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An Archimedes-like cyclostome bryozoan from the Eocene of North Carolina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Paul D. Taylor  and
Frank K. McKinney
Paul D. Taylor
Affiliation:
Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
Frank K. McKinney
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608
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Abstract

A distinctive spiral unilaminate cyclostome bryozoan, recently discovered in the Eocene Castle Hayne Limestone Formation of eastern North Carolina, is described as Crisidmonea archimediformis new species. Colonies have a thickened spiral axis bearing systems of bifurcating branches. When worn and stripped of their branches, the resistant axes closely resemble the familiar screws of the Carboniferous to Permian fenestrate bryozoan genus Archimedes. However, the Eocene screws are shorter and become more loosely coiled with growth, corresponding to a helicospiral rather than a helical form. The paleoenvironment inhabited by C. archimediformis colonies is inferred to have been on the shallow (< 30 m depth) margin of an open marine, waveswept embayment. Autozooid distribution and the gradient of increasing apertural size from branch reverse to frontal sides in C. archimediformis resemble those of the living cyclostome Exidmonea atlantica and suggest colonial water currents that flowed upwards and inwards through the spiral colony. Polyascosoecia, a genus closely related to Crisidmonea, is shown to be an objective junior synonym of Reteporidea, and the new genus Polyascoeciella (type species Idmonea foraminosa Reuss) is introduced for species with exterior-walled gonozooids that were previously assigned to Polyascosoecia.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 70 , Issue 2 , March 1996 , pp. 218 - 229
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

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