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The Effect of Microbial Fe(III) Reduction on Smectite Flocculation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Jin-Wook Kim ,
Yoko Furukawa ,
Hailiang Dong  and
Steven W. Newell
Jin-Wook Kim*
Affiliation:
Naval Research Laboratory, Seafloor Sciences Branch, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA
Yoko Furukawa
Affiliation:
Naval Research Laboratory, Seafloor Sciences Branch, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA
Hailiang Dong
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
Steven W. Newell
Affiliation:
Naval Research Laboratory, Seafloor Sciences Branch, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: jkim@nrlssc.navy.mil
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Abstract

This study was undertaken to investigate the changes in flocculation properties of Fe-rich smectite (nontronite, NAu-1) suspensions, including settling velocity, aggregate size and floc architecture associated with microbial Fe(III)-reduction in the smectite structure. The dissimilatory Fe-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was incubated with lactate as the electron donor and structural Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor for 3, 12, 24 and 48 h in an anaerobic chamber. Two controls were prepared; the first was identical to the experimental treatments except that heat-killed cells were used (non-reduced control), and the second control was the same as the first except that the incubation was carried out in an aerobic environment. The extent of Fe(III) reduction for the 48 h incubation was observed to reach up to 18%. Neither the non-reduced control nor the aerobically inoculated sample showed Fe(III) reduction. Compared with the non-reduced control, there was a 2.7 μm increase in mean aggregate size and a 30-fold increase in average settling velocity in the bioreduced smectite suspensions as measured using a Micromeritics Sedigraph®. The aerobically inoculated smectite showed a similar aggregate-size distribution to that of the non-reduced control. Significant changes in physical properties of smectite suspensions induced by microbial Fe(III) reduction were measured directly using transmission electron microscopy. The floc architecture of bioreduced smectite revealed less open structures compared to those of a non-reduced control. The aspect ratio (thickness/length) of individual smectite particle increased from 0.11 for the non-reduced control to 0.18 on average for the bioreduced smectite suspensions. The effects of pH on the clay flocculation were minimal in this study because the value of pH remained nearly constant at pH = 7.0–7.3 before and after the experiments. We therefore suggest that the increase in net negative charge caused by microbial Fe(III) reduction significantly promoted clay flocculation by increasing the electrochemical attraction in the smectite suspensions.

Keywords

Fe(III) ReductionFlocculationMicromeritics Sedigraph®Nontronite (NAu-1)Shewanella oneidensis MR-1SmectiteTransmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 53 , Issue 6 , December 2005 , pp. 572 - 579
Copyright
Copyright © 2005, The Clay Minerals Society

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