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Biology and culture of the clown loach Chromobotia macracanthus (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) : 3- Ontogeny, ecological and aquacultural implications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2012

Etienne Baras ,
Jacques Slembrouck ,
Agus Priyadi ,
Darti Satyani ,
Laurent Pouyaud  and
Marc Legendre
Etienne Baras*
Affiliation:
IRD, UMR 226 – ISEM, 34196 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
Jacques Slembrouck
Affiliation:
IRD, UMR 226 – ISEM, 34196 Montpellier Cedex 05, France Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Ikan Hias (BP2BIH), jl. Perikanan No. 13, 41152 Depok, Indonesia
Agus Priyadi
Affiliation:
Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Ikan Hias (BP2BIH), jl. Perikanan No. 13, 41152 Depok, Indonesia
Darti Satyani
Affiliation:
Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Ikan Hias (BP2BIH), jl. Perikanan No. 13, 41152 Depok, Indonesia
Laurent Pouyaud
Affiliation:
IRD, UMR 226 – ISEM, 34196 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
Marc Legendre
Affiliation:
IRD, UMR 226 – ISEM, 34196 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
*
a Corresponding author: etienne.baras@ird.fr
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Abstract

Hatchlings of clown loach (3.8 mm in total length, TL) are pelagic. When reared at 26−28 °C, they become benthic 3 days after hatching (dah), when their swim bladder is inflated. The fin development sequence (pectorals  <  caudal  <  dorsal  =  anal  <  pelvic) is typical of the clade Ostariophysi. All fins and finrays are fully elongated at 20 mm TL, but the finfold persists until 25 − 26 mm TL (start of juvenile stage). Melanophores appear at 3 dah, they form a 5-bar pattern at 5 dah, then two bars (III and V) vanish progressively, producing at 26 mm TL the 3-bar pattern that is typical of adults. Throughout the ontogeny, the pigment pattern exhibits a structural regularity (bars spaced at regular intervals), which is interpreted in a functional perspective by reference to the maintaining of crypsis and signalling throughout. Exogenous feeding commences at 4 dah (5.5 mm TL). Food intake (FI) increases rapidly, from 6% wet body mass (WM) at 5.5 mm TL to  >20% WM in fish  > 7 mm TL. Gut evacuation rate (Rg) increases with increasing meal size and fish size, as a result of gut coiling (from 8 to 15 mm TL), and is highest at 11 mm TL (about 10% WM h-1 in fish feeding maximally). The allometric increase of FI and Rg during the early larval stages is accompanied by increasing capacities for growth, so early sizes differences amplify rapidly during the ontogeny. Nevertheless, growth remains slow (mean of 0.4 mm TL day-1 from 4 to 29 dah; 0.9 mm TL day-1 for top growers). By contrast, unfed fish display long resistance to starvation (until 14−15 dah). The combination of slow growth and long resistance to starvation is discussed in respect to the reproductive phenology of the species, as the capacity of making metabolic economies prevails over fast growth for seasonal strategists spawning mainly at the start of the rainy season.

Keywords

Tropical freshwater fishOrnamental fishClown loachAquacultureOntogenyPigmentationGrowthFood intake
Type
Research Article
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , April 2012 , pp. 119 - 130
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2012

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