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The Re(Public) of Salsa: Afro-Cuban Music in Fin-de-Siècle Dakar

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2011

Richard M. Shain
Affiliation:
Associate Professor of History and Area Studies, Philadelphia University Tel: 215-951-6279, ShainR@philau.edu

Abstract

This article explores why, despite its diminished popularity, Afro-Cuban music remains among the most performed musics in Senegalese music clubs. Since the Second World War, many Senegalese have associated Afro-Cuban music with cosmopolitanism and modernity. In particular, Senegalese who came of age during the Independence era associate Latin music with a new model of sociability that emphasized ‘correct’ behaviour – elegant attire and self-discipline. Participating in an emerging ‘café society’ was especially important. The rise of m'balax music in the late 1970s, deemed more culturally ‘authentic’ by a younger generation coming into its own, challenged many of the values associated with Senegalese salsa. As an enlarged Senegalese public embraced m'balax, the older generation stopped going out to Dakar's nightclubs where they felt increasingly uncomfortable. However, the model of sociability this generation has championed calls for public displays of distinction and refinement. In fin-de-siècle Dakar, a number of venues emerged where Afro-Cuban music is played and powerful older Dakarois congregate, even if less frequently than formally. This article describes these venues and documents their patrons and the performances that take place there.

Cet article explore pourquoi la musique afrocubaine, malgré sa baisse de popularité, reste l'une des musiques les plus jouées dans les clubs de musique sénégalais. Depuis la seconde guerre mondiale, de nombreux Sénégalais associent la musique afrocubaine au cosmopolitanisme et à la modernité. En particulier, les Sénégalais qui ont atteint leur majorité pendant la période de l'Indépendance associent la musique latine à un nouveau modèle de sociabilité qui mettait l'accent sur le «bon» comportement (tenue élégante et autodiscipline). Il était particulièrement important de participer à une «café society» émergente. L'essor de la musique m'balax à la fin des années 1970, considérée plus «authentique» culturellement par une jeune génération en devenir, a remis en cause beaucoup des valeurs associées à la salsa sénégalaise. Sous l'effet de la popularité croissante du m'balax au Sénégal, la génération plus ancienne a cessé d'aller dans les clubs de Dakar, s'y sentant de moins en moins à l'aise. Cependant, le modèle de sociabilité prôné par cette génération exige de faire montre de distinction et de raffinement en public. Le Dakar de cette fin de siècle a vu émerger des lieux où l'on joue de la musique afrocubaine et où les Dakarois de pouvoir plus âgés se rassemblent, même si plus rarement que d'avant. Cet article décrit ces lieux, leur clientèle et la musique qui s'y joue.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 2009

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References

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