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Anatomy of the holotype of ‘Probelesodon’ kitchingi revisited, a chiniquodontid cynodont (Synapsida, Probainognathia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2023

Carolina A. Hoffmann Open the ORCID record for Carolina A. Hoffmann [Opens in a new window] ,
Marco B. de Andrade  and
Agustín G. Martinelli
Carolina A. Hoffmann*
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução da Biodiversidade, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Marco B. de Andrade
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução da Biodiversidade, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Museu de Ciência e Tecnologia PUCRS, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Agustín G. Martinelli
Affiliation:
CONICET-Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia,’ Buenos Aires, Argentina
*
*Corresponding author.
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Abstract

Chiniquodontidae is a family of nonmammaliaform probainognathian cynodonts with occurrences in the Middle to Late Triassic of Africa and South America (Brazil and Argentina). The history of the family is marked by changes in composition and revisions due to the poor preservation of the first discovered specimens. Currently, Chiniquodontidae includes two genera and six species. Here, we apply the computed tomography (CT-scan) method to describe and revise the morphology of one of the best-preserved chiniquodontid specimens (MCP 1600 PV, holotype of ‘Probelesodon’ kitchingi Sá-Teixeira, 1982) from Brazil, which allowed the visualization of sutures and the segmentation of each bone. The CT-scan data also revealed some previously undescribed traits due to the presence of matrix covering structures of the skull. In addition, the morphological comparisons revealed differences of MCP 1600 PV in relation to the other chiniquodontids, and eight discrete cranial features not related to ontogeny indicate that ‘Probelesodon’ kitchingi might not be included within Chiniquodon theotonicus Huene, 1936. Therefore, we consider the species valid but propose the new combination Chiniquodon kitchingi. Moreover, the results obtained highlighted the necessity of a reassessment of the family, as well as the description of new specimens, morphometric analyses, and use of CT-scan, when feasible.

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Journal of Paleontology , Volume 97 , Issue 3 , May 2023 , pp. 693 - 710
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society

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