Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-75dct Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-02T18:46:21.424Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Redescription and phylogenetic position of Caypullisaurus (Ichthyosauria: Ophthalmosauridae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Marta Fernández*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, 1900 La Plata, Argentina,

Abstract

The ophthalmosaurid Caypullisaurus from the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina, is redescribed based on new information from recent discoveries. Cladistic analysis of Caypullisaurus, based on previous ichthyopterygian data sets and using NONA, yielded two most parsimonious trees. Two clades are recognized within the Ophthalmosauridae. Caypullisaurus is found to be nested with Brachypterygius and Platypterygius. Simultaneous, unconstrained analysis, using unambiguous character optimization, is suggested as the best way to analyze data sets with large amounts of missing data.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andrews, C. W. 1910. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Marine Reptiles of the Oxford Clay, Pt. I. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 205 p.Google Scholar
Bardet, N., and Fernández, M. 2000. A new ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic lithographic limestones of Bavaria. Journal of Paleontology, 74:503511.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baur, G. 1887. On the morphology and origin of the Ichthyopterygian. American Naturalist, 21:837840.Google Scholar
De La Beche, H. T., and Conybeare, W. D. 1821. Notice of the discovery of a new fossil animal, forming a link between the Ichthyosaurus and crocodile, together with general remarks on the osteology of the Ichthyosaurus . Transactions of the Geological Society of London, 5:559594.Google Scholar
De Pinna, M. C. 1991. Concepts and tests of homology in the cladistic paradigm. Cladistics, 7:367394.Google Scholar
Fernández, M. 1997. A new ichthyosaur from the Tithonian (Late Jurassic) of the Neuquén Basin, northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Paleontology, 71:479484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernández, M. 1998. Nuevo material de Caypullisaurus bonapartei Fernández (Reptilia: Ichthyosauridae) del jurásico Superior de la cuenca Neuquina, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 35:2124.Google Scholar
Fernández, M. 1999. A new ichthyosaur from the Los Molles Formation (Early Bajocian), Neuquen Basin, Argentina. Journal of Paleontology, 73:677681.Google Scholar
Fernández, M. 2001. Dorsal or ventral? Homologies of the forefin of Caypullisaurus (Ichthyosauria: Ophthalmosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 21:515520.Google Scholar
Gasparini, Z. 1985. Los reptiles marinos jurásicos de América del Sur. Ameghiniana, 22:2334.Google Scholar
Gasparini, Z., and Fernández, M. 1997. Tithonian marine reptiles of the eastern Pacific, p. 435440. In Callaway, J. and Nicholls, E. (eds.), Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press, San Diego.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gasparini, Z., and Goñi, R. 1990. Los ictiosáurios jurásico-cretácicos de la Argentina, p. 299311. In Volkheimer, W. (ed.), Bioestratigrafía de los Sistemas Regionales del Jurásico y Cretácico de América del Sur. Comité Sudamericano del Jurásico y Cretácico.Google Scholar
Godefroit, P. 1993. The skull of Stenopterygius longifrons (Owen, 1881). Revue de Paléobiologie, 7:6784.Google Scholar
Goloboff, P. 1998. NONA, version 2.0. Fundación e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 S. M. de Tucumán, Argentina.Google Scholar
Goloboff, P., and Farris, J. S. 2001. Methods for quick consensus estimation. Cladistics, 17:2634.Google Scholar
Huene, F. v. 1922. Die Ichthyosaurier des Lias und ihre Zusammenhänge. Monographie zur Geologie und Paläontologie, 1. Verlag von Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, 114 p.Google Scholar
Jaekel, O. 1904. Eine neue Darstellung von Ichthyosaurus . Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 56:2634.Google Scholar
Kirton, A. M. 1983. A review of British Upper Jurassic ichthyosaurs. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, 239 p.Google Scholar
Kitching, I. J., Forey, P. L., Humphries, C. J., and Williams, D. M. 1998. Cladistics, The Theory and Practice of Parsimony Analysis (second edition). Oxford University Press, Oxford, 228 p.Google Scholar
Leidy, J. 1868. Notice of some reptilian remains from Nevada. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, 20:177178.Google Scholar
Maisch, M. W., and Matzke, A. T. 1997. Mikadocephalus gracilirostris n. gen., n. sp., a new ichthyosaur from the Grenzbitumenzone (Anisian–Ladinian) of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland). Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 71:267289.Google Scholar
Maisch, M. W., and Matzke, A. T. 2000. The Ichthyosauria. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie), 298:159.Google Scholar
Mazin, J.-M., Suteethorn, V., Buffetaut, E., Jaeger, J.-J., and Helmcke-ingavat, R. 1991. Preliminary description of Thaisaurus chonglakmanii n. g., n. sp., a new ichthyopterygian (Reptilia) from the Early Triassic of Thailand. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, série II, 313:12071212.Google Scholar
M'Coy, F. 1867. On the occurrence of Ichthyosaurus and Plesiosaurus in Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 19:355356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGowan, C. 1976. The description and phenetic relationships of a new ichthyosaur genus from the Upper Jurassic of England. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 13:668683.Google Scholar
McGowan, C., and Motani, R. 2003. Ichthyopterygia, Pt. 8. In Sues, H.-D. (ed.), Handbook of Paleoherpetology. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany.Google Scholar
Motani, R. 1999. Phylogeny of the Ichthyopterygia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 19:473496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nixon, K. C. 2002. WinClada ver. 1.00.08. Published by the author, Ithaca, New York.Google Scholar
Páramo, M. E. 1997. Platypterygius sachicarum (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) nueva especie del Cretácico de Colombia. Revista Ingeominas, 6:112.Google Scholar
Sander, P. M. 1989. The large ichthyosaur Cymbospondylus buchseri, sp. nov., from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland), with a survey of the genus in Europe. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 9:163173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sander, P. M. 2000. Ichthyosauria: Their diversity, distribution, and phylogeny. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 74:135.Google Scholar
Seeley, H. G. 1874. On the pectoral arch and fore limb of Ophthalmosaurus, a new ichthyosaurian genus from the Oxford Clay. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 30:696707.Google Scholar
Spalletti, L., Gasparini, Z., Veiga, G., Schwartz, E., Fernández, M., and Matheos, S. 1999. Facies anóxicas, procesos deposicionales y herpetofauna de la rampa marina Titoniana–Berriasiana en la Cuenca Neuquina (Yesera del Tromen, Neuquén, Argentina). Revista Geológica de Chile, 26:109123.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, M., and Benton, M. 1995. Missing data and rhynchosaur phylogeny. Historical Biology, 10:138150.Google Scholar