Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-hfldf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-01T01:05:29.854Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pretreatment of Soils and Clays for Measurement of External Surface Area by Glycerol Retention

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Earl B. Kinter  and
Sidney Diamond
Earl B. Kinter
Affiliation:
Division of Physical Research, Bureau of Public Roads, Washington, D.C., USA
Sidney Diamond
Affiliation:
Division of Physical Research, Bureau of Public Roads, Washington, D.C., USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Heat treatment at 600°C has been the usual procedure for irreversible collapse of expanding clay minerals prior to determination of the external surface area of clays and soils by glycerol retention. Evidence is presented showing that this treatment is unsuitable since it greatly reduces the external surface area of certain minerals and increases that of others. Saturation with the triethylammonium cation avoids these difficulties and produces an effect analogous to the collapse of expanding minerals by stabilizing their basal spacing at 13.3 Å. This prevents the entrance of glycerol between the unit layers and confines the sorption to the external surfaces of the particles.

Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) , Volume 7 , February 1958 , pp. 125 - 134
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 1958

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brooks, C. S. (1955) Nitrogen adsorption experiments on several clay minerals: Soil Sci., v. 79, pp. 331–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, Sidney and Kinter, E. B. (1958) Surface areas of clay minerals as derived from measurements of glycerol retention: in Clays and Clay Minerals, Natl. Acad. Sci.—Natl. Res. Council, pub. 566, pp. 334–347.Google Scholar
Dyal, R. S. and Hendricks, S. B. (1950) Total surface of clays in polar liquids as a characteristic index: Soil Sci., v. 69, pp. 421–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fieldes, M. (1955) Clay mineralogy of New Zealand soils. II. Allophane and related mineral colloids: New Zealand J. Sci. Technol., v. 37, pp. 336–350.Google Scholar
Greene-Kelly, R. (1956) The swelling of organophilic montmorillonites in liquids: J. Coll. Sci., v. 11, pp. 77–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregg, S. J. and Hill, K. J. (1953) The production of active solids by thermal decomposition. II. Ferric oxide: J. Chem. Soc., pp. 3945–3950.Google Scholar
Gregg, S. J. and Packer, R. K. (1954) The production of active solids by thermal decomposition. IV. Vermiculite: J. Chem. Soc., pp. 3887–3892.Google Scholar
Gregg, S. J. and Stephens, M. J. (1953) The production of active solids by thermal decomposition. III. The calcination of kaolinite: J. Chem. Soc., pp. 3951–3956.Google Scholar
Grim, R. E. (1953) Clay Mineralogy: McGraw-Hill, New York, 384 pp.Google Scholar
Kinter, E. B. and Diamond, Sidney (1958) Gravimetric determination of monolayer glycerol complexes of clay minerals: in Clays and Clay Minerals, Natl. Acad. Sci.— Natl. Res. Council, pub. 566, pp. 318–333.Google Scholar
Lopez-Gonzalez, J. de D. and Deitz, V. R. (1952) Surface changes in an original and activated bentonite: J. Research, Nat. Bur. Standards, v. 48, pp. 325–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarter, W. S., Krieger, K. A. and Heinemann, E. (1950) Thermal activation of Attapulgus clay: Industr. Engng. Chem., v. 42, pp. 529–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orchiston, H. D. (1954) Adsorption of water vapor. II. Clays at 25°C: Soil Sci., v. 78, pp. 452–480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, A. S. and Cochran, C. N. (1950) Surface areas of heated aluminum hydrates: Industr. Engng. Chem., v. 42, pp. 1336–1340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar