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Mutual synergies between reactive and active inhibitory systems of temperament in the development of children's disruptive behavior: Two longitudinal studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 December 2020

Danming An Open the ORCID record for Danming An [Opens in a new window]  and
Grazyna Kochanska
Danming An*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Grazyna Kochanska
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Danming An, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Ave, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1407; E-mail: danming-an@uiowa.edu.
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Abstract

Individual differences in two inhibitory temperament systems have been implicated as key in the development of early disruptive behaviors. The reactive inhibition system, behavioral inhibition (BI) entails fearfulness, shyness, timidity, and caution. The active inhibition system, or effortful control (EC) entails a capacity to deliberately suppress, modify, or regulate a predominant behavior. Lower scores in each system have been associated with more disruptive behaviors. We examined how the two systems interact, and whether one can alleviate or exacerbate risks due to the other. In two community samples (Study 1, N = 112, ages 2.5 to 4, and Study 2, N = 102, ages 2 to 6.5), we assessed early BI and EC, and future disruptive behaviors (observed disregard for rules in Study 1 and parent-rated externalizing problems in Study 2). Robustly replicated interactions revealed that for children with low BI (relatively fearless), better EC was associated with less disruptive behavior; for children with low EC, more BI was associated with less disruptive behavior. This research extends the investigation of Temperament × Temperament interactions in developmental psychology and psychopathology, and it suggests that reactive and active inhibition systems may play mutually compensatory roles. Those effects emerged after age 2.

Keywords

behavioral inhibitiondisruptive behavioreffortful controlexternalizing problemslongitudinal studiestemperament
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 34 , Issue 3 , August 2022 , pp. 796 - 809
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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