There is a general consensus that providing care for a relative that has dementia is associated with negative outcomes for caregivers’ mental health. There seem to be also associations with negative physical health outcomes, although the literature on this topic is more scarce. Most of the available research consist in studies with a cross-sectional design. Longitudinal studies focused on psychosocial correlates of mental and physical health of the caregivers are lacking, mostly those analyzing the influence of factors such as behavioral and psychological symptoms of the dementia, caregivers` dysfunctional thoughts, and caregivers’ ambivalent and guilt feelings. The aim of this presentation will be to describe the findings from the Madrid Caregivers Longitudinal Study, that consist in a two year follow-up of family caregivers of people with dementia. Several models will be described testing the longitudinal effect of psychosocial variables on caregivers’ distress (depression and anxiety) and cardiovascular health (measured through biomarkers of inflammation). The practical implications of the findings will be discussed.