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Fossil Marine Vertebrates from the Lowermost Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous: Middle Cenomanian) in Southeastern Colorado

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2017

Kenshu Shimada ,
Bruce A. Schumacher ,
Jennifer A. Parkin  and
Jaclyn M. Palermo
Kenshu Shimada
Affiliation:
Environmental Science Program, DePaul University, 2325 North Clifton Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60614, Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, 2325 North Clifton Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60614 Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas 67601
Bruce A. Schumacher
Affiliation:
Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas 67601 USDA Forest Service, 1420 East Third Street, La Junta, Colorado 81050,
Jennifer A. Parkin
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, 2325 North Clifton Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60614
Jaclyn M. Palermo
Affiliation:
Environmental Science Program, DePaul University, 2325 North Clifton Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60614,
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Abstract

Fossiliferous deposits of the Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous) are found on the Comanche National Grassland in southeastern Colorado. The lowest portion of the Greenhorn Limestone, the base of the Lincoln Limestone Member, contains calcarenite beds rich in disarticulated remains of marine vertebrates. We examined the composition of the vertebrate paleofauna from one particular location (Tobe locality) through surface collecting and acid solution of rocks. The paleofauna is taxonomically diverse, consisting of 22 chondrichthyans, at least 15 osteichthyan fishes, and six aquatic reptiles. Molluscan taxa indicate that the basal Lincoln Limestone in southeastern Colorado was deposited sometime between middle Middle Cenomanian (ca. 95 Ma) and late Middle Cenomanian (ca. 94.7 Ma), and the composition of the vertebrate fauna (primarily chondrichthyan taxa) agrees with this interpretation. The Tobe locality was situated far from the shorelines of the Western Interior Seaway, with relatively high-energy waves impinging upon the seafloor, concentrating biogenic remains. Fossil remains within the calcarenite appear to have undergone minor time-averaging, based upon erosional rounding and breakage present in numerous specimens. Nevertheless, the deposit contains one of the best representative Middle Cenomanian vertebrate communities so far described from the Western Interior Seaway of North America. Considering that the paleofauna consists of taxa diverse in size, morphology, and inferred ecology, the trophic structure of the paleocommunity was probably complex.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 80 , Issue S63: Paleontological Society Memoir 63. Fossil marine vertebrates from the lowermost Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous: Middle Cenomanian) in Southeastern Colorado , March 2006 , pp. 1 - 45
Copyright
Copyright © 2006, The Paleontological Society 

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