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The Alerting and Orienting Systems of Attention Are Modified by Cannabis Dependence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 July 2021

Ivett E. Ortega-Mora ,
Ulises Caballero-Sánchez ,
Talía V. Román-López ,
Cintia B. Rosas-Escobar ,
Mónica Méndez-Díaz ,
Oscar E. Prospéro-García  and
Alejandra E. Ruiz-Contreras Open the ORCID record for Alejandra E. Ruiz-Contreras [Opens in a new window]
Ivett E. Ortega-Mora
Affiliation:
Grupo de Neurociencias: Lab. Neurogenómica Cognitiva, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicología, Av. Universidad 3004, Col. UNAM, C.P. 04510, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
Ulises Caballero-Sánchez
Affiliation:
Grupo de Neurociencias: Lab. Neurogenómica Cognitiva, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicología, Av. Universidad 3004, Col. UNAM, C.P. 04510, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
Talía V. Román-López
Affiliation:
Grupo de Neurociencias: Lab. Neurogenómica Cognitiva, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicología, Av. Universidad 3004, Col. UNAM, C.P. 04510, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
Cintia B. Rosas-Escobar
Affiliation:
Grupo de Neurociencias: Lab. Neurogenómica Cognitiva, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicología, Av. Universidad 3004, Col. UNAM, C.P. 04510, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
Mónica Méndez-Díaz
Affiliation:
Lab. Cannabinoides, Depto. Fisiología, Fac. Medicina, UNAM, Apdo. Postal 70-250, México, D. F. 04510, México
Oscar E. Prospéro-García
Affiliation:
Lab. Cannabinoides, Depto. Fisiología, Fac. Medicina, UNAM, Apdo. Postal 70-250, México, D. F. 04510, México
Alejandra E. Ruiz-Contreras*
Affiliation:
Grupo de Neurociencias: Lab. Neurogenómica Cognitiva, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicología, Av. Universidad 3004, Col. UNAM, C.P. 04510, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Alejandra E. Ruiz-Contreras, Av. Universidad 3004, Col. Copilco-Universidad, Del. Coyoacan, C.P. 04510, CDMX, Mexico. Tel: +52 5556222568. E-mail: aleruiz@unam.mx
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Abstract

Attention allows us to select relevant information from the background. Although several studies have described that cannabis use induces deleterious effects on attention, it remains unclear if cannabis dependence affects the attention network systems differently.

Objectives:

To evaluate whether customary consumption of cannabis or cannabis dependence impacts the alerting, orienting, and executive control systems in young adults; to find out whether it is related to tobacco or alcohol dependence and if cannabis use characteristics are associated with the attention network systems.

Method:

One-hundred and fifty-four healthy adults and 102 cannabis users performed the Attention Network Test (ANT) to evaluate the alerting, orienting, and executive control systems.

Results:

Cannabis use enhanced the alerting system but decreased the orienting system. Moreover, those effects seem to be associated with cannabis dependence. Out of all the cannabis-using variables, only the age of onset of cannabis use significantly predicted the efficiency of the orienting and executive control systems.

Conclusion:

Cannabis dependence favors tonic alertness but reduces selective attention ability; earlier use of cannabis worsens the efficiency of selective attention and resolution of conflicts.

Keywords

CannabisAttentionAttention network testEndocannabinoid systemCB1Addiction
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 27 , Special Issue 6: Clarifying the Complexities of Cannabis and Cognition , July 2021 , pp. 520 - 532
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2021

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