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Medicamentos antiepilépticos en la esquizofrenia: una revisión

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

L. Hosák  and
J. Libiger
L. Hosák
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Carlos, 500 05Hradec Krátové, República Checa
J. Libiger
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Carlos, 500 05Hradec Krátové, República Checa
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Resumen

El primer grupo de elección de agentes psicotropos en la esquizofrenia son los neurolépticos. Sin embargo, este tratamiento no es efectivo en todos los pacientes y con todos los síntomas. Resumimos los artículos publicados sobre el papel de los medicamentos antiepilépticos en la esquizofrenia resistente al tratamiento. Hemos buscado el sistema informático de base de datos MEDLINE para artículos relacionados, incluidas las revisiones, los informes de estudios farmacológicos y las historias clínicas. Los medicamentos antiepilépticos pueden cambiar los síntomas de la esquizofrenia por su acción sobre la neurotransmisión GABA-érgica o por mecanismos anti-glutamatérgicos. Las dosis elevadas de benzodiacepinas complementarias reducen los síntomas positivos, la ansiedad y la agitación. La carbamacepina es eficaz en los síntomas afectivos de la esquizofrenia e influye en el comportamiento violento en los pacientes psicóticos. Su actuación acción anti-kindling puede representar una estrategia de tratamiento prometedora para algunos pacientes con curso crónico de esquizofrenia. El tratamiento con valproato lleva a una disminución en los síntomas positivos lo mismo que en la hostilidad. Se espera que la lamotrigina influya en los síntomas positivos, negativos, afectivos y cognitivos de la esquizofrenia. Los nuevos antiepilépticos (por ejemplo, gabapentina, oxcarbacepina, topiramato, vigabatrina) son prometedores como tratamiento complementario potencial al tratamiento neuroléptico en los síntomas resistentes de la esquizofrenia.

Keywords

esquizofreniamedicamentos antiepilépticosácido gamma-aminobutíricoglutamato
Type
Revisión
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 10 , Issue 4 , May 2003 , pp. 217 - 224
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2003

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