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Trastorno adaptativo en adolescentes: factores estresantes y síntomas de ansiedad en 89 pacientes ambulatorios

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Mirjami Pelkonen ,
Mauri Marttunen ,
Markus Henriksson  and
Jouko Lönnqvist
Mirjami Pelkonen
Affiliation:
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Departamento de Salud Mental e Investigación del Alcoholismo, Helsinki, Finlandia Departamento de Psiquiatría Social, Universidad de Tampere, Facultad de Salud Pública, Tampere, Finlandia
Mauri Marttunen
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría de Adolescentes, Hospital Peijas, Hospital de la Universidad de Helsinki, Vantaa, Finlandia Universidad de Oulu, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Oulu, Finlandia
Markus Henriksson
Affiliation:
Centro de Medicina Militar, Ministerio de Defensa de Finlandia, Lahti, Finlandia
Jouko Lönnqvist
Affiliation:
departamento de Salud Mental e Investigación del Alcoholismo, Instituto de Salud Pública Nacional, Helsinki, Finlandia
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Resumen

Objetivo

El trastorno adaptativo (TA) en adolescentes se ha investigado poco. Clasificamos a los adolescentes con TA tratados de forma ambulatoria según su ambiente psicosocial y el tratamiento recibido y los comparamos con pacientes con otros trastornos no psicóticos (OTNP). Además, exploramos los factores estresantes, los síntomas de ansiedad y los problemas de conducta en chicos y chicas con TA.

Método

Se recogieron prospectiva y consecutivamente datos de 290 pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatorios, de 12 a 22 años, tratados en una clínica de atención secundaria de Finlandia. En función de la información disponible se asignaron diagnósticos del DSM-III-R al final del tratamiento.

Resultados

El TA fue el segundo diagnóstico más común en pacientes no psicóticos (el 31% de 290). Comparados con los pacientes con OTNP, los pacientes con TA eran principalmente chicas y tenían un deterioro psicosocial menos grave. En los análisis de comparaciones multivariantes, las características principales de los pacientes con TA fueron factores estresantes relacionados con la escuela, problemas con la ley y agitación en chicos, y enfermedades de los padres e interiorización de síntomas en chicas. La intensidad y la duración del tratamiento de los pacientes con TA fueron muy variables.

Conclusiones

El trastorno adaptativo es una entidad clinica común en adolescentes tratados de forma ambulatoria. La evaluación y el tratamiento psiquiátrico deberían individualizarse teniendo en cuenta los factores estresantes específicos de cada sexo y los síntomas de ansiedad en jóvenes con TA.

Keywords

AdolescenciaTrastorno adaptativoTratamiento psiquiátricoFactores estresantesSíntomas de ansiedad
Type
Original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 14 , Issue 7 , October 2007 , pp. 343 - 351
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2007

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