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Effects of Marathi-Hindi Bilingualism on Neuropsychological Performance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 December 2011

Rujvi Kamat ,
Manisha Ghate ,
Tamar H. Gollan ,
Rachel Meyer ,
Florin Vaida ,
Robert K. Heaton ,
Scott Letendre ,
Donald Franklin ,
Terry Alexander  and
Igor Grant
...Show all authors
Rujvi Kamat*
Affiliation:
San Diego University/ University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology; San Diego, California
Manisha Ghate
Affiliation:
National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra
Tamar H. Gollan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine; San Diego, California
Rachel Meyer
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine; San Diego, California
Florin Vaida
Affiliation:
Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
Robert K. Heaton
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine; San Diego, California
Scott Letendre
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine; San Diego, California
Donald Franklin
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine; San Diego, California
Terry Alexander
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine; San Diego, California
Igor Grant
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine; San Diego, California
Sanjay Mehendale
Affiliation:
National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra
Thomas D. Marcotte
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine; San Diego, California
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Rujvi Kamat. 220 Dickenson Street, Suite B, San Diego, CA 92103. E-mail: rkamat@ucsd.edu
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Abstract

The present study aimed to examine if bilingualism affects executive functions and verbal fluency in Marathi and Hindi, two major languages in India, with a considerable cognate (e.g., activity is actividad in Spanish) overlap. A total of 174 native Marathi speakers from Pune, India, with varying levels of Hindi proficiency were administered tests of executive functioning and verbal performance in Marathi. A bilingualism index was generated using self-reported Hindi and Marathi proficiency. After controlling for demographic variables, the association between bilingualism and cognitive performance was examined. Degree of bilingualism predicted better performance on the switching (Color Trails-2) and inhibition (Stroop Color-Word) components of executive functioning; but not for the abstraction component (Halstead Category Test). In the verbal domain, bilingualism was more closely associated with noun generation (where the languages share many cognates) than verb generation (which are more disparate across these languages), as predicted. However, contrary to our hypothesis that the bilingualism “disadvantage” would be attenuated on noun generation, bilingualism was associated with an advantage on these measures. These findings suggest distinct patterns of bilingualism effects on cognition for this previously unexamined language pair, and that the rate of cognates may modulate the association between bilingualism and verbal performance on neuropsychological tests. (JINS, 2012, 18, 305–313)

Keywords

MultilingualismNeuropsychological testsIndiaAdultExecutive functionsCognition
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 18 , Issue 2 , March 2012 , pp. 305 - 313
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2011

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