No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Stratigraphic and paleogeographic distributions of Devonian crinoids from Spain with description of new taxa from the Iberian Chains
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 May 2019
Abstract
A new Lower Devonian fauna from the Iberian Chains (NE Spain) is described. Specimens have been collected from the shaley intervals of the Mariposas Formation dated as early Emsian. These include the camerates Acanthocrinus carsli n. sp., Platyhexacrinus santacruzensis n. sp., Culicocrinus breimeri n. sp., Camerata indeterminate, and an indeterminate eucladid. Compared with other faunas from Spain, this represents a low diversity crinoid assemblage that was probably concentrated in shallow, turbid environments. A summary of crinoids previously described from the Spanish Devonian is reported, which indicates that crinoid faunas become progressively more cosmopolitan during the Devonian.
UUID: http://zoobank.org:pub/2debf9fa-11bf-46df-baf1-ab7926031051
- Type
- Articles
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2019, The Paleontological Society
References
Almela, A., and Revilla, J., 1950, Especies fósiles nuevas del Devoniano de León: Notas y Communicaciones del Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, v. 20, p. 45–60.Google Scholar
Arbizu, M., Méndez-Bedia, I., and Soto, M., 1995, Fossil communities in the Aguión Formation (Lower Devonian) of the Arnao Platform (Asturias, NW Spain): Geobios, v. 28, p. 567–571.Google Scholar
Arenal, T.R.M. de G., 1950, Crinoides del Devonico de Santa Lucia (Leon): Societe Espanola Historia Nationales, Boletin, v. 47, p. 657–662.Google Scholar
Astre, G., 1925, Un paleocrinoide espagnol de la familie Periechocrinida: Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, v. 25, p. 211–217.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., Kammer, T.W., Wright, D.R., Cole, S.R., Peter, M.E., and Rhenberg, E.C., 2015, Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Crinoidea (Echinodermata), in Zamora, S., and Rábano, I., eds., Progress in Echinoderm Palaeobiology: Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid, Spain, p. 29–32.Google Scholar
Austin, T., and Austin, T., 1842, XVIII.—Proposed arrangement of the Echinodermata, particularly as regards the Crinoidea, and a subdivision of the Class Adelostella (Echinidae): Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 1, v. 10, no. 63, p. 106–113.Google Scholar
Austin, T., and Austin, T., 1843–1847, A Monograph on Recent and Fossil Crinoidea, with figures and descriptions of some Recent and fossil allied genera: v. 1, 2, p. 1–32, frontispiece (1843); v. 3, p. 33–48 (1844); v. 4, p. 49–64 (1845); v. 5, p. 65–80 (1846); v. 6–8, p. 81–128 (1847); London and Bristol, 128 p.Google Scholar
Bohatý, J., 2005, Doppleagige Kroneplatten: ein neues anatomisches Merkmal paläzoischer Crinoiden und Revision der familia Cupressocriniitidae (Devon): Paläontologische Zeitschrift, v. 79, p. 201–225.Google Scholar
Bohatý, J., 2009, Pre- and postmortem skeletal modifications of the Cupressocrinitidae (Crinoidea, Cladida): Journal of Paleontology, v. 83, p. 45–62.Google Scholar
Bohatý, J., and Herbig, H. 2010, Middle Givetian echinoderms from the Schlade Valley (Rhenish Massif, Germany): hábitats, taxonomy and ecostratigraphy: Paläontologische Zeitschrift, v. 84, p. 365–386.Google Scholar
Boucot, A.J., Johnson, J.G., and Talent, J.A., 1967, Lower and Middle Devonian faunal provinces based on brachiopods, in Oswald, D.H., ed., International Symposium on the Devonian System 2, p. 1239–1254.Google Scholar
Boucot, A.J., Johnson, J.G., and Talent, J.A., 1969, Early Devonian brachiopods zoogeography: Geological Society of America Special Papers, no. 119, 113 p.Google Scholar
Breimer, A., 1962, A monograph on Spanish Paleozoic crinoidea: Overdruk uit Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, Deel 27, p. 1–190.Google Scholar
Brower, J.C., 1973, Crinoids from the Girardeau Limestone (Ordovician): Palaeontographica Americana, v. 7, no. 46, p. 263–499.Google Scholar
Cailliaud, F., 1861, Sur l'existence de la faune troisieme silurienne dans le nord-est du department de la Loire-Inferieure: Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, ser. 2, v. 18, p. 330–337.Google Scholar
Carls, P., 1965, Jung-silurische und unterdevonische Schichten der Östlichen iberischen Ketten (NE Spanien) [Ph.D. Dissertation] : Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 155 p.Google Scholar
Carls, P., 1987, Ein Vorschlag zur biostratigraphischen Redefinition der Grenze Gedinium/Siegenium und benachbarter Unter-Stufen: Courier Forschung-Institut Senckenberg, v. 92, p. 77–121.Google Scholar
Carls, P., 1988, The Devonian of Celtiberia (Spain) and Devonian paleogeography of SW Europe, in McMillan, N.J., Embry, A.F., and Glass, D.J., eds., Devonian of the World: Memoir of the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologist, Calgary, p. 421–466.Google Scholar
Carls, P., and Valenzuela-Ríos, J.I., 2002, Early Emsian Conodonts and associated shelly faunas of the Mariposas Fm. (Iberian Chains, Aragón, Spain), in García-López, S., and Bastida, F., eds., Palaeozoic conodonts from Northern Spain: Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, serie Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, v. 1, p. 315–336.Google Scholar
Cole, S.R., 2017, Phylogeny and morphologic evolution of the Ordovician Camerata (Class Crinoidea, Phylum Echinodermata): Journal of Paleontology, v. 91, p. 815–828. doi: 10.1017/jpa.2016.137Google Scholar
Dubatolova, Y.A., 1964, Morskie lilii devona Kuzbassa [Devonian crinoids of the Kuznetz Basin]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdeleniye Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki, 153 p.Google Scholar
Fernández, L.P., Nose, M., Fernández-Martínez, E., Méndez-Bedia, I., Schröeder, St., and Soto, F., 2006, Reefal and mud mound facies development in the Lower Devonian La Vid Group at the Colle outcrops (León province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain): Facies, v. 52, p. 307–327.10.1007/s10347-005-0042-0Google Scholar
Follmann, O., 1891, Über die unterdevonischen Schichten bei Coblenz: Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussichen Rheinlande, Westfalens Jahrgang, v. 48, p. 117–173.Google Scholar
García-Alcalde, J.L., Montesinos, J.R., Truyóls-Massoni, M., García-López, S., Arbizu, M.A., and Soto, F., 1988, El Silúrico y el Devónico del Dominio Palentino (NO de España): Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España, v. 1, p. 7–13.Google Scholar
García-Alcalde, J.L., Carls, P., Pardo Alonso, M.V., Sanz López, J., Soto, F., Truyols-Massoni, M., and Valenzuela-Ríos, J.I., 2002, Devonian, in Gibbons, W., and Moreno, T., eds., The Geology of Spain: Geological Society of London, p. 67–91.Google Scholar
Geinitz, H.B., 1867, Über organische Überreste aus der Steinkohlengrube Arnao bei Avilés in Asturien: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paläontologie, p. 283–286.Google Scholar
Goldfuss, G.A., 1826–44, Petrefacta Germaniae, tam ea, Quae in Museo Universitatis Regiae Borussicae Fridericiae Wilhelmiae Rhenanea, serventur, quam alia quaecunque in Museis Hoeninghusiano Muensteriano aliisque, extant, iconibus et descriiptionns illustrata.—Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der Petrefacten Deutschlands und der Angränzende Länder, unter Mitwirkung des Hern Grafen Georg zu Münster, herausgegeben von August Goldfuss: v. 1 (1826–1833), Divisio prima. Zoophytorum reliquiae, p. 1–114; Divisio secunda. Radiariorum reliquiae, p. 115–221 [Echinodermata]; Divisio tertia. Annulatorium reliquiae, p. 222–242; v. 2 (1834–40); Divisio quarta. Molluscorum acephalicorum reliquiae. I. Bivalvia, p. 65–286; II. Brachiopoda, p. 287–303; III. (1841–44); Divisio quinta. Molluscorum gasteropodum reliquiae, p. 1–121, Düsseldorf, Arnz & Co., v. 1, p. 1–76 (1826), p. 77–164 (1829), p. 165–240 (1831), p. 241–252 (1833); v. 2, p. 1–68 (1833), p. 69–140 (1836), p. 141–224 (1837), p. 225–312 (1840).Google Scholar
Goldring, W., 1923, The Devonian crinoids of the state of New York: New York State Museum, Memoir 16, p. 1–670.Google Scholar
Goldring, W., 1954, Devonian crinoids. new and old: II. New York State Museum Circular 37, p. 1–51.Google Scholar
Gozalo, R., and Liñán, E., 1988, Los materiales hercínicos de la Cordillera Ibérica en el contexto del Macizo Ibérico: Estudios Geológicos, v. 44, p. 399–404.Google Scholar
Hall, J., 1862, Preliminary notice of some of the species of Crinoidea known in the Upper Helderberg and Hamilton groups of New York: New York State Cabinet of Natural History 15th Annual Report, p. 87–125.Google Scholar
Haude, R., 1992, Scyphocrinoiden, die Bojen-Seelilien im hohen Silur-tiefen Devon: Paleontographica Abteilung A, Palaeozoologie und Stratigraphie, v. 222, p. 141–187.Google Scholar
Haude, R., 2004, Morphology and palaeobiology of echinoderms in the Lower Devonian of the Argentine Precordillera, in Heinzeller, T., and Nebelsick, J.H., eds., Echinoderms: Müchen and London, Taylor and Francis Group, p. 417–419.Google Scholar
Hauser, J., 2008, Crinoiden und Begleitfauna des Ahbachiums der Rommersheimer Trasse: Bonn, privately published, 80 p.Google Scholar
Hauser, J., 2010, Die Crinoiden fauna der Junkerberg Formation des “Gondelsheimer Acker” (Mittledevon. Prümer Mulde. Rheinisches Schiefergebirges): Bonn, privately published by the author, 72 p.Google Scholar
Hauser, J., 2015, Crinoiden und Begleitfauna des Freilingiums (Mitteldevon) von Nollenbach (“Auf den Eichen”) (Hillesheimer Mulde, Eifel): Bonn, privately published, 95 p.Google Scholar
Hauser, J., and Landeta, F.G., 2007, Neue Crinoiden aus dem Paläozoikum von Nordspanien: Bonn, privately published, 77 p.Google Scholar
Hauser, J., and Landeta, F.G., 2009, Crinoiden aus dem Unter- und Mitteldevon von Asturien und Leon (Nordspanien): Bonn, privately published, 58 p.Google Scholar
Hauser, J., and Landeta, F.G., 2012, Paläozoische Crinoiden, aus Asturien und León (Nordspanien): Bonn, privately published, 68 p.Google Scholar
Hauser, J., and Landeta, F.G., 2013, Asturien und León (Nordspanien), Ein Dorado für paläozoische Crinoiden: Bonn, privately published, 68 p.Google Scholar
Herrera, Z., and Villas, E., 2013, Fósiles paleozoicos en el valle del río Cámaras (comarca del Jiloca, Teruel): Comarca del Jiloca, Calamocha, 74 p.Google Scholar
Hofmann, M.H., and Keller, M., 2006, Sequence stratigraphy and carbonate platform organization of the Devonian Santa Lucía Formation, Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain: Facies v. 52, p. 149–167.Google Scholar
Jaekel, O., 1895, Beiträge zur Kenntniss der palaeozoischen Crinoiden Deutschlands: Paläontologisches Abhandlungen, v. 7, (n.s. 3), p. 1–11.Google Scholar
Kammer, T.W., 2001, Phenotypic bradytely in the Costalocrinus-Barycrinus lineage of Paleozoic cladid crinoids: Journal of Paleontology, v. 75, p. 383–389.Google Scholar
Keller, M., 1997, Evolution and sequence stratigraphy of an Early Devonian carbonate ramp, Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 67, p. 638–652.Google Scholar
Keller, M., and Grötsch, J., 1990, Depositional history and conodont biostratigraphy of the Lower Devonian La Vid Group in the Luna area (Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain): Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paläontologie, v. 3, p. 141–164.Google Scholar
Kirk, E., 1929, The fossil crinoid genus Vasocrinus Lyon: Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, v. 74, no. 15, p. 1–4.Google Scholar
Koenen, A. von, 1886, Die Crinoiden des norddeutschen Ober-Devons: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, v. 1, p. 99–116.Google Scholar
Lehmann, W.M., 1939, Neue Beobachtungen an Versteinerungen aus dem Hunsrückschiefer: Abhandlungen der Preussian Akademie der Wissenschaften, Math-Naturwiss, Kl., Jahrgang 1939, no. 13, p. 1–17.Google Scholar
Le Menn, J., 1976, Les Crinoïda, in Le Menn, J., Plusquellec, Y., Morzadec, P, and Lardeux, H., Incursion Hercynienne dans les faunes rhénanes du Dévonien inférieur de la rade de Brest (Massif Armoricain): Palaeontographica Abhandlungen, v. 153, 61 p.Google Scholar
Le Menn, J., 1980, Les Crinoides, in Babin, C., and Plusquellec, Y., Les schistes et calcaires de l' Armorique: Mëmoires de la Société Géologique et Minéralogique de Bretagne, v. 23, p. 250–271.Google Scholar
Le Menn, J., 1985, Les crinoïdes du Dévonien inférieur et moyen du massif Armoricain: Mémoires de la Société Géologique et Minéralogique de Bretagne, v. 30, p. 1–268.Google Scholar
Le Menn, J., 1988, Un nouveau type d'organe distal de pédoncule de crinoïde de l'Emsien supérieur d'Aragon (Espagne): Annales de Paléontologie (Vertébraté-Invertébraté), v. 74, p. 1–11.Google Scholar
Le Menn, J., 1990, Présence de Monstrocrinus (Crinoidea) dans l'Emsien supérieur du domaine nord-gondwanien (Espagne, Algérie): Annales de Paléontologie, v. 76, p. 149–158.Google Scholar
Lendínez, A., Ruiz, V., and Carls, P., 1989, Mapa Geológico de España 1:50.000, hoja n°466 (Moyuela): Madrid, IGME.Google Scholar
Lyon, S.S., 1857, in Lyon, S.S., Cox, E.T., and Lesquereux, L., Palaeontological Report: Geological Report of Kentucky, v. 3, p. 467–497.Google Scholar
Miller, J.S., 1821, A natural history of the Crinoidea, or lily-shaped animals; with observations on the genera, Asteria, Euryale, Comatula and Marsupites: Bristol, England, Bryan & Co., 150 p.Google Scholar
Mittmeyer, H.G., 1973, Grenze Siegen/Unterems bei Bornhofen (Unter-Devon, Mittlerhein): Mainzer Geowissenschaftliche Mitteilungen, v. 2, p. 71–103.Google Scholar
Moore, R.C., and Laudon, L.R., 1943, Evolution and classification of Paleozoic crinoids: Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 46, 151 p.Google Scholar
Moore, R.C., and Teichert, C., eds., 1978, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2, Crinoidea: Boulder, Colorado and Lawrence, Kansas, Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, 1027 p.Google Scholar
Müller, J., 1855, Über die Echinodermen in the Umgegend von Coblenz und in der Eifeler Kalke, in Zeiler, F., and Wirtgen, Ph., Bemerkungen über die Petrefacten der altern devonischen Gebirge am Rheine, insbesondere über die in der Umgegend von Coblenz vorkommenden Arten: Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalen, v. 12, p. 1–28.Google Scholar
Nance, R.D., Gutiérrez-Alonso, G., Keppie, J.D., Linnemann, U., Murphy, J.B., Quesada, C., Strachan, R.A., and Woodcock, N.H., 2012, A brief history of the Rheic Ocean: Geoscience Frontiers, v. 3, p. 125–135.Google Scholar
Oehlert, D. P., 1891, Description de deux Crinoïdes nouveaux du Dévonien de la Manche: Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, ser. 3, v. 19, p. 834–853.Google Scholar
Oehlert, D.P., 1897, Fossiles dévoniens de Santa Lucia (Espagne): Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (1896), ser. 3, v. 24, p. 814–875.Google Scholar
Oehlert, D. P., 1902, Fósiles devonianos de Santa Lucía: Boletin de la Comision del Mapa Geologico de España, Madrid, v. 26, 86 p.Google Scholar
Pidal, R., 1984, Gilbertsocrininae, nueva subfamilia de crinoideos camerados del Devónico y Carbonífero: Trabajos de Geologia, Universidad de Oviedo, v. 14, p. 137–149.Google Scholar
Pidal, R., 2008, A Lower Devonian (Emsian) species of the genus Bactrocrinites (Crinoidea): Bactrocrinites robustus n. sp. (Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain): Revista Española de Paleontología, v. 23, p. 267–271.Google Scholar
Roemer, C.F., 1844, Das Rheinische Übergangsgebirge, Eine palaeontologisch-geognostische Darstellung: Hannover, Hahn, 96 p.Google Scholar
Roemer, C.F., 1850, Über Stephanocrinus, eine fossile Crinoiden-Gattung aus der Familie der Cystideen: Wiegmanns Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Jahrgang 16, v. 1, p. 365–375.Google Scholar
Roemer, C.F., 1851–1856, Erste Periode, Kohlen-Gebirge, in Bronn, H. G., Geognostica, Lethaea, 3rd ed.: Stuttgart, E. Schweizerbart, v. 2, 788 p.Google Scholar
Rouault, M.M., 1847, Catalogue des fossiles du terrain paléozoïque des environs de Rennes: Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, ser. 2, v. 4, p. 320–323.Google Scholar
Ruhrmann, G., 1971, Fossil-Lagestätten Nr. 15. Riff nahe Sedimentation Palaozoischer Krinoiden-Fragmente (Near Reef sedimentation of Paleozoic crinoid fragments): Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, v. 138, p. 56–100.Google Scholar
Sandberger, G., and Sandberger, F., 1850–1856, Die Versteinerungen des rheinischen Schichtensystems in Nassau: Wiesbaden, Kreidel and Niedner, 564 p.Google Scholar
Schmidt, W.E., 1913, Cultrijugatuszone und unteres Mitteldevon südlich der Attendorn-Elsper Doppelmulde: Jahrbuch der Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, v. 33, no. 2, pt. 2, p. 265–318.Google Scholar
Schmidt, W.E., 1931, Crinoiden und Blastoiden aus dem Jüngsten Unterdevon Spaniens: Palaeontographica, v. 76, p. 1–33.Google Scholar
Schmidt, W.E., 1932, Crinoideen und Blastoideen aus dem jungsten Unterdevon Spaniens: Palaeontographica (1931), v. 76, p. 1–4.Google Scholar
Schmidt, W.E., 1934, Die Crinoideen des Rheinischen Devons, I. Teil; Die Crinoideen des Hunsrückschiefers: Abhandlung der Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, v. 163, p. 1–149.Google Scholar
Schmidt, W.E., 1942, Die Crinoideen des Rheinischen Devons, II. Teil; A. Nachtrag zu Die Crinoideen des Hunsrückschiefers; B. Die Crinoideen des Unterdevon bis zur Cultrijugatus-Zone (mit Ausschluss des Hunsrückschiefers): Abhandlungen der Reichstelle für Bodenforschung, n.s., v. 182, p. 1–253.Google Scholar
Schultze, L., 1866, Monographie der Echinodermen des Eifler Kalkes: Denkschriften der Kaiserlich Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe, Wien, v. 26, p. 113–230. [advance publication]Google Scholar
Scotese, C.R., 2001, Atlas of Earth History, Volume 1, Paleogeography, PALEOMAP Project, 1, 1–52.Google Scholar
Sieverts Doreck, H., 1951, Echinoderm aus dem Spanischen Ober-Karbon: Paläontologiche Zeitschrift, v. 24, p. 104–119.Google Scholar
Springer, F., 1926, American Silurian Crinoids: Smithsonian Institution Publication, no. 2872, p. 1–239.Google Scholar
Steininger, J., 1831, Bermerkungen über die Versteinuerungen, welche in dem Übergangskalkgebirge der Eifel gefunden werden: Trier, published by the author, 44 p.Google Scholar
Strimple, H.L., and Watkins, W.T., 1955, New Ordovician echinoderms, I. Three new genera: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 45, p. 347–353.Google Scholar
Suárez Andrés, J.L., and Wyse Jackson, P.N., 2017, Fenestrate Bryozoa of the Moniello Formation (Lower-Middle Devonian, SW Spain): Bulletin of Geosciences v. 92, p. 153–183.Google Scholar
Südkamp, W.H., 2007, An atypical fauna in the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate of Germany: Paläontologische Zeitschrift, v. 81, p. 181–204.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G., 1978, Skeletal morphology of fossil crinoids, in Moore, R.C., and Teichert, K., eds., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Echinodermata, Pt. T(2): Boulder, Colorado and Lawrence, Kansas, Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, p. T58–T216.Google Scholar
Verneuil, E., de, , 1850, Note sur les fossiles dévoniens du district de Sabero (Léon): Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, ser. 2, v. 7, p. 155–186.Google Scholar
Villas, E., Colmenar, J., García-Alcalde, J., Carls, P., Herrera, Z., Zamora, S., and Valenzuela-Ríos, J.I., 2018, Ordovician to early Devonian brachiopods from the Eastern Iberian Chain, in García-Joral, F., Villas, E., and Baeza-Carratalá, J.F., eds., 8th International Brachiopod Congress, Field Guide: Paleozoic and Mesozoic brachiopods of East Spain: Madrid, Workcenter Servicios Globales de Documentación, p. 17–48.Google Scholar
Waagen, W., and Jahn, J., 1899, in Barrande, J., Système Silurien du centre de la Bohême, Vol. VII, Classe des Echinodermes, pt. 2., Famille des Crinoïdes: Prague, Rivnác; Leipzig, Gerhard, 216 p.Google Scholar
Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F., 1880–1886, Revision of the Palaeocrinoidea: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Pt. I. The families Ichthyocrinidae and Cyathocrinidae (1880), p. 226–378, (separate re-paged p. 1–153). Pt. II. Family Sphaeroidocrinidae, with the sub-families Platycrinidae, Rhodocrinidae, and Actinocrinidae (1881), p. 177–411 (separate re-paged, p. 1–237). Pt. III, Sec. 1. Discussion of the classification and relations of the brachiate crinoids, and conclusion of the generic descriptions (1885), p. 225–364 (separate re-paged, p. 1–138). Pt. III, Sec. 2. Discussion of the classification and relations of the brachiate crinoids, and conclusion of the generic descriptions (1886), p. 64–226 (separately re-paged to continue with section 1, p. 139–302).Google Scholar
Webster, G.D., 1974, Crinoid pluricolumnal noditaxis patterns: Journal of Paleontology, v. 48, p. 1283–1288.Google Scholar
Webster, G.D., 1976, A new genus of calceocrinid from Spain with comments on mosaic evolution: Paleontology, v. 19, p. 681–688.Google Scholar
Webster, G.D., and Webster, D.W., 2014, Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids, coronates, and hemistreptocrinoids, 1758–2012: [http://crinoids.azurewebsites.net/; accessed 04-04-2016].Google Scholar
Webster, G.D., Maples, C.G., Yazdi, M., Marcus, S., and Waters, J.A., 2011, Early Pennsylvanian, Early Bashkirian, echinoderms from eastern Iran, a potential transitional fauna between Laurentia/Avalonia and the Paleotethys, and a Permian cromyocrinid from central Iran: Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, v. 91, p. 1–61.Google Scholar
Whidborne, G.F., 1897, Descriptions of the fossils, in Hicks, H., On the Morte Slates, and associated beds, in north Devon and west Somerset—Part II: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 53, p. 438–462.Google Scholar
Wright, D.F., 2017, Bayesian estimation of fossil phylogenies and the evolution of early to middle Paleozoic crinoids (Echinodermata): Journal of Paleontology, v. 91, v. 799–814.Google Scholar
Wright, D.F., Ausich, W.I., Cole, S.R., Peter, M.E., and Rhenberg, E.C., 2017, Phylogenetic taxonomy and classification of the Crinoidea (Echinodermata): Journal of Paleontology, v. 91, p. 829–846.Google Scholar
Wright, J., 1938, Some British Platycrinidae and descriptions of new species: Geological Magazine, v. 75, p. 266–287.Google Scholar
Zamora, S., 2018, Crinoideos fósiles de Aragón, in Zamora, S., ed. Fósiles: Nuevos hallazgos paleontológicos en Aragón, p. 22–47.Google Scholar
Zamora, S., Álvaro, J.J., Arbizu, M., Colmenar, J., Esteve, J., Fernández-Marinez, E., Fernández, L.P., Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C., Andrés, J.S.A., Villas, E., and Waters, J.A., 2015, Field Trip: Palaeozoic echinoderms from northern Spain, in Zamora, S., and Rábano, I. Progress in Echinoderm Palaeobiology: Madrid, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, p. 209–288.Google Scholar
Zeiler, F., and Wirtgen, P.W., 1855, Bemerkungen über die Petreefacten der älteren devonischen Gebirge am Rheine, insbesondere über die Echinodermen in der Umgegend von Coblenz und in dem Eifeler Kalke vorkommenden Arten: Verhandlungen des Naturhistorisch Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlands und Westfalen, v. 12, p. 79–85.Google Scholar