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Inflammasomes in breast cancer: the ignition spark of progression and resistance?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 June 2023

Sawsan Elgohary Open the ORCID record for Sawsan Elgohary [Opens in a new window]  and
Hend M. El Tayebi Open the ORCID record for Hend M. El Tayebi [Opens in a new window]
Sawsan Elgohary
Affiliation:
Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
Hend M. El Tayebi*
Affiliation:
Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
*
Corresponding author: Hend M. El Tayebi; Email: hend.saber@guc.edu.eg
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Abstract

Inflammation and immune evasion are major key players in breast cancer (BC) progression. Recently, the FDA approved the use of anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody (anti-PD-L1) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors against aggressive BC. Despite the paradigm shift in BC treatments, patients still suffer from resistance, recurrence and serious immune-related adverse events. These obstacles require unravelling of the hidden molecular contributors for such therapy failure hence yielding therapeutics that are at least as efficient yet safer. Inflammasome pathway is activated when the pattern recognition receptor senses danger signals (danger-associated molecular patterns) from damagedRdying cells or pathogen-associated molecular patterns found in microbes, leading to secretion of the active pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). It has been shown throughout numerous studies that inflammasome pathway enhanced invasion, metastasis, provoked BC progression and therapy resistance. Additionally, inflammasomes upregulated the proliferative index ki67 and enhanced PD-L1 expression leading to immunotherapy resistance. IL-1β contributed to significant decrease in oestrogen receptor levels and promoted BC chemo-resistance. High levels of IL-18 in sera of BC patients were associated with worst prognosis. Stimulation of purinergic receptors and modulation of adipokines in obese subjects activated inflammasomes that evoked radiotherapy resistance and BC progression. The micro RNA miR-223-3p attenuated the inflammasome over-expression leading to lowered tumour volume and lessened angiogenesis in BC. This review sheds the light on the molecular pathways of inflammasomes and their impacts in distinct BC subtypes. In addition, it highlights novel strategies in treatment and prevention of BC.

Keywords

inflammasomebreast cancerCTLA-4adiponectinleptinlncRNAmiRNAPD-1PD-L1purinergic receptors
Type
Review
Information
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine , Volume 25 , 2023 , e22
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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