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Long-chain n-3 PUFA given before and throughout gestation and lactation in rats prevent high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in male offspring in a tissue-specific manner

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2023

Nathalie Guriec ,
Christelle Le Foll  and
Jacques Delarue Open the ORCID record for Jacques Delarue [Opens in a new window]
Nathalie Guriec
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brest, France
Christelle Le Foll
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brest, France
Jacques Delarue*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brest, France ER 7479 SPURBO, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brest, France
*
*Corresponding author: Jacques Delarue, email jacques.delarue@univ-brest.fr
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Abstract

This study investigated whether long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA) given to pregnant rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet may prevent fetal programming in male offspring at adulthood. Six weeks before mating, and throughout gestation and lactation, female nulliparous Sprague–Dawley rats were given a chow (C) diet, HF (60·6 % fat from maize, rapeseed oils and lard) or HF in which one-third of fat was replaced by fish oil (HF n-3). At weaning, the three offspring groups were randomly separated in two groups fed C diet, or HF without LC n-3 PUFA, for 7 weeks until adulthood. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test both at weaning and at adulthood. Insulin signalling was determined in liver, muscle and adipose tissue by quantification of the phosphorylation of Akt on Ser 473 at adulthood. At weaning, as at adulthood, offspring from HF-fed dams were obese and displayed glucose intolerance (GI) and insulin resistance (IR), but not those from HFn-3 fed dams. Following the post-weaning C diet, phosphorylation of Akt was strongly reduced in all tissues of offspring from HF dams, but to a lesser extent in liver and muscle of offspring from HFn-3 dams. However, it was abolished in all tissues of all offspring groups fed the HF post-weaning diet. Thus, LC n-3 PUFA introduced in a HF in dams partially prevented the transmission of GI and IR in adult offspring even though they were fed without LC n-3 PUFA from weaning.

Keywords

EPA/DHAFetal programmingNutritionInsulin resistancen-3 fatty acidsHigh-fat diet
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 130 , Issue 7 , 14 October 2023 , pp. 1121 - 1136
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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Footnotes

†

Present address: Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.

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