Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-v5vhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-18T18:29:48.815Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Incongruent reduction of tungsten carbide by a zirconium-copper melt

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Zbigniew Grzesik ,
Matthew B. Dickerson  and
Ken H. Sandhage
Zbigniew Grzesik
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
Matthew B. Dickerson
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
Ken H. Sandhage*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
*
b) Address all correspondence to this author. Present address: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 711 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0245. e-mail: ken.sandhage.1@mse.gatech.edu
Get access

Abstract

The reduction of tungsten carbide (WC) to elemental tungsten by reaction with a Zr–Cu melt was examined. Dense WC disks were immersed in a vertical orientation in molten Zr2Cu at 1150–1400 °C for 1.5–24 h. Continuous, adherent layers of W and ZrC formed at WC/melt interfaces. The rates of thickening of the W and ZrC product layers were examined as a function of reaction time and temperature and position along the vertical WC surface. Such kinetic data, along with microstructural analyses, indicate that the incongruent reduction of tungsten carbide is likely to be controlled by carbon diffusion through one or both of the product layers.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 18 , Issue 9 , September 2003 , pp. 2135 - 2140
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Storms, E.K., The Refractory Carbides (Academic Press, New York, 1967), pp. 18–35.Google Scholar
2.Williams, W.S., in Progress in Solid State Chemistry, edited by Reiss, H. and McCaldin, J.O. (Pergamon Press, New York, 1971), Vol. 6, pp. 57–118.Google Scholar
3.Phase Equilibria Diagrams, Vol. X. Borides, Carbides, and Nitrides, edited by McHale, A.E. (The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH, 1994), pp. 251–252, 257–260, 265–271, 274, 291, 292, 294–300, 303, 304, 313–315, 317–322, 349–360, 365–368, 371.Google Scholar
4.Touloukian, Y.S., Kirby, R.K., Taylor, R.E., and Desai, P.D., Thermal Expansion Metallic Elements and Alloys (Plenum Press, New York, 1975), Vol. 12, pp. 208–218, 236–240, 280–284, 316–322, 354–364.Google Scholar
5.Touloukian, Y.S., Kirby, R.K., Taylor, R.E., and Lee, T.Y.R., Thermal Expansion Nonmetallic Solids (Plenum Press, New York, 1977), Vol. 13, pp. 848–852, 858–865, 879–883, 891–895, 926–934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Properties and Selection: Stainless Steels, Tool Materials and Special-Purpose Materials, Metals Handbook, 9th ed., Vol. 3, (American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1980), pp. 314–349.Google Scholar
7.Song, G.M., Wang, Y.J., and Zhou, Y., Mater. Sci. Eng. A A334, 223 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Song, G.M., Wang, Y.J., and Zhou, Y., J. Mater. Sci. 36, 4625 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Upadhya, K., Yang, J-M., and Hoffman, W.P., Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc. 76, 51 (1997).Google Scholar
10.Sutton, G.P., Rocket Propulsion Elements: An Introduction to the Engineering of Rockets, 6th ed. (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1992), pp. 483–488.Google Scholar
11.Sheppard, L.M., Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc. 69, 1012 (1990).Google Scholar
12.Liu, Z.K. and Chang, Y.A., J. Alloys Compd. 299, 153 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Powder Diffraction Files Card Nos. 4–806 for W, No. 5–702 for Re, 25–1047 for WC(hexagonal), 20–1316 for WC1-x(cubic), 35–784 for ZrC, 4–826 for Cu, and 18–466 for Zr2Cu (International Center for Diffraction Data, Newtown Square, PA, 1981).Google Scholar
14.Sandhage, K.H. and Kumar, P., Patent, U.S. No. 6 407 022 (June 18, 2002).Google Scholar
15.Dickerson, M.B., Snyder, R.L., and Sandhage, K.H., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 85, 730 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Kumar, P. and Sandhage, K.H., J. Mater. Sci. 34, 5757 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Rogers, K.A., Kumar, P., Citak, R., and Sandhage, K.H., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82, 757 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Kumar, P., Dregia, S.A., and Sandhage, K.H., J. Mater. Res. 14, 3312 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Kofstad, P., High Temperature Corrosion (Elsevier Applied Science, New York, 1988), pp. 11–25.Google Scholar
20.Saunders, N., CALPHAD 9, 297 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Kleppa, O.J. and Watanabe, S., Metall. Trans. B. 13B, 391 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Barin, I., Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, 3rd ed. (VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Germany, 1995), pp. 1788, 1860.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Jones, D.A., Principles and Prevention of Corrosion, 2nd ed. (Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996), p. 116.Google Scholar
24.Gaukel, C., Kluge, M., and Schober, H.R., J. Non-Cryst. Solids. 250–252, 664 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Henderson, J. and Young, L., Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME. 221, 72 (1961).Google Scholar
26.Wagner, C., J. Phys. Colloid Chem. 53, 1030 (1949).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Andrievskii, R.A., Khromov, Yu. F., and Alekseeva, I.S., Fiz. Metal. Metalloved. 32, 664 (1971).Google Scholar
28.Sarian, S. and Criscione, J.M., J. Appl. Phys. 38, 1794 (1967).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Buhsmer, C.P. and Crayton, P.H., J. Mater. Sci. 6, 981 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30. Yu. Vilk, N., Nikolskii, S.S., and Avarbe, R.G., Teplofiz. Vys. Temp. 5, 607 (1967).Google Scholar
31.Shepela, A., J. Less-Common Met. 26, 33 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Kovenskii, I., in Diffusion in Body-Centered Cubic Metals (American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1965), p. 283.Google Scholar