To assess executive functions (EFs) in patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) compared with healthy controls.

Adults diagnosed with BDD (n = 26) or OCD (n = 29) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and healthy controls (n = 28) underwent validated and computerized neuropsychological tests, spatial working memory (SWM), intra–extra-dimensional set shifting (IED), and stop signal task (SST), from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Test performance was compared between groups, and correlated with standardized symptom severity of BDD and OCD. Significance level was set to P < .05.

There were no statistically significant between-group differences on key outcome measures in SWM, IED, or SST. There was a weak positive correlation between symptom severity and test errors on SWM and IED in both OCD and BDD groups; increased clinical severity was associated with more errors in these tests. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between symptom severity and SST in the BDD group.

Patients with BDD or OCD did not differ from healthy control subjects in terms of test performance; however, there were several statistically significant correlations between symptom severity and performance in those with BDD or OCD. More studies on EFs in BDD and OCD are required to elucidate if there are differences in EFs between these two disorders.

Senile asthenia is an old-age syndrome. Patients have increased vulnerability due to degenerative changes in the body and a variety of chronic diseases. Senile asthenia involves multiple bodily system functions of patients and is a pre-disease state. Its incidence shows an upward trend with the increase in the age. This study takes community health service as the breakthrough point to explore the role of community legal awareness health management in improving the cognitive function of elderly frail patients, hoping to provide references for improving the health level of elderly frail patients.

660 elderly patients who were hospitalized at our hospital from June to December 2021 were selected as the study objects and were randomly divided into the management intervention group and the general group, with 30 cases each. Both groups of patients were given basic disease treatment and in-hospital rehabilitation guidance, while the management intervention group increased community legal awareness of health management services at community health service stations. The cognitive function of patients was evaluated by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The senile weakness, cognitive function score, and quality of life of the two groups of patients were compared and analyzed.

It can be seen from the comparison of the cognitive function scores of the two groups of patients that the cognitive function level of the management intervention group is significantly higher than that of the conventional group. The cognitive function score of the management intervention group after treatment is 26.46±2.39 points, and that of the conventional group after treatment is 23.58±2.41 points. The difference between the two groups is statistically significant (P < 0.05). As shown in Table 1.Table 1.

MMSE scores of two groups of patients before and after treatment

Carrying out community legal awareness health management services can effectively improve the cognitive function level of the elderly and weak patients, and promote the improvement of the quality of life of the elderly and weak patients. Publicizing legal awareness to the elderly and weak patients and carrying out community health and health management services can help the elderly and weak patients solve their life problems in time. Legal awareness management education with disease prevention and health education can promote cognitive function training and improvement of the elderly and weak patients.

There are currently at least 50 million dementia patients worldwide, and this number is expected to reach 152 million by 2050, of which about 60-70% will be Alzheimer’s patients. The companion robot based on deep learning is a product of the development of artificial intelligence technology, which is of great significance to the physical and mental health of the elderly, so it is used in the research on the treatment of Alzheimer’s patients.

100 patients with Alzheimer’s disease in a hospital were selected for the study, and 50 patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. In the experiment, 50 patients with Alzheimer in the experimental group used a companion robot based on deep learning for auxiliary treatment while carrying out daily treatment. The control group of 50 patients did not receive any adjuvant therapy in addition to daily treatment. After three months of treatment, the study used the 3D-CAM and the mini–mental state examination (MMSE) to collect the treatment status of all patients, and used the SPSS23.0 statistical software to statistically analyze the collected data.

After statistical analysis, the results of the two groups were obtained. The scores of 3D-CAM and MMSE in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group and the difference was statistically significant.

Companion robots based on deep learning are helpful in the treatment of Alzheimer’s patients. They can improve the therapeutic effect and have certain social value.

The Fundamental Research Funds in Heilongjiang Provincial Universities (No.135309356); Qiqihar University Young Teachers’ Scientific Research Initiation Support Program (No.2012k-M17).

The concurrent incidence of autoimmune comorbidities in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is known. However, the association between OCD and related autoimmune skin diseases (ASDs) has not been well studied.

This study aimed to investigate the association between OCD and the risk of ASDs.

To assess the risk of developing ASDs, we recruited 44 324 patients with OCD and 177 296 matched controls from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. A Cox regression model was used for the analyses.

After adjusting for confounders, an increased risk of ASDs among the patients with OCD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 6.36; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.43-7.45) was found when compared to the controls. Statistically significant associations were found between OCD and seven individual ASDs, including psoriasis (aHR: 12.52; 95% CI: 8.78-17.85), lichen planus (aHR: 27.22; 95% CI: 13.09-56.60), alopecia areata (aHR: 13.69; 95% CI: 9.38-19.98), autoimmune bullous diseases (aHR: 4.30; 95% CI: 2.03-9.11), hidradenitis suppurativa (aHR: 29.95; 95% CI: 3.35-267.62), vitiligo (aHR: 9.35; 95% CI: 5.35-16.32), and lupus erythematosus (aHR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.52-2.91).

Patients with OCD had an increased risk of developing ASDs compared to matched controls. Further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms.

Sports is one of the most traditional health rehabilitation programs in China. With wide applicability and low side effects, it plays a very good role in strengthening the body. In sports theory and practice, professional physical fitness training content can effectively inhibit the occurrence of corresponding diseases and has a good preventive effect on some diseases. Therefore, the regulating effect of physical training on human autonomic nervous function is evaluated through special sports training. The relationship between physical training and the human body and mind is verified through the sports professional training test, which provides effective support for the promotion and application of sports health therapy in the medical field.

160 students majoring in physical education in a sports college were selected as the research objects of this experiment. The physical functions of the experimental subjects were healthy, and the purpose and method of the experiment were clarified. The students were divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 80 students each. The autonomic nervous function of the experimental subjects was tested by the Japanese postural blood pressure reflex method, and the test was evaluated by the Japanese physiologist pig feeder’s neuromodulation method. The students in the experimental group had more than 8 hours of physical training every week, while the students in the control group were not allowed to do any physical training during the test time. The experimental period is half a year, and the parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, lying-sitting blood pressure, heart rate, and other parameters of the experimental subjects are tested and recorded. All data in the experiment were statistically analyzed by Excel2016, and the data chi-square test value was calculated.

The data in Table 1 are the detection results of the autonomic nerve function characteristics of the two groups of people during exercise. The autonomic nervous system is the basic motor nerve unit of the human viscera. Its function is to regulate the secretion of internal organs and effectively maintain the blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration of the human body. The experimental group participating in the special sports training was significantly shorter than the control group in the recovery time of exercise center rate, respiration stabilization time, and blood pressure stabilization time (P < 0.05).Table 1.

Shows the detection results of autonomic nerve function characteristics during exercise in the two groups

Physical exercise is of great significance to the healthy development of people’s physical and mental health. Long-term professional sports training can effectively improve people’s various physical functions and ensure that people have a strong mental state. In the experimental test, the autonomic nerves of the students in the professionally trained experimental group were effectively regulated, and the recovery time of each functional test was shorter than that of the control group.

Stroke is a common neurological disease, the main pathological feature of which is cerebral ischemia or bleeding caused by sudden blockage or rupture of cerebral vessels. Impaired upper limb motor control after stroke severely affects patients’ quality of life and ability to perform daily activities. Traditional rehabilitation methods mainly rely on physical therapy and drug therapy, but there are limited effects.

It is to explore the clinical effect of motor imagery therapy in the study of upper limb motor control after stroke. Fifty patients with stroke and the influence of upper limb movement were selected as experimental subjects, 25 as an experimental group and 25 as a control group. The experimental group received six months of rehabilitation training using motor imagery therapy, and the control group received six months of rehabilitation training using traditional drug alteplase.

The experimental results were evaluated by SPSS23.0 system. P<0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant, and the upper limb motor function and muscle strength of 20 patients in the experimental group were significantly improved after half a year, More than 80 percent have recovered, with significant differences (P<0.05).

After the motor imagination therapy is integrated into stroke patients, it can promote the reorganization of brain nerves, enhance the motor memory of muscles, improve the patients’ attention and concentration on sports, and help them recover the motor function of the upper limbs.

2021 Shanghai Society of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Community Medicine and Health Management Research Project (No. 2021-117); 2022 Shanghai Jing’an District Medical Research Fund Project (No. 2022QT05).

Poor mental health is a state of psychological distress that is influenced by lifestyle factors such as sleep, diet, and physical activity. Compulsivity is a transdiagnostic phenotype cutting across a range of mental illnesses including obsessive–compulsive disorder, substance-related and addictive disorders, and is also influenced by lifestyle. Yet, how lifestyle relates to compulsivity is presently unknown, but important to understand to gain insights into individual differences in mental health. We assessed (a) the relationships between compulsivity and diet quality, sleep quality, and physical activity, and (b) whether psychological distress statistically contributes to these relationships.

We collected harmonized data on compulsivity, psychological distress, and lifestyle from two independent samples (Australian n = 880 and US n = 829). We used mediation analyses to investigate bidirectional relationships between compulsivity and lifestyle factors, and the role of psychological distress.

Higher compulsivity was significantly related to poorer diet and sleep. Psychological distress statistically mediated the relationship between poorer sleep quality and higher compulsivity, and partially statistically mediated the relationship between poorer diet and higher compulsivity.

Lifestyle interventions in compulsivity may target psychological distress in the first instance, followed by sleep and diet quality. As psychological distress links aspects of lifestyle and compulsivity, focusing on mitigating and managing distress may offer a useful therapeutic approach to improve physical and mental health. Future research may focus on the specific sleep and diet patterns which may alter compulsivity over time to inform lifestyle targets for prevention and treatment of functionally impairing compulsive behaviors.

There is a burgeoning body of evidence suggesting that arginine vasopressin (AVP) acts as a neuromodulator of the stress response. AVP stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone, synergistic to corticotropin-releasing hormone, which might explain AVP’s role in resilience. Personal hardiness is the bedrock of resilience. Numerous studies have demonstrated elevated plasma levels of AVP in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), suggesting an etiopathogenetic role as well as a novel therapeutic target.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between AVP and resilience in patients with MDD and to determine AVP levels in serum of patients with MDD.

Forty patients with MDD and 40 healthy control subjects were studied using the Dispositional Resilience (Hardiness) Scale by Barton, the Quality of Life Scale, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Biochemical analysis of plasma levels of AVP, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was performed for all participants.

Levels of AVP were statistically significantly elevated in patients with MDD compared with healthy controls. Psychological hardiness was decreased in patients with MDD compared with healthy controls, a finding also statistically significant. There was a negative correlation between plasma AVP level and psychological hardiness.

AVP and psychological hardiness are negatively correlated, reflecting lower stress resilience. AVP levels are indeed higher in patients struggling with MDD.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common and disabling mental health disorder and has detrimental effects on affected individuals across multiple domains. We aimed to investigate whether individuals with BPD differ from control subjects in terms of cognitive functions, and to see if there is a relationship between cognitive functions, impulsivity, and BPD symptom severity.

BPD individuals (n = 26; mean age = 26.7; 69.2% female) and controls (n = 58; mean age = 25.3; 51.7% female) were enrolled. Intra/Extra-Dimensional Set Shift (IED) and One Touch Stockings of Cambridge (OTS) tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) were used to assess cognitive functions. Barratt Impulsivity Scale-version 11 (BIS−11) was administered to measure impulsivity and both the Zanarini Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder self-report and the clinician-administered versions were used to assess BPD symptom severity.

BPD group showed significantly impaired cognitive performance on the IED task versus controls, but there was not a significant difference in the OTS task. BPD symptom severity was positively correlated with trait (BIS-11) impulsivity and no correlation was found between BPD symptom severity and cognitive functions.

This study suggests people with BPD experience impaired cognitive flexibility and heightened impulsivity. Only impulsivity appeared to be directly related to symptom severity, perhaps indicating that cognitive inflexibility could be a vulnerability marker. Future research should focus on a longitudinal approach to extend clinical and theoretical knowledge in this area.

Anxiety, tension, sadness, anger, and other emotions are collectively referred to as negative emotions, which can bring negative emotional experiences, make the body feel uncomfortable, and even affect normal work and life. At present, the proportion of college students suffering from negative emotions is relatively high, which has become a focus of the society. Negative emotions can lead to problems such as memory deterioration and attention impairment. Based on the characteristics of (Electro-EncephaloGram) EEG signals, the study analyzed the improvement effect of music neurofeedback training on college students’ negative emotion and attention state.

This research reaches a cooperation with a well-known university in China, and randomly selects 250 students from the School of Electrical Engineering of the university. Then, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) was used for evaluation, and 60 students with PANAS scores of more than 20 were selected as experimental subjects. Then 50 students were divided into two groups, namely, the test group and the control group, with 40 students in the experimental group and 10 students in the control group. Among them, the experimental group includes 20 people in the music stimulation group and 20 people in the nerve feedback group. The music stimulation group and nerve feedback training group were stimulated for 5 minutes each time, and then took a rest for 2 minutes. After resting twice, EEG signals were collected for 2 minutes. The test period was 2 weeks. The control group did not receive any stimulation or training, and the EEG signal acquisition method and time were consistent with the experimental group. At the end of the test cycle, the PANAS scale is used again for evaluation.

Table 1 shows the change of PANAS (negative) scores of the two groups of college students before and after the test. The results showed that the PANAS scores of students in the experimental group under nerve feedback and music stimulation decreased significantly after the experiment, and the difference before and after the experiment was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The PANAS score of the control group decreased, but the change was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

On the basis of analyzing the resting EEG signals of nerve feedback training and music stimulation, it is combined with the relative power and continuous coherence analysis method. The intervention effect of music neurofeedback training on college students’ negative emotion and attention state was studied from the aspects of EEG signal and scale evaluation with the help of self-measurement scale. The results showed that the negative emotions of college students under the stimulation of nerve feedback and music were significantly relieved compared with those before the intervention, indicating that this method is an effective tool to regulate negative emotions and cognitive attention, and has certain clinical application value.Table 1.

The change of PANAS (negative) scores of the two groups of college students before and after the experiment

Studies investigating obsessive-compulsive disorder from an ethological approach have highlighted a specific motor pattern of compulsive rituals with respect to corresponding ordinary behaviors. Particularly, compulsive motor profile is built through the repetition of acts, with prevalence of nonfunctional ones and redirection of attention to its basic structural units. These formal features would characterize ritual behavior throughout evolution, from nonhuman animals to human cultures. However, no study to date has investigated a possible relationship between such motor profile and underlying psychopathology. Therefore, the first objective of the study was to confirm previous findings on a larger sample size of obsessive patients; the second objective was to elucidate whether motor profile might be associated with obsessive-compulsive psychopathology and/or prepsychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.

Twenty-one obsessive-compulsive outpatients provided a videotape of their rituals. An equal number of healthy controls, matched for sex and age, were registered for corresponding ordinary acts. Obsessive patients were administered the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and the Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire.

The results of the present study confirm that ritual compulsions present a specific motor structure characterized by repetition of both functional and nonfunctional acts and their longer duration. Such a motor pattern is independent from obsessive-compulsive psychopathology, whereas it results specifically associated with prepsychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.

We argue that this association may reflect the adaptive significance of ritual behavior across evolution, that is, its homeostatic function in conditions of unpredictability.

The endogenous opioid system affects metabolism, including weight regulation. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies provides a rationale for targeting this system to mitigate weight-related side effects of antipsychotics. This review describes the role of the opioid system in regulating weight and metabolism, examines the effects of opioid receptor antagonism on those functions, and explores the use of opioid antagonists to mitigate antipsychotic-associated weight gain and/or metabolic effects.

A PubMed literature search was conducted to identify representative opioid antagonists and associated preclinical and clinical studies examining their potential for the regulation of weight and metabolism.

The mu opioid receptor (MOR), delta opioid receptor (DOR), and kappa opioid receptor (KOR) types have overlapping but distinct patterns of central and peripheral expression, and each contributes to the regulation of body weight and metabolism. Three representative opioid antagonists (eg, naltrexone, samidorphan, and LY255582) were identified for illustration. These opioid antagonists differed in their receptor binding and pharmacokinetic profiles, including oral bioavailability, systemic clearance, and half-life, and were associated with varying effects on food intake, energy utilization, and metabolic dysregulation.

Preclinical and clinical data suggest that antagonism of the endogenous opioid system is a mechanism to address antipsychotic-associated weight gain and metabolic dysregulation. However, evidence suggests that the differing roles of MOR, DOR, and KOR in metabolism, together with the differences in receptor binding, pharmacokinetic, and functional activity profiles of the opioid receptor antagonists discussed in this review, likely contribute to their differential pharmacodynamic effects and clinical outcomes observed regarding antipsychotic-associated weight gain.