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Auditory Vigilance and Working Memory in Youth at Familial Risk for Schizophrenia or Affective Psychosis in the Harvard Adolescent Family High Risk Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2016

Larry J. Seidman ,
Andrea Pousada-Casal ,
Silvia Scala ,
Eric C. Meyer ,
William S. Stone ,
Heidi W. Thermenos ,
Elena Molokotos ,
Jessica Agnew-Blais ,
Ming T. Tsuang  and
Stephen V. Faraone
Larry J. Seidman*
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Andrea Pousada-Casal
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Saint Louis University, Madrid, Spain
Silvia Scala
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro, Italy
Eric C. Meyer
Affiliation:
VA VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, Texas Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, Texas Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, Texas
William S. Stone
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Heidi W. Thermenos
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Elena Molokotos
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Jessica Agnew-Blais
Affiliation:
MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King’s College, London, United Kingdom
Ming T. Tsuang
Affiliation:
Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavior Genomics and Institute of Genomic Medicine, La Jolla, California
Stephen V. Faraone
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, New York
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Larry J. Seidman, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Commonwealth Research Center, 5th Floor, 75 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: lseidman@bidmc.harvard.edu
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Abstract

Background: The degree of overlap between schizophrenia (SCZ) and affective psychosis (AFF) has been a recurring question since Kraepelin’s subdivision of the major psychoses. Studying nonpsychotic relatives allows a comparison of disorder-associated phenotypes, without potential confounds that can obscure distinctive features of the disorder. Because attention and working memory have been proposed as potential endophenotypes for SCZ and AFF, we compared these cognitive features in individuals at familial high-risk (FHR) for the disorders. Methods: Young, unmedicated, first-degree relatives (ages, 13–25 years) at FHR-SCZ (n=41) and FHR-AFF (n=24) and community controls (CCs, n=54) were tested using attention and working memory versions of the Auditory Continuous Performance Test. To determine if schizotypal traits or current psychopathology accounted for cognitive deficits, we evaluated psychosis proneness using three Chapman Scales, Revised Physical Anhedonia, Perceptual Aberration, and Magical Ideation, and assessed psychopathology using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist -90 Revised. Results: Compared to controls, the FHR-AFF sample was significantly impaired in auditory vigilance, while the FHR-SCZ sample was significantly worse in working memory. Both FHR groups showed significantly higher levels of physical anhedonia and some psychopathological dimensions than controls. Adjusting for physical anhedonia, phobic anxiety, depression, psychoticism, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms eliminated the FHR-AFF vigilance effects but not the working memory deficits in FHR-SCZ. Conclusions: The working memory deficit in FHR-SZ was the more robust of the cognitive impairments after accounting for psychopathological confounds and is supported as an endophenotype. Examination of larger samples of people at familial risk for different psychoses remains necessary to confirm these findings and to clarify the role of vigilance in FHR-AFF. (JINS, 2016, 22, 1026–1037)

Keywords

Familial high-riskVigilanceWorking memoryPsychopathologySchizophreniaAffective psychosesEndophenotypes
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 22 , Special Issue 10: Special Issue: Preclinical Prediction , November 2016 , pp. 1026 - 1037
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2016 

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