Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-5nwft Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-02T16:26:12.860Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

All by themselves? Legislative regions and the use of unmediated access to the European level

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2013

Anna-Lena Högenauer*
Affiliation:
Department of Politics, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Abstract

Since the 1980s, the level of activism of regions in European Union policy-making has greatly increased, leading to the emergence of claims that regional governments can and do bypass national government in European negotiations. However, two decades after the emergence of the concept, the debate about the ability of regions to engage successfully in this process of continuous negotiation and to represent their interests on the European stage is ongoing. Due to the scarcity of research looking at regional interest representation in concrete cases of policy-making, it has been difficult to establish to what extent and under which circumstances regions do rely on unmediated channels of interest representation on the European level. This article examines these questions through the activities of seven legislative regions during two negotiations of European Directives, as legislative regions have a wider choice of channels of interest representation. Overall, extensive use of unmediated access in regulatory policy-making is rare and can best be explained with reference to domestic conflict and the level of influence of a region in domestic European policy-making. Differences in the size of a region also influence the ability of a region to represent its interests in the coordination of the national position and at the European level.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © European Consortium for Political Research 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bauer, M.W. (2006), ‘The German Länder and the European constitutional treaty: heading for a differentiated theory of regional elite preferences for European integration’, Regional and Federal Studies 16(1): 2141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bavarian State Chancellery (2008), Representation of the Free State of Bavaria to the European Union, Munich.Google Scholar
Beyers, J. and Bursens, P. (2006), ‘The European rescue of the federal state: how Europeanisation shapes the Belgian state’, West European Politics 29(5): 10571078.Google Scholar
Börzel, T. (1999), ‘Towards convergence in Europe? Institutional adaptation to Europeanisation in Germany and Spain’, Journal of Common Market Studies 37(4): 573596.Google Scholar
Bursens, P. and Geeraerts, K. (2006), ‘EU Environmental policy-making in Belgium: who keeps the gate?’, Journal of European Integration 28(2): 159179.Google Scholar
Bussjäger, P. and Djanani, A. (2009), ‘Europapolitik und Europafähigkeit der Länder in Österreich’, in K.-H. Lambertz and M.G. Hüttmann (eds), Europapolitik und Europafähigkeit von Regionen, Baden-Baden: Nomos, pp. 5870.Google Scholar
Cairney, P. (2006), ‘Venue shift following devolution: when reserved meets devolved in Scotland’, Regional and Federal Studies 16(4): 429446.Google Scholar
Callanan, M. (2011), ‘EU decision-making: reinforcing interest group relationships with national governments?’, Journal of European Public Policy 18(1): 1734.Google Scholar
Donas, T. and Beyers, J. (2013), ‘How regions assemble in Brussels: the organizational form of territorial representation in the European Union’, Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 527550.Google Scholar
European Commission, Communication Growing Regions, Growing Europe: Fourth report on economic and social cohesion, Communication from the Commission, Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, May 2007.Google Scholar
Goergen, P. (2004), Le lobbying des villes et des régions auprès de lUnion européenne, D&P Service.Google Scholar
Hix, S. and Götz, K.H. (2000), ‘Introduction: European integration and national political systems’, West European Politics 23(4): 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Högenauer, A.L. (2011), Multi-level governance revisited. Comparing the strategies of interest representation of legislative regions in EU environmental policy-making. PhD dissertation, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Hooghe, L. and Marks, G. (2001), Multi-Level Governance and European Integration, Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.Google Scholar
Hübler, M. (2003), ‘Bayern in der Europäischen Union zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts’, Politische Studien 38(8): 8495.Google Scholar
Jeffery, C. (1997), ‘Regional information offices in Brussels and multi-level governance in the EU: A UK-German comparison’, in C. Jeffery (ed.), The Regional Dimension of the European Union – Towards a Third Level in Europe?, London: Frank Cass, pp. 183203.Google Scholar
Jeffery, C. (1998), ‘Les Länder allemands et l’Europe: intérêts, stratégies et influence dans les politiques communautaires’, in E. Négrier et B. Jouve (eds), Que gouvernent les régions d’Europe?, Paris: L’Harmattan, pp. 5584.Google Scholar
Jeffery, C. (2000), ‘Subnational mobilization and European integration: does it make any difference?’, Journal of Common Market Studies 38(1): 123.Google Scholar
Jeffery, C. (2003), ‘The German Länder: from Milieu-shaping to territorial politics’, in K. Dyson and K.H. Götz (eds), Germany, Europe and the Politics of Constraint, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 97108.Google Scholar
Jeffery, C. (2005), ‘Federalism: the new territorialism’, in S. Green and W.E. Paterson (eds), Governance in Contemporary Germany – The Semisovereign State Revisited, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jeffery, C. (2007), ‘A regional rescue of the nation-state: changing regional perspectives on Europe’. Europa Institute: Mitchell Working Paper Series, 5/2077.Google Scholar
Knodt, M. (2000), ‘Europäisierung à la Sinatra: Deutsche Länder im europäischen Mehrebenensystem’, in M. Knodt and B. Kohler-Koch (eds), Deutschland zwischen Europäisierung und Selbstbehauptung, Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, pp. 237264.Google Scholar
Kovziridze, T. (2002), ‘Europeanization of federal institutional relationships: hierarchical and interdependent institutional relationship structures in Belgium, Germany and Austria’, Regional and Federal Studies 12(3): 128155.Google Scholar
Lambertz, K.-H. and Förster, S. (2009), ‘Die belgischen Gemeinschaften und Regionen im europäsichen Rechtsetzungsprozess’, in K.-H. Lambertz and M. Grosse Hüttmann (eds), Europapolitik und Europafähigkeit von Regionen, Baden-Baden: Nomos, pp. 2124.Google Scholar
Levi-Faur, D. (2007), ‘Regulatory governance’, in P. Graziano and M. Vink (eds), Europeanization: New Research Agendas, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 102114.Google Scholar
MacPhail, E. (2008), ‘Changing EU governance: a new opportunity for the Scottish executive’, Regional and Federal Studies 18(1): 1935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marks, G. (1993), ‘Structural policy and multilevel governance in the EU’, in A. Cafruny and G. Rosenthal (eds), The State of the European Community, New York: Lynne Rienner, pp. 164192.Google Scholar
Marks, G., Haesly, R. and Mbaye, H.A.D. (2002), ‘What do subnational offices think they are doing in Brussels?’, Regional and Federal Studies 12(3): 123.Google Scholar
Marks, G., Hooghe, L. and Blank, K. (1996), ‘European Integration from the 1980s: state centric v. multi-level governance’, Journal of Common Market Studies 34(3): 341378.Google Scholar
Ministerium für Umweltschutz, Niedersachsen, Newsletter, March 2006, Retrieved 30 August 2010 from www.umwelt.niedersachsen.de/live/live.php?navigation_id=2149&article_id=7594&_psmand=10.Google Scholar
Moore, C. (2004), Between diplomacy and interest representation: regional offices in the EU. A German–British comparison. PhD thesis, University of Birmingham.Google Scholar
Moore, C. (2006), ‘‘Schloss Neuwahnstein’? Why the Länder continue to strengthen their representations in Brussels’, German Politics 15(2): 192205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moravcsik, A. (1994), ‘Why the EC strengthens the state: domestic politics and international cooperation’. Centre for European Studies Working Paper 52, Department of Government, University of Harvard, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Müller-Graff, P.C. (2005), ‘The German Länder: involvement in EC/EU law and policy-making’, in S. Weatherill and U. Bernitz (eds), The role of regions and sub-national actors in Europe, Oxford: Hart Publishing.Google Scholar
Nielsen, F. and Salk, J. (1998), ‘The ecology of collective action and regional representation in the European Union’, European Sociological Review 14(3): 231254.Google Scholar
Pahl, M.-O. (2003), ‘Die Rolle der Regionen mit Gesetzgebungskompetenzen im Konventsprozess’, Jahrbuch des Föderalismus 4: 462479.Google Scholar
Rowe, C. (2009), ‘On the front line: how regional representations in Brussels shape intergovernmental relations on Europe’. ESRC Seminar Series – Reforming Intergovernmental Relations in a Context of Party Political Incongruence, Scotland House, Brussels, 10–11 December 2009.Google Scholar
Sloat, A. (2002), Scotland in Europe – a study of multi-level governance, Oxford: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Sturm, R. (2009), ‘Die “Europafähigkeit der Regionen’, in K.-H. Lambertz and M. Grosse Hüttmann (eds), Europapolitik und Europafähigkeit von Regionen, Baden-Baden: Nomos, pp. 1120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swenden, W. (2009), ‘Schottland in Europa: Mit oder ohne Vereinigtes Königreich?’, in K.-H. Lambertz and M. Große Hüttmann (eds), Europapolitik und Europafähigkeit von Regionen, Baden-Baden: Nomos, pp. 101122.Google Scholar
Tatham, M. (2008), ‘Going solo: direct regional representation in the European Union’, Regional and Federal Studies 18(5): 493515.Google Scholar
Tatham, M. (2010), ‘With or without you? revisiting territorial state-bypassing in EU interest representation’, Journal of European Public Policy 17(1): 7699.Google Scholar
Tatham, M. (2011), ‘Devolution and EU policy-shaping: bridging the gap between multi-level governance and liberal intergovernmentalism’, European Political Science Review 3(1): 5381.Google Scholar
Tatham, M. (2012), ‘You do what you have to do? Salience and territorial interest representation in EU environmental affairs’, European Union Politics 23/08/12; DOI: 10.1177/1465116512441505..Google Scholar
Trench, A. (2008), ‘Chapter 9: the practice of multi-level government: how intergovernmental relations work in federal systems’, in A. Trench (ed.), The State of the Nations 2008, Exeter: Imprint Academic.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Högenauer Supplementary Material

Data

Download Högenauer Supplementary Material(File)
File 84.5 KB