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Infective endocarditis in a cohort of adult CHD patients

Part of: Infectious

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 March 2022

Tânia B. Mano Open the ORCID record for Tânia B. Mano [Opens in a new window] ,
Isabel Cardoso ,
Pedro O. Costa ,
Tiago Rito Open the ORCID record for Tiago Rito [Opens in a new window] ,
Luísa Branco ,
Ana Agapito ,
Rui Rodrigues ,
Fátima Pinto ,
José Fragata  and
Rui C. Ferreira
...Show all authors
Tânia B. Mano*
Affiliation:
Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
Isabel Cardoso
Affiliation:
Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
Pedro O. Costa
Affiliation:
Paediatric Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
Tiago Rito
Affiliation:
Paediatric Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
Luísa Branco
Affiliation:
Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
Ana Agapito
Affiliation:
Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
Rui Rodrigues
Affiliation:
Cardiac Surgery Department, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
Fátima Pinto
Affiliation:
Paediatric Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
José Fragata
Affiliation:
Cardiac Surgery Department, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
Rui C. Ferreira
Affiliation:
Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
Lídia de Sousa
Affiliation:
Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
*
Author for correspondence: T. B. Mano, MD, Cardiology Department, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, R. DE Santa Marta 50, 1169-024, Lisbon, Portugal. Tel: +35121 359 4000. E-mail: taniabmano@gmail.com
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Abstract

Background:

CHD increases the risk of infective endocarditis due to the substrate of prosthetic materials and residual lesions. However, lesion-specific and mortality risks data are lacking. We sought to analyse clinical course and mortality of infective endocarditis in a cohort of adult CHD.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of all cases of proven and probable infective endocarditis (Duke’s criteria) followed in our adult CHD clinic between 1970 and August, 2021. Epidemiological, clinical and imaging data were analysed. Predictors of surgical treatment and mortality were assessed using regression analysis.

Results:

During a mean follow-up of 15.8 ± 10.9 years, 96 patients had 105 infective endocarditis episodes, half with previous cardiac surgery (corrective or palliative). The most frequent diagnoses were: ventricular septal defect, bicuspid aortic valve, Tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia. The site of infection was identified by echocardiography in 82 episodes (91%), most frequently in aortic (n = 27), tricuspid (n = 15), and mitral (n = 13) valves. Blood cultures were positive in 79% of cases, being streptococci (n = 29) and staphylococci (n = 23) the predominant pathogens. Surgery was necessary in 40% and the in-hospital mortality was 10.5%, associated with heart failure (p < 0.001; OR 13.5) and a non-surgical approach (p = 0.003; OR 5.06).

Conclusions:

In an adult CHD cohort, infective endocarditis was more frequent in patients with ventricular septal defect and bicuspid aortic valves, which contradicts the current guidelines that excludes them from prophylaxis. Surgical treatment is often required and mortality remains substantial. Prevention of this serious complication should be one of the major tasks in the care of adults with CHD.

Keywords

Infective endocarditisadult CHDventricular septal defectbicuspid aortic valves
Type
Original Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 33 , Issue 2 , February 2023 , pp. 190 - 195
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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