Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-m9kch Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-01T07:51:20.430Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prevalence of peritonitis-associated coagulase-negative staphylococci on the skin of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

M. A. Beard-Pegler ,
C. L. Gabelish ,
E. Stubbs ,
C. Harbour ,
J. Robson ,
M. Falk ,
R. Benn  and
A. Vickery
M. A. Beard-Pegler
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
C. L. Gabelish
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
E. Stubbs
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
C. Harbour
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
J. Robson
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
M. Falk
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
R. Benn
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
A. Vickery
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The predominance of coagulase-negative staphylococci as normal skin flora is thought to be a factor in their association with episodes of peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. We investigated the prevalence of peritonitis-associated strains on the skin of 28 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most frequently isolated organisms. comprising 47% of peritoncal dialysis fluid isolates and 59% of body site isolates. A total of 142 coagulase-negative staphylococci were speciated. tested for their antimicrobial sensitivity and slime production. and identified by phage typing and plasmid-profile analysis. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most commonly identified species from both peritoncal dialysis fluid (73%) and body sites (53%). Multiple antibiotic resistance was common, and the greater proportion of isolates were resistant to methicillin: 63·6% of peritoncal dialysis fluid isolates and 61·7% of body-site isolates.isolates. S. haemolyticus isolates were significantly more resistant to methicillin than other species. By phage typing and plasmid-profile analysis it was shown that peritonitis was rarely caused by skincolonizing strains. In only 3 of 14 patients were peritonitis-associated strains isolated as skin colonizers, and no patients developed peritonitis due to organisms previously isolated as skin colonizers.

Type
Special Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 102 , Issue 3 , June 1989 , pp. 365 - 378
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

References

REFERENCES

Archer, G. L.. Karchmer, A. W.. Vishniavsky, N. & Johnston, J. L. (1984). Plasmidpattern analysis for the differentiation of infecting from noninfecting Staphylococcus epidermidis. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 149, 913–920.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baddour, L. M.. Smalley, D. L.. Kraus, A. P. Jr. Lamoreaux, W. J.. & Christensen, G. D.. (1986). Comparison of microbiologic characteristics of pathogenic and saprophytic coagulasenegative staphylococci from patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 5, 197–205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blair, J. E. & Williams, R. E. O. (1961). Phage typing of staphylococci. Bulletin of the world Health Organisation 24, 771 –784.Google ScholarPubMed
Christensen, G. D.Simpson, W. A., Bisno, A. L. & Beachey, E. H. (1982). Adherence of slime-producing strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis to smooth surfaces. Infection and Immunity 37, 318–326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deighton, M. A., Franklin, J. C., Spicer, W. J. & Balkau, B. (1988). Species identification. antibiotic sensitivity and slime production of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens. Epidemiology and Infection 101, 99–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, E. S., Ambalu, M., Szylagi, G., Aning, V. & Soeiro, R. (1987). Colonization of skin and development of peritonitis due to coagulase-negative staphylococci in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 156, 478–482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Etienne, J., Brun, Y.El Solh, N., Delorme, V., Mouren, C., Bes, M. & Fleurette, J. (1988). Characterization of clinically significant isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis from patients with endocarditis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 26, 613–617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gill, V. J., Selepak, S. T. & Williams, E. C. (1983). Species identification and antibiotic susceptibilities of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 18, 1314–1319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton-Miller, J. M. T. & Iliffe, A. (1985). Antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci. Journal of Medical Microbiology 19, 217–226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaffe, H. W., Sweeney, H. M., Weinstein, R. A., Kabins, S. A., Nathan, C. & Cohen, S. (1982). Structural and phenotypic varieties of gentamicin resistance plasmids in hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 21, 773–779.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lyon, B. R., May, J. W. & Skurrey, R. A. (1984). Tn4001: a gentamicin and kanomycin resistance transposon in Staphylococcus aureus. Molecular and General Genetics 193, 554–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mickelsen, P. A., Plorde, J. J., Gordon, K. P., Hargiss, C., McClure, J., Schoenknecht, F. D., Condie, F., Tenover, F. C. & Tompkins, L. S. (1985). Instability of antibiotic resistance in a strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from an outbreak of prosthetic valve endocarditis. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 152, 50–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parisi, J. T. (1985). Coagulase-negative staphylococci and the epidemiological typing of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Microbiological Reviews 49, 126–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parisi, J. T., Lampson, B.C., Hoover, D.L. & Khan, J.A. (1986). Comparison of epidemiologic markers for Staphylococcus epidermidis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 24, 56–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peters, G., Schumacher-Perdreau, F., Jansen, B., Bey, M. & Pulverer, G. (1987). Biology of S. epidermidis extracellular slime. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie. Mikrobiologie and Hygiene. 1, Abteilung. (Suppl. 16). 15–32.Google Scholar
Reuther, J. W. A. (1986). A simplified system for the identification of staphylococci by multipoint inoculation of test media. Journal of Medical Microbiology 22, 179–182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richardson, J.F. & Marples, R.R. (1987). Phage typability of coagulase-negative staphylococci in relation to antibiotic resistance. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie. Mikrobiologie and Hygiene. 1, Abteilung. (Suppl. 16). 235–246.Google Scholar
de Saxe, M. J. & Notley, C. M. (1978). Experiences with the typing of coagulase-negative staphylococci and micrococci. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie. Mikrobiologie and Hygiene,241, 46–59.Google ScholarPubMed
Takahashi, S. & Nagano, Y. (1984). Rapid procedure for isolation of plasmic DNA and application to epidemiological analysis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 20, 608–613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tennent, J. M., May, J. W. & Skurray, R. A. (1984). Multiple antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis: plasmids in strains associated with nosocomial infection. Pathology 16, 250–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Washington, J. A. II & Sutter, V. L. (1980). The dilution susceptibility test: Agar and macrobroth dilution procedures. In Manual of Clinical Microbiology (ed. Lenette, E. H., Balows, A., Hausler, W. J. and Truant, P. J.) 3rd ed. pp. 453–458. Washington. D.C.: American Society for Microbiology.Google Scholar
West, T. E.. Walshe, J. J.. Krol, C. P. & Amsterdam, D. (1986). Staphylococcal peritonitis in patients on continuous peritoneal dialysis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 23, 809–812.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Younger, J. J.. Christensen, G. D.. Bartley, D. L.. Simmons, J. C. H. & Barrett, F. F. (1987). Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from cerebrospinal fluid shunts: importance of slime production. species identification, and shunt removal to clinical outcome. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 156, 548–554.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed