopathologiques sur l’Encéphale et ses Dépendances. Paris, Baudoin Frères, 1820–34.Google Scholar
Lancereaux, É. De la thrombose et de l’embolie cérébrales, considérées principalement dans leur rapports avec le ramollissement du cerveau. Thesis Paris, 1862.Google Scholar
Lazerme, J. Tractatus de Morbis internis Capitis. Amstelodami, Sumptibus societatis, 1748.Google Scholar
Le Roy Ladurie, E. Le siècle des Platter (1499–1628). Tome 1: le Mendiant et le Professeur. Paris, Fayard, 1995.Google Scholar
Lebert, H. Ueber Aneurysmen der Hirnarterien. Berliner klinische Wochenschrift 1866;3:209–12, 229–31, 249–51, 281–5, 336–8, 345–7, 386–90, 402–5.Google Scholar
Leriche, R. Experimental and clinical basis for arterectomy in the treatment of localized arterial obstructions. American Journal of Surgery 1931;14:55–67.Google Scholar
Leriche, R, Fontaine, R, and Dupertuis, SM. Arterectomy: with follow-up studies on 78 operations. Surgery, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics 1937;64:149–55.Google Scholar
Lhermitte, F, Gautier, JC, and Derouesne, C. Nature of occlusions of the middle cerebral artery. Neurology 1970;20:82–8.Google Scholar
Lieutaud, J. Essais anatomiques, contenant l’Histoire exacte de tous les Parties qui composent le Corps de l’Homme, avec la Manière de dissequer. Paris, P. M. Huart, 1742.Google Scholar
Lieutaud, J. Historia anatomico-medica, sistens numerosissima Cadaverum humanorum Extispicia, quibus in apricum venit genuina Morborum Sedes; horumque referantur Causae, vel patent Effectus. Parisiis, Vincent, 1767.Google Scholar
Limb, M. Michael Harrison: clinical neurologist and stroke researcher. British Medical Journal 2019;336:l5502.Google Scholar
Lin, PM, Javid, H, and Doyle, EJ. Partial internal carotid artery occlusion treated by primary resection and vein graft: report of a case. Journal of Neurosurgery 1956;13:650–5.Google Scholar
Lindeboom, GA. Dutch medical Biography: A biographical Dictionary of Dutch Physicians and Surgeons 1475–1975. Amsterdam, Rodopi, 1984a.Google Scholar
Lindeboom, GA. Herman Boerhaave: The Man and His Work. London, Methuen & Co. Ltd, 1984b.Google Scholar
Lindemann, H. Die Hirngefässe in apoplektischen Blutungen. Virchow’s Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin 1924;253:27–44.Google Scholar
Lindenberg, R and Spatz, H. Über die Thromboendarteriitis der Hirngefäße (cerebrale Form der v. Winiwarter-Buergerschen Krankheit). Virchow’s Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin 1939;305:531–56.Google Scholar
Litten, M. Apoplexie des Gehirns und der Retina bedingt durch miliare Aneurysmen. Berliner klinische Wochenschrift 1881;18:25–7.Google Scholar
Locksley, HB, Sahs, AL, and Knowler, L. Report on the cooperative study of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Section II. General survey of cases in the central registry and characteristics of the sample population. Journal of Neurosurgery 1966;24:922–32.Google Scholar
Loeper, M. Bouchard. In Dumesnil, R and Bonnet-Roy, F, eds. Die berühmten Ärzte. Genf, Lucien Mazenod, 1947, 248–9.Google Scholar
Logue, V. Surgery in spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage: operative treatment of aneurysms on the anterior cerebral and anterior communicating artery. British Medical Journal 1956a;1:473–9.Google Scholar
Loman, J and Myerson, A. Visualisation of cerebral vessels by direct intracarotid injection of thorium dioxide (thorotrast). American Journal of Roentgenology and Radium Therapy 1936;35:188–93.Google Scholar
Löwenfeld, L. Studien über Aetiologie und Pathogenese der spontanen Hirnblutungen. Wiesbaden, J. F. Bergmann, 1886.Google Scholar
Lucretius. De Rerum Natura (Bailey, C, ed.). Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 [c.59 bce].Google Scholar
Lundie, RA. Transient blindness due to spasm of the retinal artery. The Ophthalmic Review 1906;25:129–40.Google Scholar
Lyons, C and Galbraith, G. Surgical treatment of atherosclerotic occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Annals of Surgery 1957;146:487–96; discussion 496–8.Google Scholar
Lysak, WR and Svien, HJ. Long-term follow-up on patients with diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri. Journal of Neurosurgery 1966;25:284–7.Google Scholar
Macewen, JAC. Purulent mastoiditis: sinus thrombosis, threatened cerebral abscess, recovery after operation. Annals of Surgery 1904;40:348–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Maclean, I. Logic, Signs and Nature in the Renaissance: The Case of Medicine. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Macmillan, M. Localization and William Macewen’s early brain surgery – part II: the cases. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 2005;14:24–56.Google Scholar
Maire, I, ed. Recentiorum Disceptationes de Motu Cordis, Sanguinis et Chili in Animalibus. Lugduni Batavorum, Ioannes Maire, 1647.Google Scholar
Malpigius, M. De pulmonibus epistola II. In Malpigius, M. Exercitationes de Structura Viscerum. Francofurti, Augustus Boetius, 1683 [1661], 241–52.Google Scholar
Mangetus, JJ. Theophili Boneti Medicinae Doctoris Sepulchretum, sive Anatomia practica ex Cadaveribus Morbo denatis. Genevae, Cramer and Perachon, 1700.Google Scholar
Manschot, WA. The fundus oculi in subarachnoid haemorrhage. Acta Ophthalmologica 1944;22:281–91.Google Scholar
Manschot, WA. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: intraocular symptoms and their pathogenesis. American Journal of Ophthalmology 1954;38:501–5.Google Scholar
Marais, S, Thwaites, G, Schoeman, JF, et al. Tuberculous meningitis: a uniform case definition for use in clinical research. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2010;10:803–12.Google Scholar
Marey, ÉJ. Recherches sur le pouls au moyen d’un nouvel appareil enregistreur: le sphygmographe. Paris, E. Thunot & Co., 1860.Google Scholar
Marie, P. Des foyers lacunaires de désintégration et de différents autres états cavitaires du cerveau. Revue de Médecine 1901;21:281–98.Google Scholar
Marie, P and Guillain, G. Existe-t-il en clinique des localisations dans la capsule interne? Semaine Medicale 1902;22:209–13.Google Scholar
Marinesco, G and Kreindler, A. Oblitération progressive et complète des deux carotides primitives: accès épileptiques, considérations sur le rôle des sinus carotidiens dans la pathogénie de l’accès épileptique. Presse Médicale 1936;44:833–6.Google Scholar
Markham, WO. Case of disease of the aorta: aneurysms at the aortic sinuses, clots in the arteria innominata and middle cerebral arteries. British Medical Journal 1857;1:187–8.Google Scholar
Marshall, J. The natural history of transient ischaemic cerebro-vascular attacks. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 1964;33:309–24.Google Scholar
Marshall, J and Reynolds, EH. Withdrawal of anticoagulants from patients with transient ischaemic cerebrovascular attacks. The Lancet 1965;285:5–6.Google Scholar
Martin, JP and Sheehan, HL. Primary thrombosis of cerebral veins (following childbirth). British Medical Journal 1941;1:349–53.Google Scholar
Martin, MJ, Whisnant, JP, and Sayre, GP. Occlusive vascular disease in the extracranial cerebral circulation. Archives of Neurology 1960;3:530–8.Google Scholar
Massaria, A. Practica medica, seu Praelectiones academicae, continentes Methodum ac Rationem cognoscendi et curandi. Francoforti, Melchior Hartmann, 1601.Google Scholar
Mattern, SP. The Prince of Medicine: Galen in the Roman Empire. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Matthews, B. The investigation of cerebrovascular disease. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1972;65:75–8.Google Scholar
Matthews, JR. Quantification and the Quest for Medical Certainty. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
McAllen, PM and Marshall, J. Cardiac dysrhythmia and transient cerebral ischaemic attacks. The Lancet 1973;301:1212–14.Google Scholar
McBrien, DJ, Bradley, RD, and Ashton, N. The nature of retinal emboli in stenosis of the internal carotid artery. The Lancet 1963;281:697–9.Google Scholar
McCarthy, LR. Dandy, Walter Edward. In Bynum, WF and Bynum, H, eds. Dictionary of Medical Biography. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 2007, 397–9.Google Scholar
McKissock, W, Paine, KWE, and Walsh, LS. The value of hypothermia in the surgical treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Journal of Neurosurgery 1960a;17:700–7.Google Scholar
McKissock, W, Paine, KWE, and Walsh, LS. An analysis of the results of treatment of intracranial aneurysms: report of 772 consecutive cases. Journal of Neurosurgery 1960b;17:761–76.Google Scholar
McKissock, W, Richardson, A, and Walsh, L. ‘Posterior-communicating’ aneurysms: a controlled trial of the conservative and surgical treatment of ruptured aneurysms of the internal carotid artery at or near the point of origin of the posterior communicating artery. The Lancet 1960c;275:1203–6.Google Scholar
McKissock, W, Richardson, A, and Walsh, L. Middle-cerebral aneurysms: further results in the controlled trial of conservative and surgical treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. The Lancet 1962;280:417–21.Google Scholar
McKissock, W, Richardson, A, and Walsh, L. Anterior communicating aneurysms: a trial of conservative and surgical treatment. The Lancet 1965;285:874–6.Google Scholar
Medical Research Council. Streptomycin treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. British Medical Journal 1948;2:769–82.Google Scholar
Mehnert, E. Ueber die topographische Verbreitung der Angiosclerose, nebst Beiträgen zur Kenntnis des normalen Baues der Aeste des Aortenbogens und einiger Venenstämme. Thesis Dorpat, 1888.Google Scholar
Mendel, E. Ueber die apoplexia cerebri sanguinea. Berliner medizinische Wochenschrift 1891;28:577–82 and 594–5 (discussion).Google Scholar
Mercurialis, . H. Responsio. In Varolio, C, ed. De Nervis opticis, nonnullisque aliis praeter communem Opinionem in humano Capite observatis ad Hieronimum Mercurialem. Patavii: Paulus and Antonius Meiettus, 1573, 20v–5r.Google Scholar
Meyer, A and Hierons, R. A note on Thomas Willis’ views on the corpus striatum and the internal capsule. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 1964;1:547–54.Google Scholar
Meynert, T. Ueber Gefässentartungen in den Varolsbrücke und den Gehirnschenkeln. Allgemeine Wiener medizinische Zeitung 1864;9:220–1.Google Scholar
Middlemore, R. Treatise on Diseases of the Eye and Its Appendages. London, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, and James Drake, Birmingham, 1835.Google Scholar
Millikan, CH. Cerebral vasospasm and ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Archives of Neurology 1975;32:433–49.Google Scholar
Millikan, CH, Siekert, RG, and Whisnant, JP. Intermittent carotid and vertebral-basilar insufficiency associated with polycythemia. Neurology 1960;10:188–96.Google Scholar
Minkenhof, JE. De behandeling van bacteriële meningitides. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 1953;97:2857–64.Google Scholar
Mistichelli, D. Trattato dell’ Apoplessia, in cui con nove Osservazioni anatomiche, e Riflessioni fisiche si richercano tutte le Cagioni, e Spezie di quel Male, e vi se palesa frà gli altri un nuovo, & efficace Rimedio. Roma, Antonio de’ Rossi, 1709.Google Scholar
Moniz, E. L’encéphalographie artérielle, son importance dans la localisation des tumeurs cérébrales. Revue Neurologique 1927;48:72–90.Google Scholar
Moniz, E, Lima, A, and de Lacerda, R. Hémiplégies par thrombose de la carotide interne. Presse Médicale 1937;45:977–80.Google Scholar
Monneret, JAÉ, Bouchardat, A, Vigla, E-N, et al. Discours prononcés le samedi 6 octobre 1866 aux obsèques de M. Rostan. Paris, Imprimerie Félix Malteste et Cie, 1866.Google Scholar
Monro, A. Observations on the Structure and Function of the Nervous System. Edinburgh/London, William Creech and Joseph Johnson, 1783.Google Scholar
Montain, JFF and Montain, GAC. Traité de l’Apoplexie, contenant l’Énumeration des Causes de cette Maladie, la Description de ses différentes Espèces, son Traitement, et les Moyens de la prévenir. Paris, Brunot-Labbé, 1811.Google Scholar
Moore, MT. Perivascular encephalolysis: histology and pathogenesis. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1954;71:344–57.Google Scholar
Moore, W. The Knife Man: The Extraordinary Life and Times of John Hunter, Father of Modern Surgery. New York, NY, Broadway Books, 2005.Google Scholar
Moore, WS and Hall, AD. Importance of emboli from carotid bifurcation in pathogenesis of cerebral ischemic attacks. Archives of Surgery 1970;101:708–16.Google Scholar
Morgagni, JB. De Sedibus et Causis Morborum per Anatomen indagatis. Venetiis, Ex Typographia Remondiana, 1761.Google Scholar
Moulin, É. Traité de l’Apoplexie ou Hémorrhagie cérébrale: Considérations sur les Hydrocéphales, Description d’une Hydropisie cérébrale particulière aux Vielliards récemment observée. Paris, J. B. Baillière, 1819.Google Scholar
Moxon, A. A contribution to the history of visceral syphilis. Guy’s Hospital Reports 1868;13:329–407.Google Scholar
Mushet, WB. A Practical Treatise on Apoplexy (Cerebral Haemorrhage): Its Pathology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Prophylactics. London, John Churchill and Sons, 1866.Google Scholar
Nebel, DGH. Dissertatio inauguralis medica exhibens observationem aneurysmatum duorum rariorum, quorum alterum ex arcu aortae, alterum ex arteria corporis callosi ortum est. Thesis Heidelbergae, 1834.Google Scholar
Neubürger, K. Zur Frage der funktionellen Gefässstörungen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Zentralnervensystems. Klinische Wochenschrift 1926;5:1689–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neuburger, M. Die historische Entwicklung der experimentellen Gehirn-und Rückenmarksphysiologie vor Flourens. Stuttgart, Ferdinand Enke, 1897.Google Scholar
New, PFJ and Scott, WR. Computed Tomography of the Brain and Orbit (EMI Scanning). Baltimore, MD, Williams & Wilkins, 1975.Google Scholar
Nibbelink, DW and Knowler, LA. Cooperative study of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Report on a randomized treatment study. II. Objectives and design of randomized aneurysm study. Stroke 1974;5:552–6.Google Scholar
Nibbelink, DW, Torner, JC, and Henderson, WG. Intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage: report on a randomized treatment study. IV-A. Regulated bed rest. Stroke 1977;8:202–18.Google Scholar
Nicolson, M. Baillie, Matthew. In Bynum, WF and Bynum, H, eds. Dictionary of Medical Biography. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 2007, 147–8.Google Scholar
Nitrini, R. The history of tabes dorsalis and the impact of observational studies in neurology. Archives of Neurology 2000;57:605–6.Google Scholar
Noguchi, H and Moore, JW. A demonstration of Treponema pallidum in the brain in cases of general paralysis. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1913;17:232–8.Google Scholar
Nonne, M. Uber Fälle vom Symptomenkomplex ‘Tumor cerebri’ mit Ausgang in Heilung (Pseudotumor cerebri). Über letal verlaufene Fälle von’Pseudotumor cerebri’ mit Sektions-befund. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Nervenheilkunde 1904;27:169–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nonne, M. Der heutige Standpunkt der Lues-Paralysefrage. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Nervenheilkunde 1913;49:384–446.Google Scholar
Nordmann, M. Referat über die Spontanblutungen im menschlichen Gehirn. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Pathologischen Gesellschaft 1937;29:11–54.Google Scholar
Norlén, G and Olivecrona, H. The treatment of aneurysms of the circle of Willis. Journal of Neurosurgery 1953;10:404–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Northcroft, GB and Morgan, AD. A fatal case of traumatic thrombosis of the internal carotid artery. British Journal of Surgery 1944;32:105–7.Google Scholar
Nutton, V. Books, printing and medicine in the Renaissance. Medicina nei Secoli – Arte e Scienza 2005;17:421–42.Google Scholar
Oliveira, V. History of carotid occlusions: the contribution of Egas Moniz. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 2018;27:3626–9.Google Scholar
O’Malley, CD. Michael Servetus. Philadelphia, PA, American Philosophical Society, 1953.Google Scholar
O’Malley, CD. Andreas Vesalius of Brussels 1514–1564. Berkeley, CA, University of California Press, 1965.Google Scholar
Ongaro, G. Mercuriale, Girolamo. In Bynum, WF and Bynum, H, eds. Dictionary of Medical Biography. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 2007a, 871–3.Google Scholar
Ongaro, G. Morgagni, Giovanni Battista. In Bynum, WF and Bynum, H, eds. Dictionary of Medical Biography. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 2007b, 897–900.Google Scholar
Ooneda, G, Yoshida, Y, Suzuki, K, et al. Morphogenesis of plasmatic arterionecrosis as the cause of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Virchows Archiv, Abt. A Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie 1973;361:31–8.Google Scholar
Oppenheim, H. Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten, für Ärzte und Studierende, 6th edn. Berlin, S. Karger, 1913.Google Scholar
Osler, W. The Principles and Practice of Medicine. New York, NY, D. Appleton and Company, 1892.Google Scholar
Osler, W. Transient attacks of aphasia and paralyses in states of high blood pressure and arterio-sclerosis. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1911;1:919–26.Google Scholar
Ott, JM. Dissertatio inauguralis medico-anatomica, historiam renis sinistri maxime tumidi atque corrupti, in cadavere humano reperti, pandens et explicans. Thesis Basileae, 1719.Google Scholar
Ott, JM. Historia renis sinistri maxime tumidi. In Acta Helvetica Physico-Mathematico-Botanico-Medica. Basileae, Joh. Rudolphus Imhof, 1751, 30–48.Google Scholar
Pagel, J. Lexicon hervorragender Ärzte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts. Berlin/Wien, Urban and Schwarzenberg, 1901.Google Scholar
Pagel, W. Harvey’s Biological Ideas: Selected Aspects and Historical Background. Basel/New York, NY, S. Karger, 1967.Google Scholar
Pagel, W. Joan Baptista van Helmont: Reformer of Science and Medicine. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Paget, J. Fatty degeneration of the small blood vessels of the brain, and its relation to apoplexy. The London Medical Gazette 1850;II–X:229–35.Google Scholar
Parish, LC. Hutchinson, Jonathan. In Bynum, WF and Bynum, H, eds. Dictionary of Medical Biography. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 2007, 680–1.Google Scholar
Paterson, R, Depasquale, N, and Mann, S. Pseudotumor cerebri. Medicine (Baltimore) 1961;40:85–99.Google Scholar
Payne, FJ. Dictionary of National Biography, 1885–1900/Carswell, Robert. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Carswell,_Robert_(DNB00). [Accessed 6 September 2021]Google Scholar
Peacock, TB. Intracranial aneurisms. Saint Thomas’s Hospital Reports 1876;7:119–74, 317–23.Google Scholar
Pearce, JMS. A brief history of the clinical thermometer. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 2002;95:251–2.Google Scholar
Pearce, JMS. Brain disease leading to mental illness: a concept initiated by the discovery of general paralysis of the insane. European Neurology 2012;67:272–8.Google Scholar
Pearce, JMS, Gubbay, SS, and Walton, JN. Long-term anticoagulant therapy in transient cerebral ischaemic attacks. The Lancet 1965;285:6–9.Google Scholar
Peitzman, SJ. Bright, Richard. In Bynum, WF and Bynum, H, eds. Dictionary of Medical Biography. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 2007, 259–61.Google Scholar
Penzoldt, F. Ueber Thrombose (autochthone oder embolische) der Carotis. Deutsches Archiv für klinische Medicin 1881;28:80–93.Google Scholar
Pestronk, A. The first neurology book. ‘De Cerebri Morbis’ (1549) by Jason Pratensis. Archives of Neurology 1988;45:341–4.Google Scholar
Pick, L. Ueber die sogenannten miliare Aneurysmen der Hirngefässe. Berliner klinische Wochenschrift 1910;47:325–9, 382–6.Google Scholar
Pickering, A. Against putting the phenomena first: the discovery of the weak neutral current. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 1984;15:85–117.Google Scholar
Pickering, GW. Transient cerebral paralysis in hypertension and in cerebral embolism with special reference to the pathogenesis of chronic hypertensive encephalopathy. Journal of the American Medical Association 1948;137:423–30.Google Scholar
Pinel, S. Traité du Pathologie cérébrale ou des Maladies du Cerveau. Paris, Just Rouvier, 1844.Google Scholar
Pioch, . Observation relative à un cas de gangrène partielle du pied attribuée à un caillot détaché du coeur. Gazette Médicale de Paris 1847;III–2:671–2.Google Scholar
Piso, C. De praetervisis hactenus Morbis Affectibusque praeter Naturam, ab Aqua seu serosa Colluvie & Diluvie ortis. Ponte ad Monticulum, Carolus Mercator, 1618.Google Scholar
Platerus, F. Praxeos, seu de cognoscendis, praedicendis, praecavendis curandisque Affectibus Homini incommodantibus: Tractatus de Functionum Laesionibus. Basileae, Conradus Waldkirchius, 1602.Google Scholar
Platerus, F. Observationum in Hominis Affectibus plerisque, Corpori & Animo, Functionum Laesione, Dolore, aliave Molestia & Vitio accomodantibus, Libri tres. Basileae, Ludovicus König, 1614.Google Scholar
Poirier, J. Claude François Lallemand (1790–1854). Journal of Neurology 2010;257:681–2.Google Scholar
Poirier, J. Le docteur Jean-Baptiste Vincent Laborde (1830–1903), neurologue et neurophysiologiste oublié. Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement 2015;13:73–82.Google Scholar
Pomata, G. Observation rising. In Daston, L and Lunbeck, E, eds. Histories of Scientific Observation. Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 2011, 45–80.Google Scholar
Pomme, P. Traité des affections vaporeuses des deux sexes. Lyon, Benoit Duplain, 1765.Google Scholar
Pomme, P. Traité des Affections vaporeuses des deux Sexes. Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1782.Google Scholar
Ponfick, E. Ueber embolische Aneurysmen, nebst Bemerkungen über das akute Herzaneurysma (Herzgeschwür). Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin 1873;58:528–71.Google Scholar
Ponsart, GB. Traité de l’Apoplexie et de ses differentes Espèces. Liège, L. J. Demany, 1775.Google Scholar
Portal, A. Observations sur l’apoplexie. Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences 1781;623–30.Google Scholar
Portal, A. Mémoires sur la Nature et le Traitement de plusieurs Maladies. Paris, Bertrand et Moutardier, 1800.Google Scholar
Portal, A. Observations sur la Nature et le Traitement de l’Apoplexie, et sur les Moyens de la prévenir. Paris, Crochard, 1811.Google Scholar
Posey, WC. Transient monocular blindness. Journal of the American Medical Association 1902;38:1418–21.Google Scholar
Postel, M and Postel, J. La découverte de l’étiologie syphilitique de la paralysie générale et ses incidences idéologiques sur la prévention des maladies mentales. Histoire des Sciences Médicales 1982;17:83–7.Google Scholar
Prévost, J-L. De la déviation conjuguée des yeux et de la rotation de la tête dans certains cas d’hémiplégie. Thesis Paris, 1868.Google Scholar
Prévost, J-L and Cotard, J. Études physiologiques et pathologiques sur le Ramollissement cérébral. Paris, Adrien Delahaye, 1866.Google Scholar
Primirosius, J. Antidotum adversus Henrici Regii Utrajectensis Medicinae Professoris venenatam Spongiam, sive Vindiciae Animadversationum. In Recentiorum Disceptationes de Motu Cordis, Sanguinis et Chili in Animalibus. Lugduni Batavorum, Ioannes Maire, 1644.Google Scholar
Quincke, H. Die Lumbalpunktion des Hydrocephalus. Berliner klinische Wochenschrift 1891;28:929–33, 965–8.Google Scholar
Quincke, H. Über Meningitis serosa. In Sammlung klinischer Vorträge, innere Medizin no. 23. Leipzig, Breitkopf und Härtel, 1893, 655–94.Google Scholar
Raige-Delorme, . Notice nécrologique sur le Dr. Rochoux. Archives Générales de Médecine 1852;28:503–8.Google Scholar
Ramsey, M. Portal, Antoine. In Bynum, WF and Bynum, H, eds. Dictionary of Medical Biography. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 2007, 1029–30.Google Scholar
Ray, BS and Dunbar, HS. Thrombosis of the dural venous sinuses as a cause of pseudotumor cerebri. Annals of Surgery 1951;134:376–86.Google Scholar
Ray, BS, Dunbar, HS, and Dotter, CT. Dural sinus venography. Radiology 1951;57:477–86.Google Scholar
Reading, PV and Schurr, PH. Thrombosis of the sigmoid sinus: past and present. The Lancet 1956;271:473–6.Google Scholar
Reed, RL, Siekert, RG, and Merideth, J. Rarity of transient focal cerebral ischemia in cardiac dysrhythmia. Journal of the American Medical Association 1973;223:893–5.Google Scholar
Regli, F. Die flüchtigen ischämischen zerebralen Attacken. Naturlicher Verlauf und Pathogenese. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 1971;96:525–30.Google Scholar
Reynolds, EH and Kinnier Wilson, JV. Stroke in Babylonia. Archives of Neurology 2004;61:597–601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reynolds, JR and Bastian, HC. Softening of the brain. In Reynolds, JR, ed. System of Medicine. London/Philadelphia, PA, Macmillan and Co., Lippincott and Co., 1868, 434–77.Google Scholar
Ribes, F. Exposé succinct des recherches faites sur la phlébite. Revue Médicale Française et Étrangére et Journal de Clinique de l’Hôtel Dieu et de la Charité de Paris 1825;3:5–41.Google Scholar
Richardson, JC and Hyland, HH. A clinical and pathological study of subarachnoid and intracerebral haemorrhage caused by berry aneurysms. Medicine 1941;20:1–84.Google Scholar
Richelmi, P. Essai sur l’Apoplexie, ou Pathologie, Séméiotique, Hygiène et Thérapeutique de cette Maladie, considerée dans ses différentes Espèces. Marseille, Joseph-François Achard, 1811.Google Scholar
Ricord, P. Traité pratique des Maladies vénériennes. Paris, Just Rouvier et E. Le Bouvier, 1838.Google Scholar
Ridley, H. The Anatomy of the Brain, Containing its Mechanism and Physiology, Together with Some New Discoveries and Corrections of Ancient and Modern Authors on That Subject, to which Is Annexed a Particular Account of Animal Functions and Muscular Motion. London, Sam. Smith and Benj. Walford, 1695.Google Scholar
Ridley, H. Experimentum anatomicum ad veram durae matris motus causam detegendam institutum. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 1703;23:1480–4.Google Scholar
Riechert, T. Die Arteriographie der Hirngefässe bei einseitingem Verschluß der Carotis interna. Der Nervenarzt 1938;11:290–7.Google Scholar
Riobé, M. Observations propres à résoudre cette question: l’apoplexie dans laquelle il se fait un épanchement de sang dans le cerveau, est-elle susceptible de guérison? Thesis Paris, 1814.Google Scholar
Riolan, J. Encheiridium anatomicum et pathologicum. Lugduni Batavorum, Ex Officina Adriani Wyngaerden, 1649a.Google Scholar
Riva-Rocci, S. Un nuovo sfigmomanometro. Gazzetta medico di Torino 1896–1897; 47–8:981–96, 1001–17, 161–72, 181–91.Google Scholar
Rob, C and Wheeler, EB. Thrombosis of internal carotid artery treated by arterial surgery. British Medical Journal 1957;2:264–6.Google Scholar
Robin, C. Recherches sur quelques particularités de la structure des capillaires de l’encéphale. Journal de la Physiologie de l’Homme et des Animaux 1859;2:537–48.Google Scholar
Robinson, RG. Ruptured aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery. Journal of Neurosurgery 1971;35:25–33.Google Scholar
Rocca, J. Galen on the Brain: Anatomical Knowledge and Physiological Speculation in the Second Century AD. Leiden and Boston, MA, Brill, 2003.Google Scholar
Rochoux, J-A. Recherches sur l’Apoplexie, et sur plusieurs autres Maladies de l’Appareil nerveux cérébro-spinal. Paris, Béchet Jeune, 1833.Google Scholar
Rochoux, J-A. Sur l’hypertrophie du coeur considérée comme cause de l’apoplexie et sur le système de Gall. Archives Générales de Médecine 1836;II –11:167–88.Google Scholar
Rochoux, J-A. Du ramollissement du cerveau et de sa curabilité. Archives Générales de Médecine 1844;IV–6:265–82, 401–30.Google Scholar
Rokitansky, C. Handbuch der speciellen pathologischen Anatomie. Wien, Braumüller and Seidel, 1844.Google Scholar
Romberg, M. Ueber den Schlagfluss in pathologisch-anatomischer Hinsicht: aus der neueren Untersuchungen der Herren Dr. Dr. Cheyne, Rochoux, Riobé und Bricheteau. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung im Gebiete der praktischen Medizin, Chirurgie, Geburtshülfe und Staatsarzneikunde 1819;36:533–70.Google Scholar
Romberg, M. Ueber den Schlagfluss in pathologisch-anatomischer Hinsicht aus den neueren Untersuchungen englischer und franzözischer Aertzte. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung im Gebiete der praktischen Medizin, Chirurgie, Geburtshülfe und Staatsarzneikunde 1820;38:1–112.Google Scholar
Romberg, M. Kritische Prüfung von J. Abercrombie’s Abhandlung über die Krankheiten de Gehirns und des Rückenmarks (zweiter Teil). Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung im Gebiete der praktischen Medizin, Chirurgie, Geburtshülfe und Staatsarzneikunde 1822;41:458–87.Google Scholar
Romberg, M. Ergebnisse einiger Leichenöffnungen; zweite Klasse der Hirn- und Rückenmarkskrankheiten: Hämorrhagieen. Horn’s Archiv für Medizinische Erfahrung im Gebiete der praktischen Medizin, Chirurgie, Geburtshülfe und Staatsarzneikunde 1823;43:405–47.Google Scholar
Romberg, M. Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten des Menschen. Berlin, Alexander Duncker, 1840–1846.Google Scholar
Röntgen, WC. Ueber eine neue Art von Strahlen. Sitzungsberichte der Würzburger physikalisch-medicinische Gesellschaft 1895;137:132–41.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, CE. Introduction. In Framing Disease: Illness, Society and History. New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Rosenblath, W. Über die Entstehung der Hirnblutung bei dem Schlaganfall. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Nervenheilkunde 1918;61:10–143.Google Scholar
Ross Russell, RW. Observations on the retinal blood-vessels in monocular blindness. The Lancet 1961;280:1422–8.Google Scholar
Ross Russell, RW. From the retired. Changing ideas on the pathogenesis of stroke. Practical Neurology 2003;3:240–5.Google Scholar
Rostan, L. Recherches sur une Maladie encore peu connue, qui a reçu le Nom de Ramollissement du Cerveau. Paris, Béchet et Crevot, 1820.Google Scholar
Rostan, L. Recherches sur le Ramollissement du Cerveau. Paris, Béchet, Gabon, et Crevot, 1823.Google Scholar
Rostan, L. Untersuchungen über die Erweichung des Gehirns, zugleich eine Unterscheidung der verschiedenen Krankheiten dieses Organs durch characteristische Zeichen beabsichtigend. Leipzig, Leopold Boß, 1824.Google Scholar
Roth, M. Ueber Gehirnapoplexie. Correspondenzblatt für Schweizer Aerzte 1874;4:145–52.Google Scholar
Rothenberg, SF and Corday, E. Etiology of the transient cerebral stroke. Journal of the American Medical Association 1957;164:2005–8.Google Scholar
Rühl, A. Atheroskerotische Gefässruptur oder Spasmus als Ursache der apoplektischen Gehirnblutung? Beiträge zur pathologischen Anatomie und zur allgemeinen Pathologie 1927;78–2:160–86.Google Scholar
Rush, C and Shaw, JF. With Sharp Compassion: Norman Dott, Freeman Surgeon of Edinburgh. Aberdeen, Aberdeen University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Russell, DS. The pathology of spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1954;47:689–93.Google Scholar
Russell, W. A postgraduate lecture on intermittent closing of the cerebral arteries: its relation to temporary and permanent paralysis. British Medical Journal 1909;2:1109–10.Google Scholar
Ruysch, F. Responsio ad Goelicke. In Frederici Ruyschii Opera omnia Anatomico-Medica-Chirurgica, vol. 2. Amstelodami, Apud Janssonio-Waesbergios, 1743 [1697], 1–11.Google Scholar
Sahs, AL. Cooperative study of intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Report on a randomized treatment study. I. Introduction. Stroke 1974;5:550–1.Google Scholar
Sahs, AL, Perret, GE, Locksley, HB, et al., eds. Intracranial Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Philadelphia, PA, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1969.Google Scholar
Samuel, KC. Atherosclerosis and occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 1956;71:391–401.Google Scholar
Sanders, TE. Intermittent occlusion of the central retinal artery. American Journal of Ophthalmology 1939;22:861–9.Google Scholar
Savory, WS. Case of a young woman in whom the main arteries of both upper extremities and of the left side of the neck were throughout completely obliterated. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions 1856;39:205–19.Google Scholar
Saxonia, H. Prognoseon Practicarum, Libri duo. Francofurti, Zacharia Palthenius, 1610.Google Scholar
Scardona, JF. Aphorismi de cognoscendis et curandis Morbis. Patavii, Joannis Manfrè, 1746.Google Scholar
Schaudinn, F and Hoffmann, E. Vorläufiger Bericht über das vorkommen von Spirochaeten in syphilitischen Krankheitsprodukten und bei Papillomen. Arbeiten aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte 1905;22:527–34.Google Scholar
Scheinker, IM. Changes in cerebral veins in hypertensive brain disease and their relation to cerebral hemorrhage: clinical pathologic study. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1945;53:395–408.Google Scholar
Schenck von Grafenberg, J. Paratereseon, sive Observationum medicarum, rararum, novarum, admirabilium & monstrosarum Volumen, Tomis septem. Francofurti, Nicolaus Hoffmann, 1609.Google Scholar
Schiffter, R. Moritz Heinrich Romberg (1795–1873). Journal of Neurology 2010;257:1409–10.Google Scholar
Schmahmann, JD, Nitsch, RM, and Pandya, DN. The mysterious relocation of the bundle of Turck. Brain 1992;115:1911–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, CV. Liber de Osse cribriformi, & Sensu ac Organo odoratus, & Morbis ad utraque spectantibus. Wittebergae, Tobias Mevius and Elardus Schumacher, 1655.Google Scholar
Schneider, CV. Liber primus de Catarrhis, quo agitur de Species Catarrhorum, & de Osse Cuneiformi, per quod Catarrhi decurrere finguntur. Wittebergae, Tobias Mevius and Elardus Schumacher, 1660.Google Scholar
Scholz, W and Nieto, D. Studien zur Pathologie der Hirngefässe; I. Fibrose und Hyalinose. Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie 1938;162:675–93.Google Scholar
Schutta, HS and Howe, HM. Seventeenth century concepts of ‘apoplexy’ as reflected in Bonet’s ‘Sepulchretum’. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 2006;15:250–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schützenberger, C. De l’Oblitération subite des Artères par des Corps solides ou des Concrétions fibrineuses détachées du Coeur ou des gros Vaisseaux à Sang rouge. Strasbourg, G. Silbermann, 1857.Google Scholar
Schwartz, CJ and Mitchell, JRA. Atheroma of the carotid and vertebral arterial systems. British Medical Journal 1961;2:1057–63.Google Scholar
Schwartz, D, Flamant, R, and Lellouch, J. L’essai thérapeutique chez l’homme. Paris, Flammarion-Médecine, 1970.Google Scholar
Schwartz, P. Die Arten der Schlaganfälle des Gehirns und ihre Entstehung. Berlin, Julius Springer, 1930a.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, P. Apoplektische Schädigungen bei der essentiellen Hypertonie. Der Nervenarzt 1930b;3:450–62.Google Scholar
Schwartz, P. Cerebral Apoplexy: Types, Causes and Pathogenesis. Springfield, IL, Charles C. Thomas, 1961.Google Scholar
Schwencke, T. Rari Casus Explicatio anatomico-medica. Hagae-Comitum, Petrus de Hondt, 1733.Google Scholar
Scott, A, Eadie, M, and Lees, A. William Richard Gowers 1845–1915: Exploring the Victorian Brain. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Scougal, EF. Hemiplegia occurring nine days after parturition: death; partial post mortem examination. Transactions of the Obstetrical Society of London 1888;30:214–17.Google Scholar
Sédillot, CE. Blessure de l’artère carotide externe droite; hémorragies successives; tentatives infructueuses de ligature de la carotide primitive, le cinquième jour; continuation des hémorragies; ligature immédiate du tronc carotidien le treizième jour; hémiplégie complète du côté gauche; paralysie de la face et de les sens du côté droit; résorption purulente; mort le vingt-troisième jour de l’accident et le dixième de l’opération. Gazette Médicale de Paris 1842;II–10:367–71.Google Scholar
Sée, M. Discussion sur l’artérite. Gazette Hebdomadaire de Médecine et de Chirurgie 1857;4:601–4.Google Scholar
Seldinger, SI. Catheter replacement of the needle in percutaneous arteriography: a new technique. Acta Radiologica 1953;39:368–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Serbinenko, FA. Balloon catheterization and occlusion of major cerebral vessels. Journal of Neurosurgery 1974;41:125–45.Google Scholar
Serres, A. Nouvelle division des apoplexies. Annuaire Médico-chirurgical des Hôpitaux et Hospices Civiles de Paris. 1819;1:246–363.Google Scholar
Serres, A. Observations sur la rupture des anévrysmes des artères du cerveau. Archives Générales de Médecine 1926;10:419–31.Google Scholar
Shapin, S. The Social History of Truth. Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Shennan, T. Miliary aneurysms, in relation to cerebral haemorrhage. Edinburgh Medical Journal 1915;15:245–52.Google Scholar
Sherrington, CS. The Endeavour of Jean Fernel. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1946.Google Scholar
Shimidzu, K. Beiträge zur Arteriographie des Gehirns – einfache percutane Methode. Archiv für klinische Chirurgie 1937;188:295–316.Google Scholar
Shlyakhto, E and Conrady, A. Korotkoff sounds: what do we know about its discovery? Journal of Hypertension 2005;23:3–5.Google Scholar
Shorvon, S and Compston, A. Queen Square: A History of the National Hospital and Its Institute of Neurology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2019.Google Scholar
Sicard, J-A. Chromodiagnostic du liquide céphalorachidien dans les hémorragies du névraxe. Valeur de la teinte jeunatre. Comptes Rendus des Séances et Mémoires de la Société de Biologie 1901;23:1050–2.Google Scholar
Sicard, J-A and Forestier, J. Méthode radiographique d’exploration de la cavité épidurale par le Lipiodol. Revue Neurologique 1921;37:1264–6.Google Scholar
Siegert, P. Die ursächliche Bedeutung einer Verkalkung oder Thrombose der Carotis interna für Funktionsstörungen des Auges. Archiv für Ophthalmologie 1938;138:798–844.Google Scholar
Siekert, RG. Cardiac dysrhythmia and transient cerebral ischaemic attacks. The Lancet 1973;302:444–5.Google Scholar
Siekert, RG, Millikan, CH, and Whisnant, JP. Anticoagulant therapy in intermittent cerebrovascular insufficiency. Follow-up data. JAMA 1961;176:19–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sigerist, HE. The Great Doctors: A Biographical History of Medicine. New York, NY, W. W. Norton, 1933.Google Scholar
Silversides, JL. Basilar artery stenosis and thrombosis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1954;47:290–3.Google Scholar
Siraisi, NG. The Canon of Avicenna. In Wear, A, et al., eds. The Medical Renaissance of the Sixteenth Century. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985, 16–41.Google Scholar
Siraisi, NG. The Clock and the Mirror: Girolamo Cardano and Renaissance Medicine. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Smith, CUM. Brain and mind in the ‘long’ eighteenth century. In Whitaker, H, et al., eds. Brain, Mind and Medicine: Essays in Eighteenth-Century Neuroscience. New York, NY, Springer, 2007, 15–28.Google Scholar
Sorgo, W. Über den Art. carotis interna-Verschluss bei jüngeren personen. Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie. 1939;167:581–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorgo, W. Über den durch Gefässprozesse bedingten Verschluss der Art. carotis interna. Zentralblatt fur Neurochirurgie 1939;4:161–79.Google Scholar
Sponer, E. Beitrag zu dem durch Gefäßveränderungen bedingten Verschluß der Arteria carotis interna. Bruns’ Beiträge zur klinischen Chirurgie 1941;172:481–95.Google Scholar
Sprengel, K. Versuch einer pragmatischen Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 3rd edn. Halle, Gebauersche Buchhandlung, 1821–1828.Google Scholar
Spurgin, T. Case of aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery. The London Medical Repository 1825;3:443–5.Google Scholar
Staemmler, . Zur Lehre von der Entstehung des Schlaganfalles. Klinische Wochenschrift 1936;15:1300–6.Google Scholar
Stein, L. Beitrag zur Ätiologie der Gehirnblutungen. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Nervenheilkunde 1895;7:314–29.Google Scholar
Steinke, H. Haller, Albrecht von. In Bynum, WF and Bynum, H, eds. Dictionary of Medical Biography. Westport, CT, Greenwood Press, 2007, 603–5.Google Scholar
Stevens, DL and Matthews, WB. Cryptogenic drop attacks: an affliction of women. British Medical Journal 1973;1:439–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stoll, M. Pars prima Rationis medendi in Nosocomio practico Vindobonensi. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Haak, Socios, A., and J. Honkoop, 1786.Google Scholar
Sträuli, P. Die Ärztefamilie Brunner aus Diessenhofen. In Nägeli, E and Speich, HM, eds. Thurgauer Jahrbuch 1980. Frauenfeld, Huber, 1979, 69–78.Google Scholar
Strümpell, A and Seyfarth, C. Lehrbuch der speziellen Pathologie und Therapie der inneren Krankheiten, für Studierende und Ärzte, 25th edn. Leipzig, F. C. W. Vogel, 1926.Google Scholar
Sudhoff, K, ed. Theophrast von Hohenheim gen. Paracelsus, Sämtliche Werke. München/Berlin, K. Oldenbourg, 1931.Google Scholar
Sugar, HS, Webster, JE, and Gurdjian, ES. Ophthalmologic findings in spontaneous thrombosis of the carotid arteries. Archives of Ophthalmology 1950;44:823–32.Google Scholar
Sundt, TM, Jr. Management of ischemic complications after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of Neurosurgery 1975;43:418–25.Google Scholar
Suy, R. The varying morphology and aetiology of the arterial aneurysm: a historical study. Acta Chirurgica Belgica 2006;106:354–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sydenham, T. Observationes medicae circa Morborum acutorum Historiam et Curationem, 4th edn. Londini, Gualtherus Kettelby, 1676.Google Scholar
Sydenham, T. Dissertatio epistolaris ad spectatissimum doctissimumque Virum Guilelmum Cole de Observationibus nuperis circa Curationem Variolarum confluentium, nec non de Affectione hysterica. Genevae, Samuel de Tournes, 1684.Google Scholar
Symonds, C. Autobiographical introduction. In Symonds, C, ed. Studies in Neurology. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1970, 1–23.Google Scholar
Symonds, CP. Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 1924;18:93–122.Google Scholar
Symonds, CP and Cushing, H. Contributions to the clinical study of cerebral aneurysms. Guy’s Hospital Reports 1923;73:139–58.Google Scholar
Szekely, P. Systemic embolism and anticoagulant prophylaxis in rheumatic heart disease. British Medical Journal 1964;1:1209–12.Google Scholar
Teasdale, G and Jennett, B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. The Lancet 1974;304:81–4.Google Scholar
Teitelbaum, GP, Larsen, DW, Zelman, V, et al. A tribute to Dr. Fedor A. Serbinenko, founder of endovascular neurosurgery. Neurosurgery 2000;46:462–9; discussion 469–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teive, H, Ferreira, MG, Camargo, CHF, et al. The duels of Pierre Marie and Jules Dejerine. European Neurology 2020;83:345–50.Google Scholar
Terson, A. De l’hémorrhagie dans le corps vitré au cours de l’hémorrhagie cerebrale. La Clinique Ophthalmologique 1900;6:309–12.Google Scholar
Tissot, SAD. Nobilissimo et illustrissimo Alb. v. Hallero de Variolis, Apoplexia, et Hydrope. Lausannae, Ex Typographia Antonii Chapuis, 1761.Google Scholar
Tissot, SAD. Avis au Peuple, sur sa Santé, 3rd edn. Lyon, Jean-Marie Bruyset et Benoit Duplain le jeune, 1764.Google Scholar
Todd, NV, Howie, JE, and Miller, JD. Norman Dott’s contribution to aneurysm surgery. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1990;53:455–8.Google Scholar
Todd, RB. Account of a case of a dissecting aneurism of the aorta, innominata, and right carotid arteries, giving rise to suppression of urine and white softening of the brain. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions 1844;27:301–24.Google Scholar
Todd, RB. Clinical Lectures on Paralysis, Certain Diseases of the Brain, and Other Affections of the Nervous System. London, John Churchill, 1856.Google Scholar
Tonnellé, L. Mémoire sur les Maladies des Sinus veineux de la Dure-mère. Paris, Académie Royale de Médecine, 1829.Google Scholar
Towbin, A. The syndrome of latent cerebral venous thrombosis: its frequency and relation to age and congestive heart failure. Stroke 1973;4:419–30.Google Scholar
Troupp, H and af Björkesten, G. Results of a controlled trial of late surgical versus conservative treatment of intracranial arterial aneurysms. Journal of Neurosurgery 1971;35:20–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trousseau, A. Clinique médicale de l’Hôtel-Dieu de Paris. Paris, J. B. Baillière, 1882.Google Scholar
Tubbs, RS, Loukas, M, Shoja, MM, et al. Costanzo Varolio (Constantius Varolius 1543–1575) and the Pons Varolli. Neurosurgery 2008;62:734–7.Google Scholar
Tulpius, N. Observationum medicarum Libri tres; cum aeneis Figuris. Amstelredami, Apud Ludovicum Elzevirum, 1641.Google Scholar
Türck, L. Über die Beziehung gewisser Krankheitsherde des grossen Gehirnes zur Anästhesie. Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichte Klasse 1859;36:191–9.Google Scholar
Turnbull, HM. Alterations in arterial structure, and their relation to syphilis. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 1915;8:201–54.Google Scholar
Turner, AL. Patient operated upon for sigmoid sinus thrombosis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1908;1:137.Google Scholar
Turner, FC. Arteries of the brain from cases of cerebral haemorrhage. Transactions of the Pathological Society of London 1882;33:96–101.Google Scholar
Turner, WA and Stuart, TG. A Textbook of Nervous Diseases. London, J. & A. Churchill, 1910.Google Scholar
Ullersperger, JB. Der Hirnnervenschlag (Apoplexia nervosa). Neuwied und Leipzig, J. H. Heuser, 1864.Google Scholar
Unger, W. Beiträge zur Lehre von den Aneurysmen. Beiträge zur pathologischen Anatomie und zur allgemeinen Pathologie 1911;51:137–77.Google Scholar
Vallisneri, A. Dell’Uso e dell’Abuso di Bevande e Bagnature calde o freddo. Napoli, Felice Mosca, 1727.Google Scholar
Van der Korst, JK. Een Dokter van Formaat: Gerard van Swieten, Lijfarts van Keizerin Maria Theresia. Houten/Bohn, Stafleu and van Loghum, 2003.Google Scholar
Van Gijn, J. A patient with word blindness in the seventeenth century. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 2015;24:352–60.Google Scholar
Van Gijn, J and Bonke, B. Interpretation of plantar reflexes: biasing effect of other signs and symptoms. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1977;40:787–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Helmont, JB. Ortus Medicinae, id est, Initia Physicae inaudita. Progressus Medicinae novus, in Morborum Ultionem, ad Vitam longam. Amsterodami, Apud Ludovicum Elzevirum, 1648.Google Scholar
Van Swieten, GLB. Commentaria in Hermanni Boerhaave Aphorismos de cognoscendis et curandis Morbis. Lugduni Batavorum, Johannes et Hermannus Verbeek, 1755–72.Google Scholar
Varolio, C. De Nervis opticis, nonnullisque aliis praeter communem Opinionem in humano Capite observatis ad Hieronimum Mercurialem. Patavii, Paulus and Antonius Meiettus, 1573.Google Scholar
Vesalius, A. De humani Corporis Fabrica Libri septem. Basileae, Ioannis Oporinus, 1543.Google Scholar
Vesalius, A. De humani Corporis Fabrica Libri septem, 2nd edn. Basileae, Ioannis Oporinus, 1555.Google Scholar
Vesling, J. Syntagma Anatomicum, Locis plurimis auctum, emendatum, novisque Iconibus diligenter exornatum, 2nd edn. Patavii, Typis Pauli Frambotti Bibliopolae, 1647.Google Scholar
Vesselle, B and Vesselle, G. Sur les traces du docteur François Ribes, chirurgien de la 1ère division d’ambulance dite du champ de bataille. Histoire des Sciences Médicales 2014;48:405–16.Google Scholar
Vessier, M. La Pitié-Salpêtrière: quatre siècles d’histoire et d’histoires. Paris, Assistance Publique et Hôpitaux de Paris, 1999.Google Scholar
Viets, HR. Heinrich Erb. In Haymaker, W and Schiller, F, eds. The Founders of Neurology. Springfield, IL, Charles C. Thomas, 1970, 435–8.Google Scholar
Virchow, R. Faserstoff; form der Gerinnung. Neue Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur- und Heilkunde 1845;35:323–30.Google Scholar
Virchow, R. Ueber die chemischen Eigenschaften des Faserstoffs. Zeitschrift für rationelle Medicin 1846a;4:262–92.Google Scholar
Virchow, R. Ueber die physikalische Eigenschaften und das Zerfallen des Faserstoffs. Zeitschrift für rationelle Medicin 1846b;5:213–42.Google Scholar
Virchow, R. Die Verstopfung der Lungenarterie und ihre Folgen. Beiträge zur experimentellen Pathologie und Physiologie 1846c;1–90.Google Scholar
Virchow, R. Ueber die akute Entzündung der Arterien. Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin 1847a;1:272–378.Google Scholar
Virchow, R. Zur pathologischen Physiologie des Bluts. Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin 1847b;1:547–83.Google Scholar
Virchow, R. Ueber die Erweiterung kleinerer Gefässe. Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin 1851;3:427–62.Google Scholar
Virchow, R. Ueber die Natur der constitutionell-syphilitischen Affectionen. Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin 1858;15:217–336.Google Scholar
Virchow, R. Verstopfung der Gekrösarterie. In Kölliker, A, et al., eds. Verhandlungen der physicalisch-medicinischen Gesellschaft in Würzburg. Würzburg, Stahel, 1854, 341–9.Google Scholar
Virchow, R. Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur wissenschaftlichen Medicin. Frankfurt a.M., Meidinger, 1856a.Google Scholar
Virchow, R. Verstopfung der Lungenarterie. In Virchow, R, ed. Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur wissenschaftlichen Medicin. Frankfurt a.M., Meidinger, 1856b, 227–94.Google Scholar
Virchow, R. Ursprung des Faserstoffs. In Virchow, R, ed. Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Wissenschaftlichen Medicin. Frankfurt a.M., Meidinger, 1856c, 104–46.Google Scholar
Vogt, C and Vogt, O. Zur Lehre der Erkrankungen des striären Systems. Journal für Psychologie und Neurologie 1920;25:631–846.Google Scholar
Von Bergmann, G. Das spasmogene Ulcus pepticum. Münchener medizinische Wochenschrift 1913;60:169–74.Google Scholar
Von Bonin, G. Walter Campbell. In Haymaker, W and Schiller, F, eds. The Founders of Neurology. Springfield, IL, Charles C. Thomas, 1970, 102–4.Google Scholar
Von Haller, A. Primae Lineae physiologiae, in Usum Praelectionum academicarum. ad secundam Editionem Gottingensem [1st edn 1747]. Prostant Lovanii, Apud L. J. van Rossum, 1758.Google Scholar
Von Hofmann, E. Ueber Aneurysmen der Basilararterien und deren Ruptur als Ursache des plötzlichen Todes. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 1894;7:823–6, 848–50, 867–8, 886–8.Google Scholar
Von Staden, H. The discovery of the body: human dissection and its cultural contexts in ancient Greece. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 1992;65:223–41.Google Scholar
Von Weismayr, A. Ein Fall der Stenose der Carotis und Subclavia. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 1894;7:906–8, 925–7.Google Scholar
Von Zenker, FA. Spontane Hirnhämorrhagien. In Winter, A, ed. Tageblatt der 45. Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte. Leipzig, C. Wilfferodt, 1872, 159–60.Google Scholar
Vulpian, A. Note sur l’état des nerfs sensitifs, des ganglions spinaux et du grand sympathique dans les cas de sclerose des faisceaux postérieurs de la moelle épinière avec atrophie des racines postérieurs. Archives de Physiologie Normale et Pathologique 1868;1:128–56.Google Scholar
Waga, S, Otsubo, K, and Handa, H. Warning signs in intracranial aneurysms. Surgical Neurology 1975;3:15–20.Google ScholarPubMed
Waggoner, RW. Thrombosis of a superior cerebral vein: clinical and pathological study of a case. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1928;20:580–4.Google Scholar
Walker, AE. Egas Moniz. In Haymaker, W and Schiller, F, eds. The Founders of Neurology. Springfield, IL, Charles C. Thomas, 1970, 489–92.Google Scholar
Walsh, FB. Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology. Baltimore, MD, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1947.Google Scholar
Walter, PF, Reid, SD, Jr, and Wenger, NK. Transient cerebral ischemia due to arrhythmia. Annals of Internal Medicine 1970;72:471–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walton, JN. Surgery of intracranial aneurysms. British Medical Journal 1956b;1:859–60.Google Scholar
Walusinski, O. Jean-Martin Charcot’s house officers at La Salpêtrière Hospital. Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience 2011;29:9–35.Google Scholar
Walusinski, O. Jean-André Rochoux (1787–1852), a physician philosopher at the dawn of vascular neurology. Revue neurologique 2017a;173:532–41.Google Scholar
Walusinski, O. Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893): a treatment approach gone astray? European Neurology 2017b;78:296–306.Google Scholar
Ward, J. Case of hemiplegia, with softening of the brain. London Medical Repository 1824;1:46–7.Google Scholar
Wassermann, A, Neisser, A, and Bruck, C. Eine serodiagnostische Reaktion bei Syphilis. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift 1906;32:745–6.Google Scholar
Watkins, R. The Miraculous Deliverance of Anne Greene. Oxford, Leonard Lichfield and H. Hall, for Thomas Robinson, 1651.Google Scholar
Wear, A. Early modern Europe. In Conrad, LI, et al., eds. The Western Medical Tradition 800 bc to ad 1800. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1995, 215–361.Google Scholar
Wear, A, French, RK, and Lonie, IM, eds. The Medical Renaissance of the Sixteenth Century. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985.Google Scholar
Webster, JE, Dolgoff, S, and Gurdjian, ES. Spontaneous thrombosis of the carotid arteries in the neck: report of four cases. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1950;63:942–53.Google Scholar
Weisberg, LA. Benign intracranial hypertension. Medicine (Baltimore) 1975;54:197–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiss, KE. Amaurosis fugax durch Krampf der Retinalgefässe. Bericht über die Versammlung der opthalmologische Gesellschaft Heidelberg 1912;38:205–13.Google Scholar
Welch, FJ. Aortic aneurism in the army, and the conditions associated with it. The Lancet 1875;106:769–71.Google Scholar
Wendeler, P. Zur Histologie der syphilitischen Erkrankung der Hirnarterien. Deutsches Archiv für klinische Medicin 1895;55:161–72.Google Scholar
Wepfer, JJ. Observationes anatomicae ex Cadaveribus eorum, quos sustulit Apoplexia, cum Exercitatione de eius Loco affecto. Schaffhusii, Caspar Suter, 1658.Google Scholar
Wepfer, JJ. Observationes anatomicae, ex Cadaveribus eorum, quos sustulit Apoplexia, cum Exercitatione de eius Loco affecto; novae Editioni accessit Auctuarium Historiarum & Observationum similium, cum Scholiis. Schaffhusii, Onophrii A Waldkirch, 1675.Google Scholar
Wepfer, JJ. Historiae Apoplecticorum, Observationibus & Scholiis anatomicis & medicis quamplurimis elaboratae & illustratae. Amstelaedami, Janssonius van Waesberge, 1724.Google Scholar
Wepfer, JJ. Observationes medico-practicae de Affectibus Capitis internis & externis. Scaphusii, Typis and Impensis Joh. Adami Ziegleri, 1727.Google Scholar
Westphal, K. Über die Entstehung des Schlaganfalles. II. Klinische Untersuchungen zum Problem der Entstehung des Schlaganfalles. Deutsches Archiv für klinische Medicin 1926a;151:31–95.Google Scholar
Westphal, K. Über die Entstehung des Schlaganfalles. III. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Apoplexieproblem. Deutsches Archiv für klinische Medicin 1926b;151:96–109.Google Scholar
Westphal, K. Über die Entstehung und Behandlung der Apoplexia sanguinea. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 1932;58:685–90.Google Scholar
Westphal, K. Über die Spontanblutungen des Gehirns. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Pathologischen Gesellschaft 1937;29:55–73.Google Scholar
Westphal, K and Bär, R. Über die Entstehung des Schlaganfalles. I. Pathologisch-anatomische Untersuchungen zur Frage der Entstehung des Schlaganfalles. Deutsches Archiv für klinische Medicin 1926;151:1–30.Google Scholar
Whitaker, H, Smith, CUM, and Finger, S. Introduction. In Whitaker, H, et al., eds. Brain, Mind and Medicine: Essays in Eighteenth-Century Neuroscience. New York, NY, Springer, 2007, 3–4.Google Scholar
Wichern, H. Klinische Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Hirnaneurysmen. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Nervenheilkunde 1912;44:220–63.Google Scholar
Wiener, LM, Berry, RG, and Kundin, J. Intracranial circulation in carotid occlusion. Archives of Neurology 1964;11:554–61.Google Scholar
Wiesendanger, M. Constantin von Monakow (1853–1930): a pioneer in interdisciplinary brain research and a humanist. Comptes Rendus Biologies 2006;329:406–18.Google Scholar
Wilks, S. Sanguineous meningeal effusion (apoplexy): spontaneous and from injury. Guy’s Hospital Reports 1859;III–5:119–27.Google Scholar
Wilks, S. On the syphilitic affections of internal organs. Guy’s Hospital Reports 1863;III–9:1–64.Google Scholar
Wilks, S. Lectures on Diseases of the Nervous System, Delivered at Guy’s Hospital. London, J. & A. Churchill, 1878.Google Scholar
Williams, D and Wilson, TG. The diagnosis of the major and minor syndromes of basilar insufficiency. Brain 1962;85:741–74.Google Scholar
Williams, DJ. Central vertigo. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1967;60:961–4.Google Scholar
Willis, T. Cerebri Anatome, cui accessit Nervorum Descriptio et Usus. Londini, Typis Ja. Flesher, Impensis Jo. Martyn, and Ja. Allestry, 1664.Google Scholar
Willis, T. De Anima Brutorum, quae Hominis vitalis ac sensitiva est, Exercitationes duae. Londini, Ric. Davis, 1672.Google Scholar
Wilson, DH and Gardner, WJ. Benign intracranial hypertension with particular reference to its occurrence in fat young women. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1966;95:102–5.Google ScholarPubMed
Wilson, PJ and Cast, IP. ‘Twin’ intracranial aneurysms. British Medical Journal 1973;1:484.Google Scholar
Wolfe, HRI. Unexplained thrombosis of the left internal carotid artery. The Lancet 1948;252:567–9.Google Scholar
Wolff, K. Grundlagen zu dem Problem der spontanen apoplektischen Hirnblutungen; Teil I. Beiträge zur pathologischen Anatomie und zur allgemeinen Pathologie 1932a;89:249–310.Google Scholar
Wolff, K. Grundlagen zu dem Problem der spontanen apoplektischen Hirnblutungen; Teil II. Beiträge zur pathologischen Anatomie und zur algemeinen Pathologie 1932b;89:487–512.Google Scholar
Wolff, K. Untersuchungen und Bemerkungen zur Lehre von der hypertonischen apoplektischen Hirnblutung. Virchow’s Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin 1937;299:573–628.Google Scholar
Wright, JR and McIntyre, L. Misread and mistaken: Étienne Lancereaux’s enduring legacy in the classification of diabetes mellitus. Journal of Medical Biography 2022;30:15–20.Google Scholar
Wright, T. Circulation: William Harvey’s Revolutionary Idea. London, Chatto and Windus, 2012.Google Scholar
Wüllenweber, G. Fortdauer des Lebens bei doppelseitigem vollständigen Verschluß der Aa. Carotides internae. Deutsche Zeitschrift der Nervenkrankheiten 1928;105:283–8.Google Scholar
Yasargil, MG and Fox, JL. The microsurgical approach to intracranial aneurysms. Surgical Neurology 1975;3:7–14.Google Scholar
Yates, PO. Cerebral pathology following carotid spasm. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1954;47:606–7; discussion, 607–8.Google Scholar
Yates, PO and Hutchinson, EC. Cerebral Infarction: The Role of Stenosis of the Extracranial Cerebral Arteries. London, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, 1961.Google ScholarPubMed
Yelloly, J. Case of preternatural growth in the lining membrane covering the trunks of the vessels proceeding from the arch of the aorta. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions 1823;12:565–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Zago, S and Meraviglia, MV. Costanzo Varolio (1543–1575). Journal of Neurology 2009;256:1195–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zanchetti, A and Mancia, G. The centenary of blood pressure measurement: a tribute to Scipione Riva-Rocci. Journal of Hypertension 1996;14:1–12.Google Scholar
Zarranz, JJ. Bourneville: a neurologist in action. Neurosciences and History 2015;3:107–15.Google Scholar
Zeidman, LA, Ziller, MG, and Shevell, M. Ilya Mark Scheinker: controversial neuroscientist and refugee from National Socialist Europe. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 2016;43:334–44.Google Scholar
Zentmayer, WJ Rowan, , and , AK. William Campbell Posey (1866-1934). Archives of Ophthalmology 1934;12:931–8.Google Scholar
Ziegler, DK and Hassanein, RS. Prognosis in patients with transient ischemic attacks. Stroke 1973;4:666–73.Google Scholar
Zulian, F. Ueber den Schlagfluss, vorzüglich der Nerven (in freien Uebersetzung von Wilhelm Friederich Domeier). Hannover, Helwigschen Hofbuchhandlung, 1791.Google Scholar
Zulianius, F. De Apoplexia, praesertim nervea, Commentarius. Brixiae, Fratres Pasini, 1789.Google Scholar
Zylberszac, S. Gottlieb Gluge. Biographie Nationale de l’Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux Arts de Belgique. www.academieroyale.be/academie/documents/FichierPDFBiographieNationaleTome2098.pdf#page=182. [Accessed 1 May 2022]Google Scholar