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Behavior of Smectite in Strong Salt Brines under Conditions Relevant to the Disposal of Low- to Medium-Grade Nuclear Waste

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Heiko Hofmann ,
Andreas Bauer  and
Laurence N. Warr
Heiko Hofmann
Affiliation:
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, INF 234, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Andreas Bauer
Affiliation:
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
Laurence N. Warr
Affiliation:
Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, INF 234, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract

Two industrial bentonites, IBECO SEAL-80 and TIXOTON TE, have been proposed as potential backfill material in the German Asse salt dome, a test field for the disposal of low- to medium-grade active nuclear waste. Considering the unlikely but possible case of a barrier breakdown with infiltration of a highly concentrated salt brine, the physicochemical stability and material behavior of these bentonites in a saturated salt brine (predominantly MgCl2) at 25°C were studied over the time period of 150 days. The results show that no mineral transformations occurred throughout the duration of the experiments and minor dissolution was only active during the first days. Some chemical properties, namely sorption capability and swelling, were reduced during contact with the salt brine, but could be reversed by removing the salt after treatment. Despite restriction of the CEC in the presence of salt solution, interlayer cation exchange reactions are still active in this environment. The long-term chemical stability of smectite in salt brine is predicted under these low-temperature conditions, but the increased permeability during aggregate formation could lead to physical breakdown of the backfill component.

Keywords

Cation Exchange CapacityLayer ChargeNuclear WasteSalt BrineSmectite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 52 , Issue 1 , February 2004 , pp. 14 - 24
Copyright
Copyright © 2004, The Clay Minerals Society

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