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IMPACT OF FEEDING BY LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALS (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE) ON THE MAJOR STORAGE RESERVES OF MATURE DOUGLAS-FIR (PINACEAE) SEEDS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Sarah L. Bates ,
John H. Borden ,
Anne Savoie ,
Suzanne E. Blatt ,
Cameron G. Lait ,
Allison R. Kermode  and
Robb G. Bennett
Sarah L. Bates
Affiliation:
Centre for Environmental Biology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
John H. Borden*
Affiliation:
Centre for Environmental Biology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
Anne Savoie
Affiliation:
Centre for Environmental Biology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
Suzanne E. Blatt
Affiliation:
Centre for Environmental Biology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
Cameron G. Lait
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
Allison R. Kermode
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
Robb G. Bennett
Affiliation:
Seed Pest Management, B.C. Forest Service, 7380 Puckle Road, R.R. 3, Saanichton, British Columbia, Canada V8M 1W4
*
1 Author to whom all corresponding should be addressed (E-mail: borden@sfu.ca).
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Abstract

In laboratory experiments adults and nymphs of the western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, were allowed to feed on mature seeds of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco. Weight-loss measurements and scanning electron microscopy provided strong supporting evidence for the use of simple radiographic diagnosis as a method of classifying feeding damage to seeds into four categories: light (greater than two thirds of seed contents remaining), moderate (one third to two thirds of seed contents remaining), severe (less than one third of seed contents remaining), and extreme (seed empty). Scanning electron micrographs showed the apparent depletion of lipid and protein storage reserves which was verified by quantitative analyses that showed significant loss of lipid and buffer-insoluble (crystalloid) storage protein from seeds in all damage categories. The amount of buffer-soluble (matrix) protein was reduced in seeds from the severe and extreme damage categories. The increase in buffer-soluble protein observed in lightly damaged seeds was likely due to the solubilization of crystalloid storage protein, as a result of its breakdown into smaller peptides. Our results suggest that through the action of both lipases and proteases, L. occidentalis can have a serious impact on the major storage reserves of conifer seeds. Moreover, our data suggest that L. occidentalis feeds in a different manner than the laceration and flushing method found in other seed-feeding Hemiptera.

Résumé

Au cours d’expériences en laboratoire, nous avons mis des adultes et des nymphes de la punaise Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Hemiptera : Coreidae) en présence de graines à maturité du Sapin de Douglas, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco. Les résultats de pesées et l’utilisation du microscope électronique à balayage ont démontré que de simples radiographies suffisent à évaluer les dommages causés aux graines et à classer ces dommages en quatre catégories : léger (plus de deux tiers du contenu intact), modéré (un à deux tiers du contenu intact), grave (moins d’un tier du contenu intact) et extrême (graine vidée de son contenu). Les micrographies au microscope électronique à balayage ont permis de constater la diminution des réserves de lipides et de protéines, ce qui a pu être vérifié par des analyses quantitatives qui ont mis en évidence la perte significative des lipides et des protéines de réserve insolubles dans un tampon (cristal loïdes) dans toutes les graines endommagées. La quantité de protéines solubles dans un tampon (matrice) étaii réduite dans les graines des catégories à dommages graves ou extrêmes. L’augmentation des protéines solubles observée dans les graines légèrement endommagées est probablement attribuable à la solubilisaiion des protéines cristalloïdes de réserve qui se divisent en peptides plus petits. Nos résultats semblent indiquer que L. occidentalis, par l’action de ses lipases et protéases, peut avoir un impact important sur les principales réserves nutritives des graines de conifères. Nos données indiquent en outre que L. occidentalis utilise un mode d’alimentation particulier, différent de la méthode de lacération/vidange utilisée par d’autres hémiptères granivores.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 132 , Issue 1 , February 2000 , pp. 91 - 102
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2000

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